發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-07 19:52

【摘要】： “黑社會性質(zhì)組織”這一概念是我國刑法所獨(dú)創(chuàng),但刑法和相關(guān)法律解釋對黑社會性質(zhì)組織的特征尤其是組織特征卻描述地過于抽象和模糊,以致理論界和司法實(shí)踐界在黑社會性質(zhì)組織的認(rèn)定上一直爭議不斷。正是由于在立法上缺乏一套具有可操作性的量化標(biāo)準(zhǔn),導(dǎo)致司法實(shí)踐中很難做到對黑社會性質(zhì)組織的組織特征進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確把握,極易將其與相關(guān)概念混淆。 針對上述問題,學(xué)術(shù)界很多學(xué)者試圖從所謂的“立法原意”中去探尋黑社會性質(zhì)組織的組織特征的內(nèi)涵,進(jìn)而統(tǒng)一學(xué)術(shù)界對該問題的認(rèn)識,但大都效果甚微。究其因,主要在于現(xiàn)實(shí)中黑社會性質(zhì)組織的表現(xiàn)形式復(fù)雜多樣,再加之學(xué)者各自觀察的角度和理解的深度各有不同,以致他們在探求所謂的“立法原意”的同時(shí),自覺不自覺地加入了自身的主觀判斷。事實(shí)上,立法者自身在黑社會性質(zhì)組織的概念和組織特征的認(rèn)識上亦是模糊的,單從所謂的“立法原意”去探求黑社會性質(zhì)組織的內(nèi)涵和組織特征是很難實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo)的。因此,有必要跳出以往的思維屏障,大膽地回到組織社會學(xué)中去探尋黑社會性質(zhì)組織的組織特征的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。為此,須從組織社會學(xué)學(xué)科內(nèi)挖掘出一套描述黑社會性質(zhì)組織的組織特征的概念體系,它們分別由組織目標(biāo)、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、組織規(guī)模和組織過程四大類概念構(gòu)成。此套概念是文中描述黑社會性質(zhì)組織的組織社會學(xué)特征、司法機(jī)關(guān)在認(rèn)定黑社會性質(zhì)組織組織特征認(rèn)定上的分歧以及黑社會性質(zhì)組織的組織特征的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基本元素。文中首先在兩個(gè)個(gè)案中描述了黑社會性質(zhì)組織的組織社會學(xué)特征以及司法機(jī)關(guān)在黑社會性質(zhì)組織的組織特征認(rèn)定上的分歧,然后總結(jié)出黑社會性質(zhì)組織的組織特征的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),最后用該套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將黑社會性質(zhì)組織與黑惡勢力及普通犯罪集團(tuán)等相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行區(qū)分。
[Abstract]:The concept of "underworld organization" was originally created by the criminal law of our country, but the characteristics of the underworld organization, especially the organizational characteristics, are so abstract and vague that the theoretical circle and the judicial practice circle have been controversial on the identification of the underworld organization. It is precisely because of the lack of a set of operable quantitative standards in legislation that it is difficult to accurately grasp the organizational characteristics of underworld organizations in judicial practice and easily confuse them with related concepts. In view of the above problems, many scholars in academic circles try to explore the connotation of the organizational characteristics of underworld organizations from the so-called "legislative intent", and then unify the academic understanding of this problem, but most of them have little effect. The main reason lies in the complexity and diversity of the forms of underworld organizations in reality, and the different angles of observation and the depth of understanding of scholars, so that they consciously join their own subjective judgment while exploring the so-called "original intention of legislation". In fact, the legislator's own understanding of the concept and organizational characteristics of underworld organizations is also vague. It is difficult to achieve the expected goals by simply exploring the connotation and organizational characteristics of underworld organizations from the so-called "legislative intent". Therefore, it is necessary to jump out of the previous thinking barrier and boldly return to organizational sociology to explore the criteria for the identification of the organizational characteristics of underworld organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to excavate a set of conceptual systems to describe the organizational characteristics of underworld organizations from the subject of organizational sociology, which are composed of four categories of concepts: organizational objectives, organizational structure, organizational scale and organizational process. This set of concepts is the basic element of describing the organizational sociological characteristics of underworld organizations, the differences in the identification of the characteristics of triad organizations by judicial organs, and the basic elements of the criteria for the identification of organizational characteristics of underworld organizations. In this paper, the organizational sociological characteristics of underworld organizations and the differences of judicial organs on the identification of organizational characteristics of underworld organizations are described in two cases, and then the criteria for identifying the organizational characteristics of underworld organizations are summarized. Finally, the related concepts such as underworld organizations, black and evil forces and ordinary criminal groups are distinguished by this set of standards.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D917.3

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