本文選題：《欽定大清商律》　切入點(diǎn)：商事習(xí)慣　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】：《欽定大清商律》作為清末法制變革的第一個(gè)成果,有著深厚的文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治背景。其在中國傳統(tǒng)法律沒有近代意義上的商法的基礎(chǔ)上,把西方近代商法的一些諸如股份有限公司、有限責(zé)任、股東、董事等先進(jìn)的制度、原則、概念引進(jìn)中國,邁出了中國法制近代化的第一步,使清末資本主義工商業(yè)的發(fā)展獲得了一定的法律保障,一定程度上促進(jìn)了清末中國民族資本主義的發(fā)展。然而,由于擔(dān)任商法編纂的伍廷芳、載振等大臣雖然對(duì)西方法律有所了解,但對(duì)西方商法的要義并沒有真正理解,基于現(xiàn)實(shí)的急迫需要,在參閱了西方各國商法之后匆匆忙忙對(duì)日本商法、英國商法等加以裁剪拼湊,倉促中制定了《商人通例》和《公司律》兩部分合為《欽定大清商律》,連商法中最為關(guān)鍵的商行為、商事主體等基礎(chǔ)概念都沒有給予充分的解釋。體例不完備、內(nèi)容欠缺,加之制定中忽略了清末工商業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)際,沒有顧及中國傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)習(xí)慣,所以這第一部商律只實(shí)施了幾年后就遭到了許多質(zhì)疑,迫使清立法者不得不考慮重新制定一部商法典。另外,對(duì)《欽定大清商律》的實(shí)施情況進(jìn)行研究,發(fā)掘其實(shí)施過程中暴露出來的種種問題,對(duì)于探究《欽定大清商律》失敗的原因,從中汲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)也是有所裨益的。 “中國與日本地屬同洲,政體民情最為相近”。正因?yàn)槿绱?在日本明治維新成功的范例下,清術(shù)的法制變革受日本的影響最多。無獨(dú)有偶,作為《欽定大清商律》主要移植對(duì)象的日本明治商法,有著和《欽定大清商律》相似的產(chǎn)生背景,二者最終的命運(yùn)卻完全不同,日本明治商法不僅對(duì)促進(jìn)日本經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展發(fā)揮了巨大的作用,并且在經(jīng)過幾次修改后與時(shí)俱進(jìn),一百多年后的今天仍在適用,表現(xiàn)出來強(qiáng)大的生命力。對(duì)二者加以比較,深入發(fā)掘造成二者差異之所在,對(duì)當(dāng)今的商事法律建設(shè)應(yīng)當(dāng)有著不小的意義。 當(dāng)前我國的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)正在迅猛發(fā)展,與之相關(guān)頒行的單行商事法規(guī)已經(jīng)為數(shù)不少,但是由于采取何種立法模式還沒有定論,所以關(guān)于商法基本精神、基本原則一直沒有一個(gè)明確的總則性的規(guī)定,致使單行的商事法規(guī)無所歸依�！稓J定大清商律》中《公司律》的產(chǎn)生背景和過程或許可以給我們解決這個(gè)問題提供一些啟示和借鑒。此外,《欽定大清商律》暴露出來的商事法律移植問題,制定商事法規(guī)時(shí)如何處理傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)習(xí)慣等問題,都是我們當(dāng)今商事法規(guī)制定難以避免的,對(duì)此做以研究有其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:"The first fruits of imperial Qing Business Law > as legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty, has a profound cultural, economic and political background. There is no basis for commercial law in the modern sense in the traditional legal China, put such as Limited by Share Ltd, western modern commercial limited liability, shareholders, directors and other advanced system principle. Introduce the concept of China, the first step China the modernization of the legal system, make the development of capitalist industry and commerce to obtain some legal protection, to a certain extent promoted the development of national capitalism in the late Qing Dynasty China. However, as compiled by the Wu Tingfang law, Zaizhen etc. Although knowledge Minister of western law, but the essence of western the law did not really understand, urgent need based on the reference to western countries in a hurry to the Japanese commercial law, commercial law and other British to cut together, hasty The general rule of businessman made < > and < > two parts is the company law > < Qing business law, even taking the most important behavior in commercial law, the basic concept of commercial subject did not give full explanation. The style is not complete, lack of content, and the formulation of ignoring the actual development of industry and Commerce in the late Qing Dynasty. Do not take into account China traditional business practices, so the first law of business only after a few years and be questioned, forced legislators to consider the establishment of a new commercial code. In addition, the implementation of "Qing Business Law >, explore the implementation of the problems exposed in the process of to explore why James," Qing Business Law > failure, learn from the experiences and lessons is also helpful.
"Chinese and Japan belong to the same continent, the most similar customs regime". Because of this, the success of Meiji Restoration in Japan, the legal system reform of Qing Dynasty is most affected by Japan. Coincidentally, as the "imperial Qing Business Law > main object transplantation of Japanese Meiji commercial law, with the background of Qing Dynasty and" commercial law > similar, while the ultimate fate of the two are completely different, the Japanese Meiji commercial law not only plays an important role in promoting the economic development of Japan, and after being modified several times to keep pace with the times, more than 100 years later still apply, shows strong vitality. Compared to the two, explore cause the difference between the two, for the construction of today's commercial law should have no small significance.
China's market economy is developing rapidly, the related regulations have been enacted separate commercial number, but because the legislation pattern is not conclusive, so on the basic spirit of commercial law, the basic principle has not a general explicit provisions of the background and process of the commercial law single unbelonging company. Imperial Qing Business Law > > < Law may provide some inspiration and reference for us to solve this problem. In addition, "James commercial legal transplantation Qing Business Law > exposed, how to deal with traditional business practices and other issues to develop commercial law, we are today's commercial regulations is difficult to avoid. This study has its practical significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D929

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