發(fā)布時間：2018-01-19 05:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 輔助技術(shù) 法律 美國　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 技術(shù)不僅僅是經(jīng)濟、教育和創(chuàng)新最為主要的推動力之一,而且可以幫助殘疾人更多地參與早期干預(yù)、教育、康復(fù)訓(xùn)練、就業(yè)、居家、獨立生活和休閑娛樂等活動中從而可以與社會其他人士一樣充分享受其獨立生活的權(quán)利、自我決定及選擇的權(quán)利、受教育的權(quán)利、從事有意義職業(yè)的權(quán)利和充分融入主流社會各領(lǐng)域的權(quán)利。經(jīng)過數(shù)十年的發(fā)展與實踐,輔助技術(shù)在以上領(lǐng)域中已經(jīng)越來越凸顯出重要性。目前,世界一些發(fā)達國家和地區(qū)已經(jīng)通過立法保障殘疾人獲得和使用輔助技術(shù)的權(quán)利,從而推動了輔助技術(shù)事業(yè)的進步和促進了殘疾人更全面、充分地融入社會。 在美國輔助技術(shù)法律研究領(lǐng)域,系統(tǒng)和深入的研究極為缺乏。國外已有的研究多著重于獲得輔助技術(shù)的資金來源與單一法律的介紹或多個相關(guān)法律的簡單羅列。本研究運用歷史研究、文獻研究和比較研究等研究方法通過對美國輔助技術(shù)相關(guān)法律的梳理,著重探討其作為整體從各個層面對殘疾人輔助技術(shù)需求的滿足和對輔助技術(shù)事業(yè)的推動以及各相關(guān)法律之間的溯源與關(guān)聯(lián),并以美國輔助技術(shù)立法經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合我國當前輔助技術(shù)與輔助技術(shù)法律政策現(xiàn)狀,提出相關(guān)建議。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在當前,通過立法保障殘疾人獲得和使用輔助技術(shù)方面,美國已經(jīng)遠遠走在了世界的前列。通過以《輔助技術(shù)法案》、《康復(fù)法案》、《殘疾人教育法案》和《美國殘疾人法案》為主的立法的相關(guān)規(guī)定,殘疾人在康復(fù)、教育、就業(yè)和社會生活的諸多領(lǐng)域的輔助技術(shù)需求得以被保障。更為重要的是,這些有關(guān)輔助技術(shù)的立法不僅從資金上保障對殘疾人輔助技術(shù)需求的滿足,而且從教育培訓(xùn)、研發(fā)、信息服務(wù)、機構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)、維權(quán)和政策反思等諸多方面全面促進輔助技術(shù)事業(yè)的進步。隨著我國殘疾人工作的推進,輔助技術(shù)在縮小殘疾人生活狀況與社會平均水平間差距、促進殘疾人平等和全面地參與社會生活中的重要性也越來越得到重視。但是在通過立法保障殘疾人輔助技術(shù)需求方面,我國目前距離發(fā)達國家還有不小的差距。為進一步完善殘疾人法律法規(guī)體系,包括輔助技術(shù)相關(guān)法律、法規(guī)與政策,有必要對先進國家的輔助技術(shù)立法與實施進行研究,予以借鑒。 本研究對美國涉及輔助技術(shù)的主要法律在立法背景、法律規(guī)定的重要計劃與行動、撥款、執(zhí)行及效果和相關(guān)局限等方面進行了深入地研究,對美國輔助技術(shù)法律對輔助技術(shù)事業(yè)在技術(shù)研發(fā)、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)供給、信息服務(wù)和人員培訓(xùn)等環(huán)節(jié)的促進進行了分析,總結(jié)出美國輔助技術(shù)法律體系通過其完備性、資金保障、嚴格的執(zhí)行、對各類殘疾人群的關(guān)照、對輔助技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)各環(huán)節(jié)的統(tǒng)籌以及適時的修訂對輔助技術(shù)事業(yè)的整體推動。同時對比我國的輔助技術(shù)政策現(xiàn)狀提出建議,即繼續(xù)加強法制建設(shè)并明確輔助技術(shù)在促進殘疾人全面康復(fù)中的重要性、兼顧輔助技術(shù)事業(yè)各領(lǐng)域與環(huán)節(jié)的發(fā)展、加大相關(guān)法律法規(guī)及政策的執(zhí)行力度以及注重對相關(guān)法律法規(guī)的及時修訂。
[Abstract]:Technology is not only one of the main driving force of the economy, education and innovation, and help more people with disabilities to participate in early intervention, rehabilitation, education, employment, living, independent living and leisure and entertainment activities which can charge the same with other members of society enjoy their independent living rights, self-determination rights and choice and the right to education, the right to engage in meaningful occupation and fully integrated into the mainstream society in various fields to the right. After decades of development and practice, assistive technology in these areas has been increasingly highlighted. At present, some developed countries and regions have been through legislation to protect the disabled access and use of assistive technology rights. Assistive technology so as to promote the cause of progress and promote the disabled more comprehensive, fully integrated into the society.
In the United States legal assistant technology research, systematic and thorough research is very lack. Many foreign researchers focus on access to assistive technology funding sources and single or multiple law introduced relevant laws simply. This study uses historical research, literature research and comparative research methods based on the auxiliary technology the research of the relevant laws, discusses its as a whole from all levels of satisfaction and assistive technology needs of assistive technology career promotion and among the various relevant laws and tracing the association, and the experience of American assistive technology legislation as the basis, combined with China's current status of auxiliary technology and assistive technology laws and policies, and puts forward relevant suggestions.
The study found that, at present, through legislation to protect the disabled access and use of assistive technology, the United States is at the forefront of the world. By using the assistive technology act < > >, < < the Rehabilitation Act, the relevant provisions of the Education Act "and" the Americans with Disabilities Act > based legislation, the disabled rehabilitation education. Is the security needs of assistive technology in many fields of employment and social life to be. More importantly, these assistive technology legislation not only from the funds to protect the assistive technology needs to meet, but also from the education and training, research and development, information services, institutional coordination, rights and policy aspects of comprehensive promotion of assistive technology the progress of the cause of the disabled in China. With the promotion of assistive technology in narrowing the gap between the living conditions of people with disabilities and the average level of society, promote the equality and full participation The importance of social life is getting more and more attention. But through legislation to protect the assistive technology demand, our country at present from developed countries and there is not a small gap. In order to further improve the legal system of the disabled, including assistive technology related laws, regulations and policies, it is necessary to assist technical legislation in advanced countries were studied. With the implementation of reference.
This research is mainly on the United States law relates to the auxiliary technology in the legislative background, important plans and actions, the law grants, in-depth study and implement effects and restrictions on American laws on assistive technology assistive technology career in technology research and development, product and service supply, information services and personnel training etc. promote are analyzed, summed up the legal system of American assistive technology through its completeness, financial security, strict execution of all kinds of people with disabilities care, for each part of the auxiliary technology industry and the revision of the overall plan for the promotion of the cause of assistive technology. At the same time propose contrast assistive technology policy current situation of our country, i.e. continue to strengthen the construction of legal system and clear auxiliary technology to promote the importance of comprehensive rehabilitation of the disabled, taking into account the assistive technology in various fields and aspects of career development, increase The enforcement of relevant laws and regulations and policies as well as the timely revision of relevant laws and regulations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D971.2;D920.0
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本文編號：1442853