本文選題：死刑　切入點(diǎn)：量刑　出處：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 美國(guó)是當(dāng)今唯一一個(gè)保留死刑的西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。雖然美國(guó)各個(gè)司法轄區(qū)的死刑存廢情況以及與死刑相關(guān)的程序制度各不相同,但從總體上看,美國(guó)通過憲法規(guī)則、成文法和判例法對(duì)死刑程序進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格規(guī)制,以此避免死刑的任意適用,同時(shí)確保對(duì)死刑案件的被告人進(jìn)行個(gè)別化考量。本文以美國(guó)一審死刑案件量刑程序?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,以美國(guó)憲法、判例法與成文法為研究范圍,結(jié)合當(dāng)今的司法實(shí)踐情況,重點(diǎn)論述了區(qū)別于非死刑量刑程序的美國(guó)一審死刑案件量刑程序中的特色制度。 本文共分為五章。第一章首先介紹了美國(guó)死刑問題現(xiàn)狀,并從理論與實(shí)踐角度闡釋了美國(guó)死刑存廢之爭(zhēng)的爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn),隨后說明了美國(guó)憲法對(duì)死刑案件的程序規(guī)制以及現(xiàn)代死刑訴訟制度確立的歷程。第二章重點(diǎn)論述了美國(guó)一審死刑案件的量刑主體,闡釋了死刑案件的陪審員必須具備死刑適格特征以及生存適格特征,并通過對(duì)相關(guān)判例法以及成文法的梳理說明了死刑案件的陪審員在量刑階段享有裁判權(quán)以及法官在死刑案件量刑程序中對(duì)陪審團(tuán)作出指導(dǎo)的必要性。第三章圍繞美國(guó)一審死刑案件的量刑情節(jié)與量刑步驟展開論述,首先介紹了量刑加重情節(jié)與減輕情節(jié),特別分析了被告人的潛在社會(huì)危險(xiǎn)性與被害人影響陳述這兩個(gè)特殊的加重情節(jié),之后說明了一審死刑案件的量刑程序分為死刑適格判斷與刑罰選擇程序兩個(gè)步驟,最后結(jié)合司法實(shí)踐中的實(shí)際情況闡述了一審死刑案件量刑過程中的陪審團(tuán)指示問題。第四章主要探討了美國(guó)一審死刑案件量刑程序中的律師幫助問題,闡釋了律師幫助權(quán)這種憲法權(quán)利的內(nèi)涵、死刑案件辯護(hù)律師的指定以及特殊職業(yè)要求,并且結(jié)合判例法具體分析了判斷律師有效辯護(hù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法,最后列舉了部分確定有效辯護(hù)內(nèi)容與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文件。第五章重點(diǎn)介紹了美國(guó)死刑案件被告人自愿接受死刑判決這一現(xiàn)象,具體考察了被告人自愿接受死刑判決的適格條件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與程序,指出了現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與程序的不足,展望了處理被告人自愿接受死刑判決問題的新動(dòng)向。
[Abstract]:The United States is the only Western developed country to retain the death penalty today. Although there are differences in the existence or abolition of the death penalty and the procedural systems related to the death penalty in various jurisdictions of the United States, generally speaking, the United States has adopted constitutional rules. The statute law and case law strictly regulate the death penalty procedure in order to avoid the arbitrary application of the death penalty and at the same time to ensure that the defendants of the death penalty case are considered individually. This paper takes the sentencing procedure of the death penalty case in the United States as the research object. Taking the United States Constitution, case law and statute law as the research scope, and combining with the current judicial practice, this paper focuses on the characteristic system of the sentencing procedure of the first instance death penalty cases in the United States, which is different from the non-death penalty procedure. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the current situation of the death penalty in the United States, and explains the controversial focus of the debate on the existence and abolition of the death penalty in the United States from the perspective of theory and practice. Then it explains the procedural regulation of death penalty cases in the United States Constitution and the course of establishing modern death penalty litigation system. The second chapter focuses on the sentencing subject of the death penalty cases of first instance in the United States. It is explained that jurors in death penalty cases must possess the characteristics of death penalty suitability and survival suitability. By combing the relevant case law and statutory law, the author explains that jurors in death penalty cases have jurisdiction in sentencing stage and the necessity for judges to give guidance to jurors in sentencing procedures in death penalty cases. Chapter three focuses on the necessity of giving guidance to jurors in death penalty cases. The circumstances and steps of sentencing of death penalty cases in the United States of first instance are discussed. First of all, it introduces the aggravating circumstances of sentencing and the mitigating circumstances, especially analyzes the potential social danger of the accused and the statement of the victim's influence, which are two special aggravating circumstances. After that, it explains that the sentencing procedure in the death penalty case of first instance is divided into two steps: the appropriate judgment of the death penalty and the procedure of selecting the penalty. Finally, combined with the actual situation in the judicial practice, this paper expounds the jury instruction in the sentencing process of the death penalty cases of first instance. Chapter 4th mainly discusses the problem of the lawyer's help in the sentencing procedure of the first instance death penalty cases in the United States. This paper expounds the connotation of the constitutional right of lawyer's right to help, the assignment of defense counsel in death penalty cases and the special professional requirements, and analyzes the standard and method of judging lawyer's effective defense in combination with case law. Finally, the paper enumerates some documents that determine the contents and standards of effective defense. Chapter 5th focuses on the phenomenon that the defendants in death penalty cases in the United States voluntarily accept the death penalty sentence. This paper specifically examines the criteria and procedures of the appropriate conditions for the defendant to accept the death penalty voluntarily, points out the shortcomings of the existing standards and procedures, and looks forward to the new trend of dealing with the issue of the defendant's voluntary acceptance of the death penalty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD915.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 丁海成;論死刑案件中的被害人影響證據(jù)[D];中國(guó)政法大學(xué);2011年

2 唐元華;死刑案件量刑程序的模式選擇[D];湘潭大學(xué);2011年

3 王戩;死刑量刑程序研究[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1583353