本文選題：刑事政策　切入點：犯罪原因　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：今天,中國社會正處于社會改革和發(fā)展的時期。在變革的洪流中,人們從未放棄對于一個平穩(wěn)、安定社會的追求。社會的巨大變化不可避免地帶來了一系列問題,犯罪率的上升就是其中之一。因此,制定科學(xué)合理的刑事政策、有效地應(yīng)對犯罪形勢的挑戰(zhàn),是為建設(shè)和諧社會保駕護航的重要手段。美國是傳統(tǒng)上的犯罪大國,然而,在近20年來,美國的犯罪率卻表現(xiàn)出整體下降的趨勢�？梢哉f,在犯罪的治理領(lǐng)域,美國積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗。本文試圖通過對兩國刑事政策的比較,試圖從一個客觀、自省的刑事政策研究視角,尋找我國當(dāng)代刑事政策存在的問題,為刑事政策的研究拋磚引玉。 本文一共分為六個章節(jié)。 第一章介紹中美刑事政策比較的理論基礎(chǔ)。本文首先對兩國的犯罪狀況進行簡單的介紹和分析,試圖在實證層面對刑事政策比較的必要性進行解釋。其次,文章對刑事政策概念進行了分析和解讀,對比國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對于刑事政策的界定,給自己的理解。最后,對中美兩國刑事政策比較的意義進行闡述,以解析刑事政策比較的內(nèi)在價值和外在壓力為基礎(chǔ),解釋了中美刑事政策比較的緣起。 第二章梳理刑事政策的傳統(tǒng)淵源。刑事政策的傳統(tǒng)淵源不僅僅是歷史積累下的經(jīng)驗,而且依然影響著當(dāng)代各國的刑事政策。所以,文章按照時間順序,從早期的刑罰思想開始,先后對古典主義、實證主義和人道主義刑事政策進行了梳理和評價,為中美刑事政策的比較奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 第三章選取有代表性的美國犯罪學(xué)理論,通過整理它們對于犯罪原因的理解來展現(xiàn)美國刑事政策的理論依據(jù)。本章以最具影響力的犯罪社會學(xué)派的思想為主,介紹并評論了芝加哥學(xué)派、緊張理論、文化與亞文化理論、標(biāo)簽理論、沖突理論、控制理論的犯罪原因理論。此外,還選取了犯罪社會心理學(xué)和環(huán)境犯罪學(xué)的理論進行了梳理。 第四章解讀當(dāng)代美國的刑事政策。本章首先將美國刑事政策置于公共政策領(lǐng)域進行考察,理解刑事政策作為美國公共政策的一部分所具備的特殊性。接著,介紹了美國目前的兩極化刑事政策,對其在“重重”、“輕輕”兩個方面的表現(xiàn)進行了總結(jié)。最后,將美國刑事政策置于美國的政治、法律體系的宏觀背景下進行了解讀。 第五章介紹中國當(dāng)代的刑事政策,首先對中國當(dāng)代以來的刑事政策進行了梳理,接著對中國特色的刑事政策實踐進行分析,對它所反映出來的傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)、發(fā)展趨勢和法治基礎(chǔ)分別進行了總結(jié)。 第六章回歸到中美刑事政策比較的主題上,分別從研究方法、運行實踐和政策內(nèi)容三個角度入手,論述美國刑事政策所帶來的啟示。 綜上所述,本文主要致力于從宏觀角度比較中美兩國刑事政策,針對雙方的差異,就我國刑事政策的完善進行了初步的探索。本文的創(chuàng)新之處主要體現(xiàn)在思維視角上,一方面以美國繁盛的犯罪學(xué)研究成果作為理解美國刑事政策內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ),另一方面從美國刑事政策作為公共政策一部分的角度,審視美國政治環(huán)境下刑事政策所體現(xiàn)來的特質(zhì)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對完善我國的刑事政策提出實體與程序方面的建議。
[Abstract]:Today, China society is in the social reform and development period. In the change of the flood, people never give up for a smooth, stable society. The pursuit of great changes to social areas inevitably a series of problems, the crime rate rise is one of them. Therefore, to establish scientific and reasonable criminal policy, effectively deal with the crime situation challenge, is the important means of building a harmonious society escort. The United States is the traditional criminal powers, however, in the past 20 years, the crime rate has shown an overall downward trend. It can be said that in the field of crime control, the United States has accumulated rich experience. This paper tries to compare the two countries of the criminal policy, attempts from an objective perspective, the criminal policy of self reflection, to find the existence of contemporary criminal policy in our country, for the research of criminal policy.
This article is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter introduces the theoretical basis of criminal policy of Sino US comparison. The introduction and analysis of simple first crime situation between the two countries, attempts at an empirical level the necessity of criminal policy comparison was explained. Secondly, this paper makes an analysis and interpretation of the concept of criminal policy, comparative analysis of domestic and foreign scholars to define the criminal policy, give yourself understanding. Finally, the Sino US comparison of criminal policy significance expounded the intrinsic value and the external pressure on the basis of the comparison analysis of the criminal policy, explains the origin of Sino US comparison of criminal policy.
The second chapter is the traditional origin of the criminal policy. The traditional origin of the criminal policy is not only the historical accumulation of experience, and still influences the modern criminal policy. Therefore, this article according to the time order, starting from the early penalty thought, in order to classicism, positivism and humanism of criminal policy and evaluation of the comb for comparison, establish Sino US criminal policy theory.
The third chapter selects American criminology theory representative, through the collation they understand the reason for the crime to show the theoretical basis of the criminal policy of the United States. In this chapter, the crime society's most influential thoughts mainly introduces and comments on the Chicago school, tension theory, culture and sub culture theory, labeling theory, conflict theory. The causes of crime theory control theory. In addition, also selected the criminal psychology and environmental criminology theories.
The fourth chapter of criminal policy interpretation of contemporary America. This chapter first reviews the criminal policy in the field of public policy, understand the criminal policy as a part of the United States has the particularity of public policy. Then, introduces the current polarized criminal policy, the "heavy", "gently" in two aspects performance is summarized. Finally, the American criminal policy in the American political and legal system under the macro background of the interpretation.
The fifth chapter introduces China's contemporary criminal policy, first combing the criminal policy in contemporary China, then analyzes the practice of criminal policy with Chinese characteristics, summarizes the traditional foundation, development trend and rule of law foundation reflected by it.
The sixth chapter comes back to the theme of the comparison of criminal policy between China and America. From the three perspectives of research methods, operation practices and policy contents, the Enlightenment of American criminal policy is discussed.
In summary, this paper focuses on comparing the two countries from a macro perspective of criminal policy, for both sides of the difference, on the improvement of China's criminal policy has carried on the preliminary exploration. The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the thinking perspective, on the one hand, America's criminology research results as the basis for understanding the content of the criminal policy of the United States, another from the aspect of American criminal policy as part of a public policy perspective, re-examine the American political environment criminal policy embodied the characteristics. On this basis, to improve our criminal policy of substantive and procedural aspects of the proposal.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D971.2;D924;D925.2

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