元明時期法醫(yī)學文獻整理研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-22 14:06
【摘要】： 法醫(yī)學是應用醫(yī)學與自然科學的理論與技術(shù),研究并解決法律上有關(guān)醫(yī)學問題的一門醫(yī)學學科。法醫(yī)學的誕生離不開法律的產(chǎn)生,法醫(yī)學的生存和發(fā)展依賴于法律的健全和發(fā)展。 我國古代法醫(yī)學具有悠久的歷史和輝煌的成就,曾受到世界各國法醫(yī)學者的重視。據(jù)現(xiàn)存的文獻記載,我國是世界上開創(chuàng)法醫(yī)學最早的國家。尤其至宋代,已發(fā)展到了一個非常輝煌的時期,作出了卓越的貢獻。元明時期的法醫(yī)學,雖未突破宋朝的成就,但無論在檢驗制度還是法醫(yī)學著作方面都有所發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新。元朝極為重視法醫(yī)檢驗,在元朝初期便頒布了檢驗法令,將驗尸官驗尸改為驗尸官親臨現(xiàn)場,由仵作驗尸。此外,還頒布了驗尸文件,由主管機關(guān)印發(fā)后,發(fā)往各地州縣,在檢驗中依式填寫�？梢�,法醫(yī)檢驗制度在元朝已越來越傾向于法令化了�！督Y(jié)案式》是世界上第一個同時提到現(xiàn)代法醫(yī)學三大組成部分的文獻,為現(xiàn)代法醫(yī)學研究領(lǐng)域的雛形。同時它也是對中國古代法醫(yī)學實踐發(fā)展進行的一次總結(jié)。其中記載了許多有價值的檢驗報告。王與所撰《無冤錄》是在《洗冤集錄》的基礎(chǔ)上,對尸體外表檢驗經(jīng)驗的進一步總結(jié),彌補了《洗冤集錄》的某些不足,進一步發(fā)展了法醫(yī)學理論,并成為朝鮮與日本的檢驗參考專著,在中外文化交流上作出了杰出貢獻。明代則確定了三種死亡新法,并且建立從活體檢查到尸體檢查的程序等。 但目前對元明時期法醫(yī)學的研究仍是國內(nèi)外法醫(yī)學史研究中一個相對薄弱的環(huán)節(jié),尤其是在研究者為數(shù)有限,史料又不易讀懂的情況下,系統(tǒng)地研究和闡述元明時期法醫(yī)學的論著更是寥寥無幾。鑒于此,筆者在本文回顧了我國古代法醫(yī)學的誕生、發(fā)展歷程后,重點對元明時期的檢驗制度、法醫(yī)學著作、法醫(yī)學家以及對清代的影響等作了詳細的介紹,以此豐富這一研究領(lǐng)域。
[Abstract]:Forensic medicine is a medical discipline which applies the theory and technology of medicine and natural science to study and solve the legal medical problems. The birth of forensic science can not be separated from the production of law. The survival and development of forensic science depend on the perfection and development of law. Forensic medicine in ancient China has a long history and brilliant achievements, which has been paid attention by forensic scholars all over the world. According to the existing literature, our country is the earliest country to create forensic science in the world. Especially to the Song Dynasty, has developed to a very brilliant period, has made outstanding contributions. Although forensic medicine in Yuan and Ming dynasties did not break through the achievements of Song Dynasty, it developed and innovated both in the examination system and in the works of forensic medicine. The Yuan Dynasty attached great importance to forensic examination. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the coroner's post-mortem examination was changed into a coroner's visit to the scene, and the coroner was the coroner. In addition, post-mortem documents were issued and issued by the competent authorities and sent to all states and counties to fill in the examination. It can be seen that the forensic examination system has become more and more legalized in Yuan Dynasty. The "closed case" is the first document in the world to mention the three major components of modern forensic medicine at the same time, and it is the embryonic form of the field of modern forensic medicine research. At the same time, it is a summary of the development of forensic medicine in ancient China. Many valuable inspection reports are recorded. Wang and his book "No injustice record" is a further summary of the experience in the examination of the appearance of the corpse on the basis of the Collection of Remembrance of grievances, which makes up some of the deficiencies of the Collection of Remembrance and further develops the theory of forensic medicine. It has become a reference monographs of Korea and Japan, and has made outstanding contributions to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. In Ming Dynasty, three new methods of death were established, and procedures from living examination to corpse examination were established. However, the study of forensic medicine in Yuan and Ming dynasties is still a relatively weak link in the study of forensic history at home and abroad, especially when the number of researchers is limited and the historical data are difficult to understand. Systematic research and elaboration of the Yuan and Ming dynasties forensic literature is very few. In view of this, after reviewing the birth and development of ancient forensic medicine in China, the author gives a detailed introduction to the inspection system of Yuan and Ming dynasties, the works of forensic medicine, forensic scientists and the influence on the Qing Dynasty. This enriches the field of research.
【學位授予單位】：貴陽中醫(yī)學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D929;D919
本文編號：2287360
[Abstract]:Forensic medicine is a medical discipline which applies the theory and technology of medicine and natural science to study and solve the legal medical problems. The birth of forensic science can not be separated from the production of law. The survival and development of forensic science depend on the perfection and development of law. Forensic medicine in ancient China has a long history and brilliant achievements, which has been paid attention by forensic scholars all over the world. According to the existing literature, our country is the earliest country to create forensic science in the world. Especially to the Song Dynasty, has developed to a very brilliant period, has made outstanding contributions. Although forensic medicine in Yuan and Ming dynasties did not break through the achievements of Song Dynasty, it developed and innovated both in the examination system and in the works of forensic medicine. The Yuan Dynasty attached great importance to forensic examination. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the coroner's post-mortem examination was changed into a coroner's visit to the scene, and the coroner was the coroner. In addition, post-mortem documents were issued and issued by the competent authorities and sent to all states and counties to fill in the examination. It can be seen that the forensic examination system has become more and more legalized in Yuan Dynasty. The "closed case" is the first document in the world to mention the three major components of modern forensic medicine at the same time, and it is the embryonic form of the field of modern forensic medicine research. At the same time, it is a summary of the development of forensic medicine in ancient China. Many valuable inspection reports are recorded. Wang and his book "No injustice record" is a further summary of the experience in the examination of the appearance of the corpse on the basis of the Collection of Remembrance of grievances, which makes up some of the deficiencies of the Collection of Remembrance and further develops the theory of forensic medicine. It has become a reference monographs of Korea and Japan, and has made outstanding contributions to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. In Ming Dynasty, three new methods of death were established, and procedures from living examination to corpse examination were established. However, the study of forensic medicine in Yuan and Ming dynasties is still a relatively weak link in the study of forensic history at home and abroad, especially when the number of researchers is limited and the historical data are difficult to understand. Systematic research and elaboration of the Yuan and Ming dynasties forensic literature is very few. In view of this, after reviewing the birth and development of ancient forensic medicine in China, the author gives a detailed introduction to the inspection system of Yuan and Ming dynasties, the works of forensic medicine, forensic scientists and the influence on the Qing Dynasty. This enriches the field of research.
【學位授予單位】：貴陽中醫(yī)學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D929;D919
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