本文關(guān)鍵詞： 信任 法律信任 法律文化　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)下,我國(guó)信任資源的缺乏已成為共識(shí),在這種大背景下,法律也成為不被信任的對(duì)象,我們從“信訪潮”、“大調(diào)解”、“執(zhí)行難”等與法律有關(guān)現(xiàn)象中可以深切的體會(huì)到法律所面臨的信任危機(jī)。法律何以不被信任?這一疑問(wèn)也就凸顯在我們面前,筆者試圖通過(guò)信任相關(guān)理論對(duì)這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析。本文分為四個(gè)部分：第一部分,從信任的一般原理出發(fā)分析信任及其與法律的關(guān)系。首先,從信任的研究現(xiàn)狀中分析信任自身的產(chǎn)生前提、功能及其定義與分類,為進(jìn)一步分析法律信任問(wèn)題做好鋪墊；其次,從信任與法律的關(guān)系入手探討其內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián),一方面,法律為社會(huì)信任提供保證,法律信任為現(xiàn)代信任機(jī)制提供支持,另一方面,從法律自身的合法性這一古老而又常青的話題入手,分析法律合法性的實(shí)質(zhì)與法律權(quán)威所賴以存在的前提,得出它們都與法律信任的問(wèn)題有著密切的聯(lián)系,是法律在以不同的樣態(tài)尋求信任。第二部分,從現(xiàn)象上分析法律不被信任的三個(gè)焦點(diǎn)實(shí)例�！靶旁L潮”從表面上看僅是上訪者對(duì)法律權(quán)威的不信任及對(duì)“另一種較大權(quán)威”的追逐,但追根溯源,上訪卻顯示了執(zhí)政者對(duì)法律的不信任,主要是對(duì)建立法律制度的不信任,其次才在此基礎(chǔ)上導(dǎo)致了上訪者對(duì)法律的不信任；“大調(diào)解”原本所要追求的“案結(jié)事了”效果最終卻是事與愿違,這樣的現(xiàn)象不免引起我們內(nèi)心的疑問(wèn),這也促使我們不得不重新審視我們現(xiàn)有的“大調(diào)解”并反思最終背離初衷的結(jié)果出現(xiàn)的根本原因；“執(zhí)行難”是在法院調(diào)審結(jié)果確定下后的一大痼疾,眾多已經(jīng)具有執(zhí)行效力的案件無(wú)法得到圓滿的結(jié)案,法院的判決成為了“法律白條”,這是對(duì)法律效力的不信任,也是對(duì)法律權(quán)威的最大挑釁。第三部分,從三個(gè)層面上分析法律不被信任的原因。社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型是法律不被信任的背景因素,社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的大背景使得社會(huì)分化進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致矛盾的對(duì)立與激化,法律信任的建構(gòu)正是處在這種利益分化與對(duì)立的夾縫之中；我國(guó)固有的思想文化傳統(tǒng)使得我國(guó)法律文化中對(duì)法律的邊緣化與工具化,再加上我們現(xiàn)代法律的建立對(duì)于本土化的不適應(yīng),使得法律信任的建立處在堅(jiān)石之上；法律自身的局限性,表現(xiàn)為法律的技術(shù)理性最終使得其與人的分離,同時(shí)使得法律人的職業(yè)藍(lán)圖與人的生活相分離。第四部分,從三個(gè)角度嘗試對(duì)法律如何獲得信任的途徑進(jìn)行建構(gòu)。針對(duì)前文法律不被信任的現(xiàn)象及原因,首先是法律文化觀念的更新,即“法律神圣”觀念的踐行,其次是法律合理性制度的建設(shè),最后是對(duì)法律自身道德性的反思,即法律及法律人應(yīng)當(dāng)保持自恃的態(tài)度才是喚起人們法律信任的必由之路。
[Abstract]:At present, the lack of trust resources in our country has become a consensus, in this context, the law has become the object of not to be trusted, we from "petition tide", "great mediation". "difficult to enforce" and other phenomena related to law can deeply understand the crisis of trust faced by law. How can law not be trusted? This question is highlighted in front of us. The author tries to analyze the problem through the theory of trust. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part. The relationship between trust and law is analyzed from the general principle of trust. Firstly, the premise, function, definition and classification of trust itself are analyzed from the present situation of trust research. To lay the groundwork for further analysis of legal trust; Secondly, the relationship between trust and law is discussed. On the one hand, law provides guarantee for social trust, legal trust provides support for modern trust mechanism, on the other hand. Starting from the ancient and evergreen topic of the legitimacy of law itself, this paper analyzes the essence of legal legitimacy and the premise of the existence of legal authority, and draws a conclusion that they are closely related to the problem of legal trust. It is the law that seeks trust in different ways. The second part. This paper analyzes three focal examples of the law not to be trusted from the phenomenon. On the surface, the "petition tide" is only the petitioner's distrust of the legal authority and the pursuit of "another kind of larger authority", but it is traced back to the source. The petition shows that the government does not trust the law, mainly on the establishment of the legal system, and then leads to the distrust of the law by the petitioners on this basis. "Great mediation" originally to pursue the "case concluded" effect is ultimately counterproductive, such a phenomenon can not help but cause our inner question. This also urges us to re-examine our existing "Great Mediation" and reflect on the root causes of the ultimate deviation from the original intention. "the difficulty of execution" is a chronic disease after the result of court investigation and trial. Many cases which already have the effect of execution can not be satisfactorily concluded, and the judgment of the court has become a "law white article". This is the distrust of the legal effect and the greatest provocation to the legal authority. The third part analyzes the reasons why the law is not trusted from three levels. The social transformation is the background factor of the law not to be trusted. The background of social transformation makes the social differentiation and then leads to the contradiction of opposites and intensifies. The construction of legal trust lies in the gap between this kind of benefit differentiation and opposition. The inherent ideological and cultural tradition of our country makes the legal culture of our country marginalized and instrumentalized, and the establishment of our modern law does not adapt to the localization, which makes the establishment of legal trust on the solid stone; The limitation of law itself is that the technical rationality of law finally separates it from human being, and at the same time, it makes the professional blueprint of legal person separate from human life. Part 4th. This paper tries to construct the way of how to obtain the trust of law from three angles. In view of the phenomenon and reason that the law is not trusted, the first is the renewal of the concept of legal culture, that is, the practice of the concept of "legal sanctity". The second is the construction of the legal rationality system, and finally the reflection on the morality of the law itself, that is, the only way to arouse people's legal trust is that the law and the legal person should keep their own attitude.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D90-052

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本文編號(hào)：1491806