本文關(guān)鍵詞： 孟德斯鳩 法意 立法者 政體原則 中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文主要以孟德斯鳩的《論法的精神》為文本研究對(duì)象，通過對(duì)《論法的精神》的內(nèi)在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的梳理和分析，來探究孟德斯鳩“法意”觀的真諦。 本文結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下： 引言。說明本文的研究對(duì)象和研究方法，國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外學(xué)者對(duì)孟德斯鳩思想的研究現(xiàn)狀，同時(shí)重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)本文的創(chuàng)新之處，即通過對(duì)《論法的精神》的宏觀脈絡(luò)和微觀細(xì)節(jié)的研究來分析《論法的精神》的內(nèi)在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，繼而把握孟德斯鳩“法意”觀的真諦。 第一部分，導(dǎo)論。在這一部分，作者指出了研究孟德斯鳩“法意”觀的切入點(diǎn)是《論法的精神》的內(nèi)在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，并將其具體細(xì)致地表述出來。 第二部分，孟德斯鳩“法意”觀的思想基礎(chǔ)。在這一部分中，作者主要通過對(duì)《論法的精神》第一章、第二十六章和第二十九章的深入分析，從孟德斯鳩對(duì)“法”即“必然關(guān)系”的理解，對(duì)人性的理解，對(duì)世界上各種法律的劃分和這些法律之間的關(guān)系以及對(duì)立法者所應(yīng)具備的素質(zhì)、立法的內(nèi)容等四方面，介紹孟德斯鳩“法意”觀的思想基礎(chǔ)。之后孟德斯鳩對(duì)“法意”的主要要素進(jìn)行了安排：首先，他考察了政體的性質(zhì)和政體的原則，并指出教育和法律是影響政體原則的重要因素。其次，他考察了國(guó)與國(guó)之間的攻擊和防御關(guān)系。第三，他旗幟鮮明地指出了自己政治理想中的絕對(duì)性目標(biāo)，即寬和政體和政治自由。第四，政體的寬和度和政治的自由度要視每一個(gè)國(guó)家的國(guó)情而定，而一國(guó)對(duì)政體寬和度和政治自由度有深刻影響的因素包括：氣候、土壤、民族的一般精神、貿(mào)易、人口、宗教等方面。因此這就形成了以政體原則為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，以寬和政體為目標(biāo)，綜合考慮一國(guó)的具體國(guó)情的立法思維。 第三部分，孟德斯鳩的“法意”觀對(duì)立法者立法的指導(dǎo)作用。一方面，，孟德斯鳩有世界情懷和人類情懷，因此他對(duì)世界各國(guó)的立法者提出了一些原則性的建議。另一方面，孟德斯鳩也有著強(qiáng)烈的愛國(guó)情懷，對(duì)法國(guó)未來的發(fā)展也有很深刻的見解。因此，他主要借助歷史的視角，向法國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)的立法者提供了立法建議。 第四部分，孟德斯鳩“法意”觀對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)的借鑒意義。在該部分中，作者重點(diǎn)從孟德斯鳩思想中的精華——“關(guān)系論”思想和政體原則的重要作用談起，分析中國(guó)立法者為人民代表和中國(guó)立法目標(biāo)是建立法治社會(huì)的重要意義，深信中國(guó)的立法者在明了中國(guó)的“法意”之后，必將最終實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家！
[Abstract]:This article mainly takes Montesquieu's Spirit of the Theory of Law as the textual research object, through combing and analyzing the internal logical structure of the Spirit of the Theory of Law, to probe into the true meaning of Montesquieu's view of "law meaning". The structure of this paper is as follows:. Introduction. Explain the research object and research methods of this paper, the current situation of Montesquieu's thought by domestic and foreign scholars, at the same time, emphasize the innovation of this article, This is to analyze the inner logical structure of the Spirit of Law by studying the macro context and micro details of the Spirit of Law, and then to grasp the true meaning of Montesquieu's view of "the meaning of law". In this part, the author points out that the starting point of Montesquieu's view of "law meaning" is the inner logical structure of "the spirit of theory of law", and expresses it in detail. The second part is the ideological basis of Montesquieu's idea of "law meaning". In this part, the author mainly analyzes the first chapter, 26th chapter and 29th chapter of "on the Spirit of Law". From four aspects, Montesquieu's understanding of "law", namely "inevitable relationship", the understanding of human nature, the division of various laws in the world and the relationship between these laws, the quality of legislators, the content of legislation, etc. This paper introduces the ideological basis of Montesquieu's idea of "law and meaning". Then Montesquieu arranges the main elements of "law and meaning": first, he examines the nature of the regime and the principles of the system of government. He also pointed out that education and law were important factors affecting the principles of government. Secondly, he examined the relations of aggression and defense between nations. Thirdly, he clearly pointed out the absolute goal of his political ideal, That is, leniency and political freedom. 4th, the degree of leniency and political freedom of government depends on the national conditions of each country, and the factors that a country has a profound influence on the degree of leniency and political freedom of government include: climate, soil, The general spirit of the nation, trade, population, religion and so on. Therefore, this has formed the legislative thinking that takes the polity principle as the starting point, takes the broadness and the regime as the goal, synthetically considers the specific national conditions of a country. The third part, Montesquieu's "law meaning" view to legislator's guidance function. On the one hand, Montesquieu has world feelings and human feelings, so he put forward some suggestions of principle to the legislators all over the world, on the other hand, Montesquieu also had strong patriotic feelings and profound views on the future development of France. In the 4th part, Montesquieu's idea of "law and meaning" is used for reference in contemporary China. In this part, the author focuses on the important role of the essence of Montesquieu's thought "relation theory" and the principle of polity. It is important to analyze that Chinese legislators are the people's representatives and the legislative target of China to establish a society ruled by law. It is believed that the legislators in China will finally realize the socialist country ruled by law with Chinese characteristics after knowing the "law meaning" of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D909.1

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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