發(fā)布時間：2018-04-19 00:27

  本文選題：英國 + 公共衛(wèi)生立法�。� 參考：《河南大學》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 這篇文章研究19世紀英國的公共衛(wèi)生立法。隨著工業(yè)化的推進,城市化進程加速,英國的公共衛(wèi)生狀況惡劣。于是19世紀英國出現(xiàn)了一系列旨在改善衛(wèi)生狀況的法案。文章通過描述19世紀英國的三部公共衛(wèi)生法案,探討了19世紀英國公共衛(wèi)生立法的影響。筆者認為19世紀英國的公共衛(wèi)生立法加強了國家對公共衛(wèi)生事務的干預職能,但是這種干預并不違背英國的地方自治傳統(tǒng)。而19世紀公共衛(wèi)生立法強調(diào)中央干預、突出國家責任的理念影響了英國福利國家的形成。 文章分為五個部分。第一部分為導論,介紹了文章的選題意義、國內(nèi)外研究綜述、寫作方法以及史料運用情況。 文章的第二部分介紹了19世紀英國公共衛(wèi)生立法的背景。19世紀英國城市和鄉(xiāng)村衛(wèi)生狀況惡劣,而從中世紀延續(xù)下來的地方管理制度與英國的工業(yè)社會脫節(jié),不能有效解決公共衛(wèi)生問題。這些糟糕的衛(wèi)生狀況引起了有識之士的關注,興起了公共衛(wèi)生運動,一些改革者建議國家干預公共衛(wèi)生問題。這就促使英國在19世紀制定了公共衛(wèi)生法。 文章的第三部分介紹了19世紀英國的三部公共衛(wèi)生法案。這三部法案包括1848年的《公共衛(wèi)生法案》、1872年的《公共衛(wèi)生法案》和1875年的《公共衛(wèi)生法案》。文中重點介紹了這三部法案的背景、主要內(nèi)容、缺陷和立法意義。 文章的第四部分探討了19世紀英國公共衛(wèi)生立法的影響。從1848年《公共衛(wèi)生法案》的規(guī)定到1875年《公共衛(wèi)生法案》的規(guī)定,作者得出中央干預公共衛(wèi)生的程度在加強,但是這沒有違背英國的地方自治傳統(tǒng);而中央干預的加強有助于建立英國的公共衛(wèi)生體系;同時,強調(diào)國家責任的立法理念也影響了英國福利國家的形成。19世紀的公共衛(wèi)生立法也促使英國的衛(wèi)生狀況得到改善。 在結(jié)語部分,文章肯定了19世紀英國公共衛(wèi)生立法的進步。英國福利國家模式的特征是突出國家責任、凸顯政府主體地位,這與19世紀公共衛(wèi)生立法日益強調(diào)國家作用、加強政府管理職能的理念是分不開的。這種立法理念對我國的醫(yī)療制度改革也有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:This article studies the public health legislation of the 19 th century in England.With the advance of industrialization and the acceleration of urbanization, public health in Britain is poor.A series of laws aimed at improving health conditions emerged in Britain in the 19 th century.By describing three public health acts in Britain in the 19 th century, this paper discusses the influence of public health legislation in the 19 th century.The author thinks that the public health legislation in the 19th century strengthened the function of state intervention in public health affairs, but this kind of intervention does not run counter to the tradition of local autonomy in Britain.Public health legislation in the 19 th century emphasized central intervention and the concept of national responsibility influenced the formation of the welfare state in Britain.The article is divided into five parts.The first part is the introduction, which introduces the significance of the topic, domestic and foreign research review, writing methods and the use of historical materials.The second part of the article introduces the background of the public health legislation in Britain in the 19th century. The hygiene conditions in the cities and villages in the 19th century were poor, but the local management system which was inherited from the Middle Ages was out of touch with the British industrial society.Public health problems cannot be solved effectively.These poor health conditions have attracted attention from people of insight, public health campaigns have emerged, and some reformers have advised the state to intervene in public health problems.This led to the enactment of public health laws in Britain in the 19 th century.The third part of the article introduces three public health acts in the 19 th century England.The three acts include the Public Health Act of 1848, the Public Health Act of 1872, and the Public Health Act of 1875.This paper focuses on the background, main content, defects and legislative significance of the three bills.The fourth part of the article discusses the impact of the 19 th century British public health legislation.From the provisions of the Public Health Act of 1848 to the provisions of the Public Health Act of 1875, the author concludes that the degree of central intervention in public health is increasing, but this does not run counter to the tradition of local self-government in Britain;The strengthening of central intervention helps to establish the British public health system, and at the same time, the concept of legislation emphasizing national responsibility also influenced the formation of the welfare state in Britain. The public health legislation of the 19th century also contributed to the improvement of the health situation of the United Kingdom.In the conclusion, the article affirms the progress of public health legislation in the 19 th century.The feature of British welfare state model is to highlight the responsibility of the state and highlight the main position of the government, which is inseparable from the idea that the public health legislation of the 19th century has increasingly emphasized the role of the state and strengthened the functions of government management.This kind of legislation idea also has the reference significance to our country's medical treatment system reform.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D956.1;DDD912.1

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 吳書超;喬麗娟;;從歷史變遷中探究社區(qū)護理的定義與意義[J];中國全科醫(yī)學;2012年29期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 孫法柏;現(xiàn)代環(huán)境法的運行機制[D];吉林大學;2010年

相關碩士學位論文 前5條

1 彭媛媛;南京國民政府前期衛(wèi)生立法研究（1927-1937）[D];重慶醫(yī)科大學;2010年

2 倪念念;論英國1848年《公共衛(wèi)生法案》[D];南京大學;2012年

3 王裔端;建國以來我國公民基本醫(yī)療權的發(fā)展變化研究[D];重慶醫(yī)科大學;2012年

4 馮婭;論查德威克的公共衛(wèi)生改革思想[D];南京大學;2013年

5 柳潤濤;約翰·西蒙與19世紀中后期的英國公共衛(wèi)生改革[D];南京大學;2013年

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本文編號：1770783