本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公司 公司律 公司律調(diào)查案 公司條例 合伙制　出處：《中國政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： “公司”一詞是西方舶來品。傳統(tǒng)中國并不缺乏商業(yè)經(jīng)營的歷史,但卻未能從內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生公司制度及公司法。公司及公司法傳入中國,是中國遭遇西方的結(jié)果。自1840年中國在鴉片戰(zhàn)爭中失敗后,西方的思想、文化伴隨著商品及堅船利炮一同傳入中國。19世紀(jì)末,中國開始了被后人稱為法制現(xiàn)代化的進程,公司法的移植就是這其中的一個組成部分。中國近代首部公司立法——《公司律》頒布于1904年。當(dāng)時的清政府希望借修律維護統(tǒng)治,而修律的核心是向西方法律學(xué)習(xí)。因此,公司律的大部分條文經(jīng)由翻譯西方法律而來,但卻在一定程度上脫離中國社會的現(xiàn)實,忽略中國傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)習(xí)慣,使得新制度與現(xiàn)有的商業(yè)規(guī)則缺乏有效銜接和順利過渡。相比較當(dāng)時封建小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟仍占主流,整個社會經(jīng)濟還不發(fā)達的狀況,《公司律》的規(guī)定無疑是過分超前于整個時代的。正是由于《公司律》的以上弊端,各地商會決定聯(lián)合起來,實際訪查商事習(xí)慣,參照各國最新立法例,自行編纂商法草案,發(fā)起了商人自訂商法的活動,并于1907年和1909年召開商法討論大會。大會經(jīng)由討論,制定出《商法總則》與《公司律調(diào)查案》,并送交清政府呈請施行。《公司律調(diào)查案》對1904年《公司律》作出較大修改,不管是整部法律的框架體系還是具體的條文規(guī)定。它在廣泛考察中國社會商業(yè)習(xí)慣的基礎(chǔ)上制定而成,先有民間調(diào)查而后制定調(diào)整規(guī)則,因此更加貼近社會現(xiàn)實、更利于法律實施。《公司律調(diào)查案》在公司法立法史中的地位舉足輕重。它開創(chuàng)了商人參與立法的先河,商人參加立法與僅僅由政府官員或者法學(xué)家立法相比更為合理,原因在于:“商法既為保護商人,推廣貿(mào)易之用,則編纂商法之事,自于商人之利害較切�！闭且驗橐陨蟽�(yōu)點,《公司法調(diào)查案》成為1914年頒布的《公司條例》雛形。該條例無論是體例、內(nèi)容或用語,均與《公司法調(diào)查案》相似或相同,只是部分內(nèi)容有所增刪,如增加保護善意第三人、貫徹意思自治原則的條款等。通過對公司法條文的比較分析及當(dāng)時典型企業(yè)的商業(yè)實踐,可以從公司法的產(chǎn)生動力、本土資源與外來模式、官商關(guān)系等方面得到一些有益的啟示,從而對清末民初進行公司法移植的過程有更為深入全面的了解。
[Abstract]:The term "company" is imported from the West. The traditional China is not short of the history of commercial operation, but it has failed to produce the company system and company law from the inside, and the company and company law have been introduced into China. Since the defeat of China in the Opium War in 1840, Western ideas and culture were introduced into China at the end of the 19th century along with commodities and strong ships and guns, and China began the process of modernization of the legal system called by later generations. The transplantation of company law is one of these components. The first company legislation in modern China was promulgated in 1904. At that time, the Qing government wanted to use the law to maintain the rule, and the core of the law revision was to learn from western law. Most of the articles of the company law come through the translation of western laws, but to some extent they are divorced from the reality of Chinese society and ignore the traditional Chinese business habits. This made the new system lack of effective connection and smooth transition with the existing commercial rules. Compared with the feudal small-scale peasant economy at that time, the feudal small-scale peasant economy still dominated the mainstream. The state of the whole society and economy is still underdeveloped, and the provisions of the "Company Law" are undoubtedly too far ahead of the entire era. It is precisely because of the above drawbacks of the "Company Law" that local chambers of commerce have decided to unite and actually visit commercial habits. In the light of the latest legislative acts of various countries, the preparation of the draft commercial law by themselves, the launching of a commercial custom commercial law initiative and the convening of a commercial law discussion conference on 1907 and 1909, which was discussed at the General Assembly, The General principles of Commercial Law and the investigation of Company Law were formulated and sent to the Qing government for execution. Whether it is the framework system of the whole law or the specific provisions. It has been formulated on the basis of a broad examination of the commercial habits of Chinese society. It has a folk survey and then formulates the adjustment rules, so it is closer to the social reality. "investigation of Company Law" plays an important role in the legislative history of company law. It pioneers the participation of businessmen in legislation, which is more reasonable than merely legislating by government officials or jurists. The reason is: "the commercial law is used to protect merchants and promote trade, so it is a matter of codifying commercial law." It is precisely because of the above advantages that the Company Law investigation case became the embryonic form of the Company Ordinance promulgated in 1914. Whether it is style, content or terminology, it is similar or identical to the Company Law investigation case. Only some of the contents have been added and deleted, such as increasing the protection of bona fide third parties, implementing the provisions of the principle of autonomy of will, etc. Through the comparative analysis of the provisions of the Company Law and the commercial practice of typical enterprises at that time, we can derive the motive force from the Company Law. Local resources and foreign models, official and commercial relations and other aspects to get some useful enlightenment, so that the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China to carry out a more in-depth understanding of the process of corporate law transplantation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.291.91;D929

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本文編號：1533206