本文關(guān)鍵詞： 夏河藏族糾紛解決 習(xí)慣法 國(guó)家法 協(xié)調(diào)與互動(dòng)　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：對(duì)于“他者”糾紛解決過程的研究,一直是人類學(xué)家,尤其是法律人類學(xué)家的主要關(guān)注對(duì)象。在我國(guó),自中華人民共和國(guó)成立以來,在民族區(qū)域自治的基本政治制度下,傳統(tǒng)人類學(xué)研究中的“他者”和“我者”變成了同一時(shí)代的人。在這種背景下,選擇夏河藏族這樣一個(gè)頗具代表性、又較為低廉、便捷的“家鄉(xiāng)式”研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其新時(shí)期的糾紛解決方式進(jìn)行分析和研究,不僅能夠正確認(rèn)識(shí)不同知識(shí)體系在糾紛解決過程中的價(jià)值,而且有利于平衡保護(hù)民族多元文化與國(guó)家法制統(tǒng)一之間的矛盾,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)民族和諧與社會(huì)安定。在研究過程中,為了全方位、多角度地呈現(xiàn)夏河藏族的糾紛解決方式,除堅(jiān)持根本的馬克思主義的世界觀和方法論之外,還綜合使用了包括田野調(diào)查法、文獻(xiàn)研究法、功能分析法、案例研究法及問卷調(diào)查法等在內(nèi)的多種研究方法。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在夏河藏族的糾紛解決方式當(dāng)中,既有源自“習(xí)慣法”體系的,也有源自“國(guó)家法”體系的�！傲�(xí)慣法”體系中的糾紛解決方式主要包括“群體械斗”、“多元化的民間調(diào)解”、“吃咒”等,而“國(guó)家法”體系中的糾紛解決方式則以訴訟為典型代表。由于不同類型的糾紛解決方式在形成原因、文化背景、適用范圍、運(yùn)作方式、實(shí)際效果及發(fā)展前景等方面各不相同,因此,它們?cè)谙暮硬刈宓募m紛解決過程中雖“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)共存”,但沖突與碰撞不斷,這種現(xiàn)象從根本上導(dǎo)致了夏河藏族糾紛解決秩序的混亂�；诖�,在新的社會(huì)條件下,我們既要關(guān)注“習(xí)慣法”體系中糾紛解決方式的合法性,又要考慮“國(guó)家法”體系中糾紛解決方式的有效性；既要關(guān)注夏河藏族傳統(tǒng)糾紛解決文化的傳承,又要考慮社會(huì)主義法制在民族地區(qū)的統(tǒng)一適用。而要達(dá)到此目的,必須在堅(jiān)持民族區(qū)域自治制度的前提下,遵循國(guó)家司法權(quán)統(tǒng)一、各民族一律平等、“弱式的”的法律多元等基本原則,通過具體措施的采取以實(shí)現(xiàn)不同類型糾紛解決方式之間的“協(xié)調(diào)與互動(dòng)”。除緒論和結(jié)語外,整個(gè)研究可以分為三個(gè)部分,共五章：第一部分(第一、二章)是現(xiàn)狀描述。這部分以“淺描+深描”的手法,不僅在宏觀上向人們展示了夏河藏族糾紛解決方式的多元化事實(shí)及其形成原因,而且結(jié)合具體個(gè)案,對(duì)當(dāng)前在夏河藏族糾紛解決過程中重要而典型的“群體械斗”、“多元化的民間調(diào)解”、“吃咒”及“訴訟”等糾紛解決方式進(jìn)行了文化解釋。第二部分(第三章)是問題分析。這部分將夏河藏族的糾紛解決方式分為“習(xí)慣法”和“國(guó)家法”兩種不同體系,分別對(duì)“習(xí)慣法”體系中的“群體械斗”、“多元化的民間調(diào)解”、“吃咒”及“國(guó)家法”體系中的訴訟在當(dāng)前糾紛解決過程中存在的問題進(jìn)行了分析。第三部分(第四、五章)是對(duì)策建議。這部分內(nèi)容既涉及到不同類型糾紛解決方式的自我完善與發(fā)展,又涉及到不同知識(shí)體系中糾紛解決方式之間的“協(xié)調(diào)與互動(dòng)”。一方面,在新的社會(huì)時(shí)期,不同類型的糾紛解決方式有著不同的發(fā)展前景和命運(yùn)。一些被國(guó)家法所明確禁止的糾紛解決方式,如復(fù)仇、“群體械斗”等會(huì)逐漸退出歷史舞臺(tái)；一些受民族歷史文化支撐且國(guó)家法未明文禁止的糾紛解決方式,如“多元化的民間調(diào)解”、“吃咒”等不僅可以在一定范圍內(nèi)繼續(xù)適用,而且能夠作為新的社會(huì)治理方式而被采納；而由國(guó)家法建構(gòu)起來的訴訟,則應(yīng)當(dāng)在適用過程中尊重和考慮夏河藏族的傳統(tǒng)文化,以減少和緩解其在糾紛解決實(shí)踐中所遭遇的“文化沖突”。另一方面,隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和法治的發(fā)展,“習(xí)慣法”與“國(guó)家法”之間的有機(jī)結(jié)合與良性互動(dòng)將是夏河藏族糾紛解決的最佳方式。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)不同知識(shí)體系中糾紛解決方式的“協(xié)調(diào)與互動(dòng)”,應(yīng)該以“差異性的相容”為基本理念,對(duì)夏河藏族糾紛解決過程中“習(xí)慣法”與“國(guó)家法”“協(xié)調(diào)與互動(dòng)”的可行性、應(yīng)遵循的原則及具體途徑進(jìn)行探討。值得注意的是,夏河藏族在糾紛解決過程中面臨的問題在整個(gè)甘、青藏區(qū)、甚至全國(guó)藏區(qū)都普遍存在,只是在表現(xiàn)形式、影響程度等方面略有差異。也正因如此,對(duì)于夏河藏族糾紛解決方式的研究,對(duì)于新時(shí)期整個(gè)藏族在糾紛解決過程中如何正確處理“習(xí)慣法”與“國(guó)家法”之間的關(guān)系都有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:To solve the process of study for the "other" disputes, has been an anthropologist, especially the focus of legal anthropologists. In our country, since People's Republic of China was established, the basic political system of regional ethnic autonomy under the traditional anthropological research in "he" and "I" into the same age people. In this context, such a selection of Tibetan representative, and relatively cheap, convenient "home" the object of study, the new period of dispute resolution for analysis and research, can not only correct understanding of different knowledge system in the process of solving disputes in value, but also conducive to balance the contradiction between the protection of ethnic cultural diversity and the unity of the state legal system, finally realizing the ethnic harmony and social stability. In the course of the study, in order to resolve all-round, multi angle presented Tibetan dispute In addition, adhere to the fundamental of Marx's world outlook and methodology, but also includes the integrated use of field survey method, literature research method, functional analysis, case study and questionnaire investigation, a variety of research methods. Through the study found that in the Tibetan way to solve the dispute, is from "the customary law system, also from the" national law "system." customary law "in the system of dispute resolution includes" violent groups "," diversified civil mediation "," eat "Curse", and the system of national law "in solving disputes by litigation representative because of the different types of dispute resolution in the cause of formation, cultural background, scope, mode of operation, the actual effect and development prospects and other aspects are different, therefore, they are in Tibetan dispute resolution process is" co competition "But the conflict and collision, this phenomenon leads to the disorder of the Tibetan fundamentally solve disputes. Based on this, in the new social conditions, we should pay attention to the legitimacy of the dispute of" customary law "system solution, but also consider the effectiveness of the dispute system of state law in solving the way; not only focus on Tibetan traditional culture inheritance disputes, but also consider the unity of socialist legal system in ethnic minority areas. To achieve this goal, must adhere to the system of regional ethnic autonomy, according to the national unified judicial power, all ethnic groups are equal and the basic principle of" weak "legal pluralism so, through the specific measures taken to achieve different types of way to solve the dispute between the" coordination and interaction ". Besides the introduction and the conclusion, the study can be divided into three parts: the first part consists of five chapters. Points (the first, second chapter) is description of the status quo. In this part, "shallow description + deepdescription" approach, not only in the macro to showcase the Tibetan style in diversified dispute resolution and its causes, and combined with the specific case, the current in the Tibetan settlement of disputes in the process of important and typical "violent groups", "diversified civil mediation", "eat curse" and "litigation and dispute resolution for the cultural explanation. The second part (the third chapter) is problem analysis. This part of the Tibetan dispute resolution is divided into" customary law "and" national law "two different systems, respectively" the customary law of "system", "violent groups" diversified civil mediation "," eat curse "and the" national law "in the system of litigation in the current dispute solve the problems in the process were analyzed. The third part (the fourth, fifth chapter ) is the countermeasures. This part is related to the different types of dispute settlement to self-improvement and development, and involves different knowledge systems in solving disputes between the "coordination and interaction". On the one hand, in the new period, different ways of solving disputes have different development prospect and destiny. Some way to solve the state law explicitly banned by disputes such as revenge, "group fights" will gradually withdraw from the stage of history; some of the national historical and cultural support and the state law does not expressly prohibit the settlement of disputes, such as "diverse folk mediation", "eat curse" can not only continue to be used in a certain range inside, and it can be adopted as a new way of social governance; constructed by the state law litigation, should respect and consideration of Tibetan traditional culture in the process of the application, in order to reduce and The ease in resolving disputes in practice encountered "cultural conflict". On the other hand, with the development of society and the rule of law, "the organic combination between the customary law and national law and the benign interaction will be the best way to solve the disputes of Xiahe. In order to achieve different knowledge system in the way of settling the dispute" coordination and interaction "should be" compatible "differences as the basic idea of Tibetan settlement of disputes in the process of" customary law "and" law "and" coordination and interaction "and the feasibility, specific ways should follow the principle of discussion. It is worth noting that the Tibetan in the dispute settlement process problems in the whole Gansu, Qinghai Tibet region and even the whole country, Tibet are common, only in the form of expression, and the influenced degree is slightly different. Because of this, the Tibetan dispute resolution. In the new period, how to correctly handle the relationship between "customary law" and "state law" in the process of dispute settlement in the new period is of reference significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D920.4

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1554122