【摘要】：犯罪是人類社會發(fā)展的必然現(xiàn)象,是社會發(fā)展的負(fù)面產(chǎn)物,是威脅社會穩(wěn)定的重要因素之一,嚴(yán)重威脅人類生命財產(chǎn)安全和社會公共秩序。當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展多元化,社會發(fā)展多樣化,科技發(fā)展信息化,犯罪這一特殊社會現(xiàn)象也在這一大背景下呈現(xiàn)新的變化、新的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律。作為影響犯罪的因素之一,社會地理學(xué)在對一些具有明顯地域性特征的犯罪研究方面有著獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢和價值,衍生了犯罪地理學(xué)這一邊緣學(xué)科。犯罪地理學(xué)屬于社會地理學(xué),是犯罪學(xué)與地理學(xué)的交叉學(xué)科,是從地理學(xué)的角度研究犯罪現(xiàn)象的空間發(fā)生、發(fā)展和分布規(guī)律,有助于制定科學(xué)的政策來為預(yù)防控制犯罪活動。西方國家對犯罪地理的研究較早,在十九世紀(jì)四十年代就開始研究而且取得了一些成果。雖然這個學(xué)科如此重要,但是目前我國學(xué)術(shù)界普遍側(cè)重研究犯罪個體,對犯罪心理學(xué)等方面研究非常深入,但對犯罪地理學(xué)的研究涉及甚少,尚未形成體系,特別是關(guān)于某個具體城市的研究更是寥寥無幾。本文立足于犯罪地理學(xué)的基本理論,以山西省忻州市為研究單元,采用定量與定性分析相結(jié)合的研究方法,系統(tǒng)研究了忻州市刑事犯罪的地域分布規(guī)律及成因,揭示了刑事犯罪與地理環(huán)境的相互關(guān)系,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出犯罪防控的途徑、方法和建議。本文分為五大部分:第一部分,即第一章,主要概述了犯罪地理學(xué)研究的背景和意義、國內(nèi)外研究綜述以及本文的研究方法和理論基礎(chǔ)。第二部分,即第二章,從自然地理和人文地理兩方面介紹了忻州市的地理概況,說明了研究忻州市犯罪問題的重要性。第三部分,即第三章,分析了忻州市刑事犯罪與其相關(guān)影響因素的關(guān)系,得出經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、人口數(shù)量、就業(yè)情況、消費(fèi)水平、年齡、性別、文化水平、職業(yè)構(gòu)成以及戶籍所在地等因素都會對刑事犯罪產(chǎn)生影響,而且分析了各自影響的原因。第四部分,即第四章,研究了忻州市刑事犯罪的時空規(guī)律。首先通過研究忻州市刑事犯罪與季節(jié)、時間的關(guān)系得出犯罪季節(jié)分布規(guī)律和犯罪晝夜分布規(guī)律,并簡要說明了產(chǎn)生這種規(guī)律的原因。其次從城鄉(xiāng)、縣域以及忻府區(qū)主城區(qū)三方面分析了刑事犯罪的空間分布規(guī)律,并闡述原因。第五部分,即第五章,從個體、自然、人文三個角度對忻州市刑事犯罪問題提出防控建議。在文章最后,對此次研究進(jìn)行了總結(jié),發(fā)現(xiàn)問題與不足并提出了對犯罪地理學(xué)的展望,希望下次研究之時能夠得以完善。
[Abstract]:Crime is an inevitable phenomenon of the development of human society, a negative product of social development, one of the important factors threatening social stability, and a serious threat to the safety of human life and property and social public order. At present, the economic development diversification, the social development diversification, the science and technology development informationization, the crime this special social phenomenon also presents the new change, the new characteristic and the law under this big background. As one of the factors affecting crime, social geography has unique advantages and values in the research of some crimes with obvious regional characteristics. Criminal geography belongs to social geography. It is an interdisciplinary discipline between criminology and geography. It is to study the spatial occurrence, development and distribution of crime phenomena from the angle of geography, which is helpful to make scientific policies to prevent and control criminal activities. Western countries began to study the geography of crime in the 1840s and made some achievements. Although this discipline is so important, at present, the academic circles in our country have generally focused on the study of individual crime, and deeply studied criminal psychology and so on. However, the research on criminal geography is very little and has not yet formed a system. In particular, there is little research on a specific city. Based on the basic theory of criminal geography and taking Xinzhou City of Shanxi Province as the research unit, this paper systematically studies the regional distribution and causes of criminal crime in Xinzhou City by using the method of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. This paper reveals the relationship between criminal crime and geographical environment, and puts forward the ways, methods and suggestions of crime prevention and control. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part, the first chapter, mainly summarizes the background and significance of the crime geography research, the domestic and foreign research summary, the research method and the theoretical basis of this paper. The second part, the second chapter, introduces the geographical situation of Xinzhou City from the two aspects of natural geography and human geography, and explains the importance of studying the crime problem in Xinzhou City. The third part, the third chapter, analyzes the relationship between the criminal crime and its related factors in Xinzhou City, and obtains the economic level, population quantity, employment situation, consumption level, age, sex, cultural level, etc. The occupation composition and the domicile place will have the influence to the criminal crime, and has analyzed the respective influence reason. The fourth part, chapter four, studies the temporal and spatial laws of Xinzhou's criminal crime. Firstly, by studying the relationship between criminal crime and season and time in Xinzhou City, the distribution law of crime season and the law of day and night distribution of crime are obtained, and the reasons for this rule are briefly explained. Secondly, the spatial distribution of criminal crime is analyzed from three aspects: urban and rural, county and Xinfu district. The fifth part, namely the fifth chapter, from the individual, the nature, the humanities three angles puts forward the prevention and control suggestion to the Xinzhou city criminal crime question. At the end of the paper, the author summarizes the research, finds out the problems and shortcomings, and puts forward the prospect of criminal geography, hoping that the next study can be perfected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D917.3

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