本文選題：唐宋證明模式 + 刑事審判　； 參考：《中國青年政治學(xué)院》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 證明模式是審查判斷證據(jù)的基本方式,包括證據(jù)能力的審查和證明力的判斷兩方面的內(nèi)容。從人類發(fā)展史來看,證明模式包括神示證據(jù)、法定證據(jù)和自由心證三種類型。作為中國古代刑事證明模式的典型代表,唐宋刑事證明模式可以歸結(jié)為“以口供為中心的自由心證證明模式”。其特征有四:一是口供至上;二是自由心證;三是其他證據(jù)結(jié)合使用,處于佐證地位;四是特殊情況下“據(jù)眾證定罪”。 本文首先對唐宋刑事證明模式進(jìn)行制度考察,主要對《唐律疏議》和《宋刑統(tǒng)》中的有關(guān)證據(jù)規(guī)定的條文進(jìn)行考證,五聽和刑訊是唐宋獲取口供和判斷口供的兩種主要方式,關(guān)于證人證言、物證、書證等其他證據(jù)種類的規(guī)定也比較詳盡。唐宋法律雖然沒有明文規(guī)定自由心證制度,但同英美法系一樣,一直貫穿著自由心證的精神。此外,對于“八議”等特殊主體適用“據(jù)眾證定罪”的法律制度。 條文的規(guī)定是一回事,法律的實(shí)施又是一回事,本文第三部分深入到制度的實(shí)施,用實(shí)證分析的方法進(jìn)一步研究唐宋刑事證明模式在訴訟實(shí)踐中的體現(xiàn)。首先,列舉四個(gè)案例展現(xiàn)唐宋司法官五聽斷案的過程,說明五聽制度在具體實(shí)施中包括諸多豐富多樣的方法;其次,以表格的形式列舉十個(gè)案例說明刑訊在唐宋判案過程中應(yīng)用的廣泛性,并進(jìn)一步指出法外刑訊的野蠻和殘酷;再次,本文列舉七個(gè)案例以展現(xiàn)各具特色的術(shù)審方法,值得注意的是,這些方法并非法律的規(guī)定,而是以判例的形式為后世借鑒,由此可見其影響之大;最后,結(jié)合上述案例對唐宋司法官審案的心證過程進(jìn)行總結(jié)分析,指出唐宋斷案調(diào)查階段先入為主、審訊階段心證轉(zhuǎn)移、判決“據(jù)供詞定罪”的心證過程。 唐宋“以口供為中心的自由心證證明模式”是中國幾千年來法律文化發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。文章最后分析了這種證明模式形成的理論基礎(chǔ)。從認(rèn)識論、政治體制、證據(jù)調(diào)查學(xué)、證據(jù)法學(xué)方面,分析了口供至上的理論根源;從思想基礎(chǔ)、認(rèn)識論、法文化、政治基礎(chǔ)方面,分析了自由心證的理論根源。
[Abstract]:The mode of proof is the basic way of examining and judging evidence, including the examination of evidence ability and the judgment of proof power. Judging from the history of human development, the mode of proof includes three types: divine evidence, statutory evidence and free heart evidence. As a typical representative of the ancient Chinese criminal proof model, the criminal proof model of Tang and Song dynasties can be summed up as "free heart evidence proof mode centered on confession". Its characteristics are as follows: first, confession first; second, free heart evidence; third, combination of other evidence, in the position of corroboration; fourth, "conviction according to public evidence" under special circumstances. This article first carries on the system investigation to the Tang and Song Dynasty criminal proof pattern, mainly carries on the textual research to the relevant evidence stipulation provisions in the Tang Law and the Song Dynasty Criminal system, five hearing and the torture hearing are the Tang and Song dynasties to obtain the confession and the judgment confession two main ways. The provisions on witness testimony, material evidence, documentary evidence and other types of evidence are also more detailed. Although the law of Tang and Song Dynasty did not explicitly stipulate the system of free evidence, it ran through the spirit of free evidence, just like the Anglo-American law system. In addition, the legal system of "conviction according to the evidence" is applied to the special subjects such as "eight opinions". The provisions of the provisions are one thing, the implementation of the law is one thing, the third part of this article goes deep into the implementation of the system, with the method of empirical analysis of the further study of the Tang and Song dynasties criminal proof model in the practice of the embodiment. Firstly, it enumerates four cases to show the process of judge Tang and Song Dynasty hearing and adjudicating cases, and explains that the five hearing system includes many rich and varied methods in the concrete implementation; secondly, In the form of tables, ten cases are listed to illustrate the extensiveness of the application of torture in the judgment process of Tang and Song dynasties, and the barbarism and cruelty of extra-judicial torture are further pointed out. Thirdly, this paper enumerates seven cases to show the unique technical trial methods. It is worth noting that these methods are not the provisions of the law, but use the form of case as reference for later generations, which shows that their influence is great. Finally, combining the above cases, the author summarizes and analyzes the process of the trial of the judge of the Tang and Song dynasties. The author points out that in Tang and Song Dynasty, the investigation stage is preconceived, the trial stage is transferred, and the judgment of "conviction according to confession" is made. In Tang and Song dynasties, the mode of testifying freely in the center of confession was the inevitable result of the development of legal culture in China for thousands of years. Finally, the theoretical basis for the formation of this proof model is analyzed. From the aspects of epistemology, political system, evidential investigation and evidential jurisprudence, this paper analyzes the theoretical roots of confession supremacy, and the theoretical roots of free psychological evidence from the aspects of ideological basis, epistemology, legal culture and political basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國青年政治學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D929;D925.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 宋志軍;;唐代律令與司法史料之證據(jù)規(guī)則掇英[J];國家檢察官學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年06期

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本文編號：1793370