發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-26 05:09

  本文選題：司法實(shí)踐 + 律例　； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2009年博士論文

【摘要】： 清代河南地方司法實(shí)踐是國家政令在地方運(yùn)用的過程,地方社會各階層從自身的利益出發(fā),對國家政令既有順從,又有抵制,甚至公然的抗拒。但是,國家政令作為規(guī)范社會行為的制度的性質(zhì)與作用得以保存,社會各階層都是在國家法律的框架下運(yùn)行的。 清廷統(tǒng)治下的河南地方,巡撫以及州縣官擔(dān)負(fù)起主要的司法責(zé)任。社會各階層尋求自己的利益,相互之間沖撞、爭斗,不但造成了各種矛盾糾紛,也對體制產(chǎn)生作用力。具有優(yōu)勢的紳士豪民勢力膨脹發(fā)展,基層小民則日漸貧苦破產(chǎn),他們成為突破社會法律體系的重要社會力量,在與官方奉行法治的矛盾沖突中,社會趨于分化瓦解。 在司法實(shí)踐的過程中,各種事件都與法令相結(jié)合,形成各類型的司法事件。無論是日常事件被納入法律程序,國家權(quán)力滲透地方事務(wù),還是體制內(nèi)的抵制活動,亦或暴力的違法行徑,都是司法實(shí)踐的重要內(nèi)容。司法事件不僅對社會階層有塑造作用,同時(shí)也深受各階層的影響。 河南地方司法場域的律例結(jié)構(gòu),不但蘊(yùn)含著豐富的社會規(guī)則,而且在律文、定例、成案的互動過程中更具有靈活適應(yīng)性。地方習(xí)俗是影響司法實(shí)踐的重要因素,受到民間和官方的重視。在現(xiàn)有法令缺失的情況下,律例規(guī)則和地方習(xí)俗都不同程度上顯露自己的優(yōu)勢與缺點(diǎn),兩者相互結(jié)合,促進(jìn)法理互動下的例案創(chuàng)制,并且促使司法場域內(nèi)知識的演進(jìn)。 在清代河南地方司法實(shí)踐中,律例適用范圍非常廣,各府州縣的案件相對較為均勻。同時(shí),律例的執(zhí)行效果也很明顯,維護(hù)了地方的社會秩序,對地方社會發(fā)展具有推動作用。司法實(shí)踐過程中,地方法令的產(chǎn)生、演變、發(fā)展不但對本地區(qū)產(chǎn)生作用,而且對國家法令產(chǎn)生影響。 清代河南地方司法實(shí)踐受到諸多因素的影響,中央集權(quán)體制是地方活動的準(zhǔn)則,深刻干預(yù)地方的司法活動。同時(shí),社會文化亦影響司法活動,祭祀活動對停刑的要求,教育對具有功名者的保護(hù),都改變著司法活動的形態(tài)。 司法實(shí)踐的內(nèi)在矛盾不但聚焦了社會發(fā)展的種種困難,同時(shí)也展現(xiàn)出河南地方豐富的社會生活,使得冷冰冰的執(zhí)法行為,帶來一定的生機(jī)活力,孕育社會變遷的動力。
[Abstract]:The local judicial practice in Henan in Qing Dynasty is the process of the national government order being applied in the local area. The local social strata, proceeding from their own interests, have both obedient, boycotted and even blatant resistance to the state decree. However, the nature and function of state decrees as a system to regulate social behavior are preserved, and all social strata operate under the framework of national laws. Under the Qing Dynasty, Henan prefectures, governors and prefectures assumed major judicial responsibilities. All social strata seek their own interests, collide with each other and struggle, which not only causes various contradictions and disputes, but also exerts force on the system. The superior gentry and the people expand and develop, and the grassroots people go bankrupt day by day. They become an important social force to break through the social legal system, and the society tends to disintegrate in the contradiction conflict with the official adherence to the rule of law. In the process of judicial practice, all kinds of events are combined with laws to form various types of judicial events. Whether the daily events are brought into the legal process, the state power permeates the local affairs, the boycott activities within the system, or the illegal acts of violence, are the important contents of the judicial practice. Judicial events not only shape the social strata, but also are deeply influenced by them. The legal structure of Henan local judicial field not only contains rich social rules, but also has more flexibility and adaptability in the interactive process of law, order and case. The local custom is the important factor which affects the judicial practice, receives the folk and the official attention. In the absence of the existing laws and regulations, the rules of law and local customs to varying degrees reveal their own advantages and disadvantages, the two combine each other, promote the case creation under the interaction of legal theory, and promote the evolution of knowledge in the judicial field. In the local judicial practice of Henan Province in Qing Dynasty, the scope of application of laws and regulations was very wide, and the cases of prefectures and counties were relatively uniform. At the same time, the enforcement effect of the laws and regulations is also obvious, which maintains the local social order and promotes the local social development. In the process of judicial practice, the emergence, evolution and development of local decrees not only have an effect on the region, but also have an impact on the state decrees. The local judicial practice in Henan in Qing Dynasty was influenced by many factors. The centralization system was the norm of local activities and deeply interfered with the local judicial activities. At the same time, the social culture also affects the judicial activities, the request of sacrificial activities to the suspension of punishment, and the protection of education to those with merit and fame, all of them change the form of judicial activities. The inherent contradiction of judicial practice not only focuses on the difficulties of social development, but also shows the rich social life in Henan, which makes the cold law enforcement action bring some vitality and give birth to the motive force of social change.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D929;K249

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張玉娟;明清時(shí)期河南省級官員施政研究[D];河南大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1804611