我國(guó)司法鑒定體制改革問(wèn)題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-10 16:11
【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展和科技的進(jìn)步,司法鑒定的應(yīng)用也越來(lái)越廣泛,其作用日益受到人們的重視。由于歷史以及現(xiàn)實(shí)中的諸多因素,我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的司法鑒定體制在工作中暴露出了越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題。近年來(lái)我國(guó)的法制建設(shè)取得了很大進(jìn)展,關(guān)于司法鑒定制度的規(guī)制和管理也日趨完善,尤其是《全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)關(guān)于司法鑒定管理問(wèn)題的決定》的出臺(tái),更是司法鑒定制度改革方面的里程碑,是司法體制改革的階段性重要成果,對(duì)于我國(guó)延續(xù)幾十年的舊的司法鑒定體制是一項(xiàng)突破性的革新。但同時(shí)我們也認(rèn)識(shí)到,司法鑒定體制的改革和完善是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程，《決定》的出臺(tái)只是邁出了改革創(chuàng)新的第一步,我國(guó)司法鑒定體制仍存在諸多弊端,其規(guī)范化、權(quán)威性等都亟待提高和完善,這對(duì)于提高司法鑒定的公信力,切實(shí)保障當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益,構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)公平正義具有十分重要的意義。本文筆者以理論研究為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合法院司法鑒定工作實(shí)際，，同時(shí)兼用比較分析的方法,對(duì)我國(guó)司法鑒定體制的改革進(jìn)行研究,并提出完善司法鑒定體制的幾點(diǎn)淺顯構(gòu)想。 論文主要包括四部分內(nèi)容。第一部分對(duì)我國(guó)司法鑒定體制的一般考察,闡述了司法鑒定的概念,司法鑒定法律性、中立性、科學(xué)性、主觀性的屬性,、考察了我國(guó)司法鑒定制度的發(fā)展過(guò)程；對(duì)我國(guó)司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置、種類和性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了分析；對(duì)我國(guó)司法鑒定人的角色定位進(jìn)行了界定；對(duì)司法鑒定結(jié)論的證據(jù)屬性現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析。第二部分重點(diǎn)從鑒定人資質(zhì)和訴訟地位、司法鑒定的啟動(dòng)程序、司法鑒定的管理體制等方面對(duì)兩大法系的司法鑒定體制進(jìn)行比較分析,為我國(guó)的司法鑒定體制的完善提供有益的借鑒。第三部分分析了我國(guó)司法鑒定體制的現(xiàn)狀和存在的問(wèn)題,闡述了《決定》出臺(tái)前我國(guó)司法鑒定體制的狀況,肯定了《決定》對(duì)我國(guó)司法鑒定體制的改進(jìn),同時(shí)指出統(tǒng)一的司法鑒定管理體制還未完全形成、多頭鑒定重復(fù)鑒定的情形依然大量存在、社會(huì)鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)還不適應(yīng)司法鑒定體制整體要求、司法鑒定程序有待完善,并對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題原因進(jìn)行了分析。第四部分提出了完善我國(guó)司法鑒定體制的幾點(diǎn)構(gòu)想,重點(diǎn)是構(gòu)建統(tǒng)一的分級(jí)司法鑒定體制,完善司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)資質(zhì)認(rèn)證制度,建立鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)執(zhí)業(yè)能力評(píng)估體系，提高鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的執(zhí)業(yè)能力,嚴(yán)格鑒定人準(zhǔn)入機(jī)制,創(chuàng)新鑒定人管理制度,完善司法鑒定程序。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the application of forensic expertise is becoming more and more extensive. Because of many factors in history and reality, more and more problems have been exposed in the traditional judicial appraisal system in our country. In recent years, great progress has been made in the construction of the legal system in our country, and the regulation and management of the system of judicial expertise have become more and more perfect, especially the decision of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress on the management of judicial expertise. It is also a milestone in the reform of the judicial expertise system and an important achievement in the reform of the judicial system. It is a breakthrough innovation for the old judicial expertise system which continues for several decades in our country. But at the same time, we also realize that the reform and perfection of the judicial expertise system is a complex system engineering, the introduction of "decision" is only the first step of reform and innovation, and there are still many drawbacks and standardization of the judicial expertise system in our country. The authority needs to be improved and perfected urgently, which is of great significance to improve the credibility of judicial expertise, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and build a harmonious society to realize fairness and justice. On the basis of theoretical research, combined with the practice of judicial expertise in court and the method of comparative analysis, the author studies the reform of judicial expertise system in China, and puts forward some simple ideas to perfect the judicial expertise system. The thesis mainly includes four parts. The first part of the general investigation of the system of judicial expertise in China, elaborated the concept of judicial expertise, judicial identification of the legal, neutral, scientific, subjective attributes, the investigation of the development of the system of judicial identification process; This paper analyzes the establishment, types and properties of the judicial expertise institutions in China; defines the role of judicial experts in our country; and analyzes the present situation of the evidence attributes of the conclusions of judicial expertise. The second part focuses on the comparative analysis of the judicial identification systems of the two legal systems from the aspects of the qualification of experts and the status of litigation, the initiation procedure of judicial expertise, the administrative system of judicial identification, etc. To provide useful reference for the perfection of judicial expertise system in our country. The third part analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the judicial expertise system in China, expounds the status of the judicial expertise system before the "decision", and affirms the improvement of the judicial expertise system in China by the "decision". At the same time, it is pointed out that the unified management system of judicial expertise has not yet been fully formed, the situation of multiple identification and repeated identification still exists in large numbers, the social appraisal institutions do not meet the overall requirements of the judicial identification system, and the procedure of judicial identification needs to be improved. The causes of the problems are analyzed. The fourth part puts forward several ideas to perfect our country's judicial appraisal system. The emphasis is to construct a unified hierarchical judicial identification system, perfect the qualification certification system of judicial identification institutions, and establish an evaluation system of the professional competence of appraisal institutions. We should improve the professional ability of appraisal institutions, strictly enforce the admission mechanism of experts, innovate the management system of experts, and perfect the procedure of judicial identification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9
本文編號(hào)：2262420
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the application of forensic expertise is becoming more and more extensive. Because of many factors in history and reality, more and more problems have been exposed in the traditional judicial appraisal system in our country. In recent years, great progress has been made in the construction of the legal system in our country, and the regulation and management of the system of judicial expertise have become more and more perfect, especially the decision of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress on the management of judicial expertise. It is also a milestone in the reform of the judicial expertise system and an important achievement in the reform of the judicial system. It is a breakthrough innovation for the old judicial expertise system which continues for several decades in our country. But at the same time, we also realize that the reform and perfection of the judicial expertise system is a complex system engineering, the introduction of "decision" is only the first step of reform and innovation, and there are still many drawbacks and standardization of the judicial expertise system in our country. The authority needs to be improved and perfected urgently, which is of great significance to improve the credibility of judicial expertise, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and build a harmonious society to realize fairness and justice. On the basis of theoretical research, combined with the practice of judicial expertise in court and the method of comparative analysis, the author studies the reform of judicial expertise system in China, and puts forward some simple ideas to perfect the judicial expertise system. The thesis mainly includes four parts. The first part of the general investigation of the system of judicial expertise in China, elaborated the concept of judicial expertise, judicial identification of the legal, neutral, scientific, subjective attributes, the investigation of the development of the system of judicial identification process; This paper analyzes the establishment, types and properties of the judicial expertise institutions in China; defines the role of judicial experts in our country; and analyzes the present situation of the evidence attributes of the conclusions of judicial expertise. The second part focuses on the comparative analysis of the judicial identification systems of the two legal systems from the aspects of the qualification of experts and the status of litigation, the initiation procedure of judicial expertise, the administrative system of judicial identification, etc. To provide useful reference for the perfection of judicial expertise system in our country. The third part analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the judicial expertise system in China, expounds the status of the judicial expertise system before the "decision", and affirms the improvement of the judicial expertise system in China by the "decision". At the same time, it is pointed out that the unified management system of judicial expertise has not yet been fully formed, the situation of multiple identification and repeated identification still exists in large numbers, the social appraisal institutions do not meet the overall requirements of the judicial identification system, and the procedure of judicial identification needs to be improved. The causes of the problems are analyzed. The fourth part puts forward several ideas to perfect our country's judicial appraisal system. The emphasis is to construct a unified hierarchical judicial identification system, perfect the qualification certification system of judicial identification institutions, and establish an evaluation system of the professional competence of appraisal institutions. We should improve the professional ability of appraisal institutions, strictly enforce the admission mechanism of experts, innovate the management system of experts, and perfect the procedure of judicial identification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9
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