本文選題：德沃金　切入點(diǎn)：原則論　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： “法律是什么”這個(gè)問題堪稱為法學(xué)界的“哥德巴赫猜想”,引得無數(shù)法律人、各大法學(xué)派鉆研了幾個(gè)世紀(jì),皓首窮經(jīng),追尋不已。 作為法律實(shí)證主義最杰出的代表,哈特發(fā)展與完善了奧斯丁的理論,創(chuàng)制“承認(rèn)規(guī)則”作為檢驗(yàn)其它所有規(guī)則效力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將法律理解為法律是一個(gè)規(guī)則體系。而德沃金針對(duì)此觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表了一系列論著,提出質(zhì)疑,點(diǎn)燃戰(zhàn)火,引發(fā)了法學(xué)界的一場(chǎng)大辯論。 概括而言,德沃金以“原則論”的提出作為其思想體系的中軸,論述了法律不僅包括規(guī)則,還包括原則與政策的觀點(diǎn),闡述了“法作為闡釋的概念”(law asinterpretation)的法律解釋論,并提出了法的整體性(integrity)思想,最終落腳于保護(hù)人權(quán)這個(gè)終極目標(biāo)。 本文將從以下五個(gè)部分層層展開,通過詳細(xì)論述德沃金的上述思想體系,試圖能夠解釋德沃金所描述的“法律是什么”。 引言部分,從德沃金的主要思想入手,引出其“原則論”,論述本文的研究意義與研究方法。 第一章,對(duì)原則論的思想脈絡(luò)進(jìn)行梳理。首先,以德沃金對(duì)實(shí)證主義規(guī)則論的批駁為契機(jī),用兩個(gè)疑難案件的裁判過程來說明原則在司法實(shí)踐中的現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)用;其次,闡述實(shí)證主義規(guī)則論存在的三重困境及內(nèi)在矛盾,從而對(duì)比證明原則作為法律組成部分的正當(dāng)性;最后,提出“隱含法律”的存在以論證原則的存在。 第二章,我將把原則論放入德沃金整個(gè)思想理論體系中來論述,詳細(xì)解釋原則論與德沃金主要思想理論的關(guān)系:1、原則論與解釋論。我將說明原則需要從解釋中發(fā)現(xiàn),而所發(fā)現(xiàn)的原則需要被解釋才能最終找到疑難案件的正解;2、原則論與憲法論。憲法具有根本法的地位,規(guī)定了應(yīng)當(dāng)予以保護(hù)的基本人權(quán),具有內(nèi)在道德性。對(duì)憲法原則的道德解讀是適用憲法的必然要求,而道德解讀又受到原則的限制;3、原則論與權(quán)利論。德沃金提出原則論的目的就在于保護(hù)個(gè)人權(quán)利,原則是個(gè)人權(quán)利的來源與依據(jù);4、原則論與整體性思想。整體性的核心是原則的整體性,而原則根本上是整體性的原則,二者密不可分。通過對(duì)原則論與解釋論、憲法論、權(quán)利論和整體性思想關(guān)系的分析,我們可以清晰地看出,“原則論”在德沃金思想理論體系中的中軸地位。 第三章,我將進(jìn)一步闡釋“原則”的根基,即法律原則運(yùn)用的根本目的在于保障人權(quán),從根本上解釋德沃金對(duì)于人權(quán)的兩個(gè)基本原則的論述。 第四章,通過介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)此理論提出的質(zhì)疑和此理論尚未解決的問題,辯證地分析“原則論”并做出總體評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:The question of "what is law" can be called "Goldbach conjecture" in the field of law. As the most outstanding representative of legal positivism, Hart developed and perfected Austin's theory, creating the rules of recognition as a test of the validity of all other rules. To interpret law as a system of rules, and Dworkin has published a series of essays on this point, raised questions, ignited the flames of war, and set off a great debate in the field of law. To sum up, Dworkin takes the proposition of "principle theory" as the central axis of his thought system, discusses the view that law not only includes rules, but also includes principle and policy, and expounds the legal interpretation theory of "law as interpretation". Finally, the author puts forward the idea of integrality of law, and finally puts forward the ultimate goal of protecting human rights. This article will start from the following five parts, through the detailed elaboration of Dworkin's above thought system, tries to be able to explain Dworkin's description of "what is the law". In the foreword part, we start with Dworkin's main thought, and draw out its "principle theory", and discuss the research significance and research method of this paper. The first chapter combs the thought of principle theory. Firstly, taking Dworkin's criticism of positivism rule theory as an opportunity, it explains the practical application of principle in judicial practice with the adjudication process of two difficult cases. This paper expounds the triple dilemma and internal contradiction of positivism rule theory, and compares the legitimacy of principle as a legal component. Finally, the existence of "implied law" is put forward to prove the existence of principle. In the second chapter, I will put the principle theory into Dworkin's whole ideological and theoretical system, explain in detail the relation between the principle theory and Dworkin's main thought theory: 1, the principle theory and the explanation theory. And the principles found need to be interpreted in order to finally find the correct solution to the difficult cases. 2. The principle theory and the constitutional theory. The constitution has the status of a fundamental law and stipulates the basic human rights that should be protected. Moral interpretation of constitutional principles is an inevitable requirement for the application of the Constitution, and moral interpretation is restricted by principles. 3. Dworkin put forward the theory of principle for the protection of individual rights. Principle is the source and basis of individual right. The core of integrity is the integrity of principle, and the principle is integral. The two principles are inseparable. Through the theory of principle and interpretation, the theory of constitution. From the analysis of the relationship between the theory of right and the whole thought, we can clearly see the central position of "principle theory" in Dworkin's thought theory system. In the third chapter, I will further explain the foundation of the principles, that is, the fundamental purpose of the application of legal principles is to protect human rights, and to explain Dworkin's discussion of the two basic principles of human rights. Chapter four, by introducing the questions raised by scholars at home and abroad and the unsolved problems of the theory, we dialectically analyze the theory of principle and make a general evaluation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D90

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 雷晶;疑難案件中法官自由裁量權(quán)的終結(jié)？[D];上海交通大學(xué);2011年

2 洪媛;法律運(yùn)行中原則與政策的論證和衡量[D];蘇州大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1685765