本文選題：立法后評(píng)估 + 立法后評(píng)估的對(duì)象��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 我國(guó)的立法機(jī)關(guān)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)只重視法律法規(guī)的制定,對(duì)法律法規(guī)出臺(tái)后的實(shí)效問(wèn)題則關(guān)注不夠,對(duì)法律法規(guī)是否達(dá)到立法的預(yù)期、實(shí)施效果如何缺乏足夠的了解。隨著我國(guó)法律體系初步建成,立法工作的重心從過(guò)去強(qiáng)調(diào)法的創(chuàng)制逐漸向法律制定后的修改、完善和廢止轉(zhuǎn)移,我國(guó)的“立法后”時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)。立法后評(píng)估制度在此時(shí)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,成為了提高立法質(zhì)量,完善社會(huì)主義法律體系的重要手段。但是遺憾的是,我國(guó)目前對(duì)法律法規(guī)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的立法后評(píng)估至今還是一個(gè)法律空白,《立法法》并沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的規(guī)定,致使各地在評(píng)估內(nèi)容、方法、程序等問(wèn)題上存在巨大的差異,有損于評(píng)估報(bào)告的科學(xué)行和權(quán)威性。如何更好地完善立法后評(píng)估制度成為一個(gè)亟待解決的問(wèn)題。 評(píng)估對(duì)象制度是立法后評(píng)估制度中的重要內(nèi)容。對(duì)評(píng)估對(duì)象進(jìn)行研究,選擇合適的評(píng)估對(duì)象對(duì)于立法后評(píng)估工作有著重要的意義。在評(píng)估活動(dòng)開(kāi)始之前要綜合各方面的情況對(duì)法律法規(guī)的“可評(píng)估性”進(jìn)行分析,并且要根據(jù)評(píng)估對(duì)象的不同以及評(píng)估的需要選擇合適的評(píng)估方法、評(píng)估類(lèi)型,這樣才能保證立法后評(píng)估真正取得實(shí)效。 確定評(píng)估對(duì)象是評(píng)估活動(dòng)所要解決的首要問(wèn)題,所謂立法后評(píng)估對(duì)象的范疇就是要解決評(píng)估什么的問(wèn)題。本文從比較法的角度,在對(duì)西方國(guó)家立法后評(píng)估對(duì)象范疇考察的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了關(guān)于我國(guó)立法后評(píng)估對(duì)象范疇的構(gòu)想。并根據(jù)對(duì)象的不同把我國(guó)立法后評(píng)估劃分為三種類(lèi)型。 對(duì)評(píng)估對(duì)象進(jìn)行研究以選擇合適的評(píng)估對(duì)象具有重要的意義。通過(guò)對(duì)公共政策評(píng)估理論中“可評(píng)估性”理論的借鑒,提出在評(píng)估對(duì)象選擇中應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的四項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即有效性、必要性、時(shí)間性、和可行性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。指出在選擇對(duì)象的程序中應(yīng)當(dāng)引入公眾參與,以保證評(píng)估對(duì)象選擇的科學(xué)性。 法的單一性評(píng)估,是適用范圍最廣的一種立法后評(píng)估類(lèi)型,也是我國(guó)目前最常采用的一種評(píng)估方式。本文對(duì)其的內(nèi)涵和優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行了研究,并通過(guò)實(shí)例分析,指出我國(guó)目前單一性評(píng)估存在的不足之處。著重探討了“日落條款”這種單一性評(píng)估的對(duì)象選擇機(jī)制。 類(lèi)型化評(píng)估是一種介于單一性評(píng)估和總體性評(píng)估之間的評(píng)估類(lèi)型。本文通過(guò)對(duì)系統(tǒng)法學(xué)以及類(lèi)型學(xué)相關(guān)理論的探討,指出類(lèi)型化評(píng)估的內(nèi)涵、類(lèi)型化評(píng)估所指向的對(duì)象范疇,并運(yùn)用類(lèi)型化評(píng)估的方式對(duì)我國(guó)學(xué)位法律制度所存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析。 立法后評(píng)估的總體性評(píng)估方式是對(duì)一定范圍以內(nèi)的所有法律法規(guī)所進(jìn)行的評(píng)估,它是法的單一性評(píng)估和法的類(lèi)型化評(píng)估的有益補(bǔ)充,特別是在我國(guó)當(dāng)前的法制狀況下,更應(yīng)當(dāng)重視總體性評(píng)估的制度意義。但是我國(guó)的總體性評(píng)估機(jī)制,特別是法的清理機(jī)制還存在許多不足,需要加以完善。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the legislatures of our country only pay attention to the formulation of laws and regulations, but not enough to the actual effect of laws and regulations, and lack sufficient understanding of whether laws and regulations meet the expectations of legislation and how to implement them.With the initial completion of our legal system and the shift of the focus of the legislative work from the past emphasis on the creation of the law to the revision, perfection and repeal after the enactment of the law, the era of "post-legislation" has arrived.The post-legislative evaluation system emerged as the times require and became an important means to improve the quality of legislation and improve the socialist legal system.However, unfortunately, the current systematic post-legislative evaluation of laws and regulations in China is still a legal blank, and there is no corresponding provision in the Legislative Law, resulting in huge differences in the contents, methods, procedures and other issues of assessment in various places.Undermine the scientific conduct and authority of the evaluation report.How to perfect the system of post-legislative evaluation is an urgent problem to be solved.The evaluation object system is an important content in the post-legislative evaluation system.It is of great significance to study the evaluation object and select the appropriate evaluation object for the post-legislative evaluation.The "evaluability" of laws and regulations should be analysed in a comprehensive manner prior to the commencement of the assessment exercise, and appropriate assessment methods and types of assessment should be selected according to the different subjects and needs of the assessment,Only in this way can we ensure that the post-legislative evaluation is truly effective.To determine the evaluation object is the primary problem to be solved in the evaluation activities, and the category of the so-called post-legislative evaluation object is to solve the problem of what to evaluate.From the perspective of comparative law and on the basis of the investigation of the category of the object of post-legislative evaluation in western countries, this paper puts forward the conception of the category of the object of post-legislative evaluation in our country.According to the different objects, the post-legislative evaluation of our country is divided into three types.It is of great significance to study the evaluation object in order to select the appropriate evaluation object.By drawing lessons from the theory of "evaluability" in the theory of public policy evaluation, this paper puts forward four criteria to be followed in the selection of evaluation objects, that is, validity, necessity, timeliness, and feasibility criteria.It is pointed out that public participation should be introduced in the procedure of selecting objects in order to ensure the scientific nature of the selection of evaluation objects.The evaluation of the uniqueness of law is the most widely used type of post-legislative evaluation, and it is also the most commonly used evaluation method in China at present.This paper studies its connotation and advantages, and points out the shortcomings of our country's single evaluation through the analysis of examples.This paper mainly discusses the object selection mechanism of sunset clause.Type evaluation is a kind of evaluation between single evaluation and overall evaluation.Based on the discussion of the relevant theories of systems law and typology, this paper points out the connotation of the type assessment, the object category of the type evaluation,The problems existing in the degree legal system of our country are systematically analyzed by using the method of type evaluation.The overall assessment of post-legislative evaluation is the evaluation of all laws and regulations within a certain scope. It is a useful supplement to the assessment of the singularity of law and the type of assessment of law, especially in the current legal situation in China.We should pay more attention to the institutional significance of overall evaluation.However, there are still many deficiencies in our country's overall evaluation mechanism, especially the legal clean-up mechanism, which need to be perfected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D920.0

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