戶籍制度改革探究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-08 13:42
【摘要】： 戶籍制度本指戶籍管理制度,是政府職能部門對(duì)所轄居民的基本狀況進(jìn)行登記,同時(shí)進(jìn)行一些相關(guān)事項(xiàng)管理的國(guó)家行政管理制度之一。其基本功能即為證明公民的身份,提供人口管理資料和方便社會(huì)治安的管理。中國(guó)的戶籍制度已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史,每一個(gè)時(shí)期的戶籍管理又與當(dāng)時(shí)的政治形態(tài)相緊密聯(lián)系。新中國(guó)成立以后,建立了中國(guó)特色的戶籍管理體系。從自由遷徙時(shí)期到限制遷徙時(shí)期,直至90年代以后的逐漸開放時(shí)期；從完全自由的流動(dòng)到城鄉(xiāng)隔離的“二元戶籍制”,充分反映了新中國(guó)成立以后老百姓的生活變化。雖然只有短短幾十年的歷史,但卻在眾多的人的心中刻下了深深的烙印——“城里人”和“鄉(xiāng)下人”。告別了票證的年代,終于大家可以自由的買到所需的物品了,但摘不掉的依然是城里人對(duì)鄉(xiāng)下人的歧視和白眼。 二元的戶籍制度讓城市人之外的人不能擁有同等的就業(yè)、教育、醫(yī)療的機(jī)會(huì)。二元的戶籍制度可以讓城里人高枕無憂的享受著城市的福利待遇。可是作為一個(gè)新興的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家而言,我們應(yīng)看到,城里人享受的福利待遇卻犧牲了多少鄉(xiāng)下人的同等權(quán)利。我們革命的初衷是什么,鄧小平同志曾大膽的提出了社會(huì)主義的本質(zhì)就是“解放生產(chǎn)力,發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力,消滅階級(jí),消除兩極分化,最終達(dá)到共同富裕”。他老人家也曾提出“分三步走”的宏偉規(guī)劃。而今,當(dāng)這三步走計(jì)劃已基本實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí),我們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)這只是城里人的生活改善了,還有更多的現(xiàn)實(shí)的、嚴(yán)峻的問題等待解決。現(xiàn)有的二元戶籍制度首先讓我們看到的弊端即封閉了農(nóng)村人口自由流到城市的道路,造成了嚴(yán)重的城鄉(xiāng)人口失衡,嚴(yán)重地阻礙了城市化進(jìn)程；其次,二元戶籍制度嚴(yán)重限制了公民的自由遷徙權(quán)利,違背了勞動(dòng)變換的自然規(guī)律,人為的限制了公民的遷徙、居住和擇業(yè)的權(quán)利；再次,二元戶籍制度傷害了公民的心理情感。它使得在一少部分人得到權(quán)利的代價(jià)是讓很多人失去享有身份平等、地位平等和爭(zhēng)取機(jī)會(huì)平等的權(quán)利。 本文通過研究提出實(shí)行公民證制度,順應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、順應(yīng)數(shù)字化發(fā)展的要求,城市化發(fā)展進(jìn)程及人口流動(dòng)趨勢(shì),從以“戶”管理為中心轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐浴叭恕惫芾頌橹行�；從以靜態(tài)管理方式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐浴办o”制“動(dòng)”的管理方式。通過建立公民證制度,發(fā)揮其統(tǒng)一性、平等性、自由性、準(zhǔn)確性、和唯一性的特點(diǎn),以公民證取代居民身份證,以公民證書取代居民戶口簿,以動(dòng)態(tài)信息變動(dòng)取代戶口遷移制度。通過推行土地承包合同制改革、教育制度改革、建立統(tǒng)一的社會(huì)保障體制和統(tǒng)一的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng),以及推進(jìn)計(jì)劃生育制度的改革,逐漸取消不合理的人口管理制度,剝離掉附加在戶口上的各種社會(huì)利益,形成了城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的人口管理制度,徹底解決流動(dòng)人口的管理難題,從而節(jié)省行政辦事成本,提高社會(huì)治安還擊功能的防控能力。
[Abstract]:The household registration system, which refers to the household registration management system, is one of the state administrative systems for the registration of the basic conditions of the residents under the jurisdiction of the government functional departments and for the management of some related matters at the same time. Its basic function is to prove the identity of the citizen, to provide the information of population management and to facilitate the management of public security. The household registration system in China has a history of several thousand years, and the household registration management in each period is closely related to the political form at that time. After the founding of New China, the establishment of Chinese characteristics of household registration management system. From the period of free migration to the period of restricted migration until the gradual opening period after the 1990s, and from the completely free flow to the "dual household registration system" which is isolated from urban and rural areas, it fully reflects the life changes of the common people after the founding of New China. Although only a few decades of history, but in the hearts of many people engraved a deep brand-"city people" and "country people." Farewell to the vote of the era, finally we can freely buy the necessary goods, but can not be picked is still the city people against the countryside and white eyes. The dual household registration system prevents people outside the city from having equal access to employment, education, and health care. Dual household registration system allows urban residents to enjoy the city's welfare. But as a new socialist country, we should see how many equal rights of countrymen have been sacrificed to the welfare of city people. What is the original intention of our revolution? comrade Deng Xiaoping boldly put forward that the essence of socialism is "liberating productive forces, developing productive forces, eliminating class, eliminating polarization, and finally achieving common prosperity". He also put forward a grand plan of "three steps." Now, when this three-step plan has been largely realized, we find that it is only an improvement in the lives of people living in the city, and there are more realistic, serious problems to be solved. The existing dual household registration system first of all let us see the drawbacks, that is, closed the free flow of rural population to the city, resulting in a serious urban and rural population imbalance, seriously hindered the process of urbanization; second, Dual household registration system severely limits citizens' right to freedom of movement, violates the natural law of labor transformation, and artificially limits citizens' rights to migrate, live and choose jobs. Thirdly, dual household registration system hurts citizens' psychological feelings. It costs a small number of people rights at the expense of many people's rights to equality of identity, equality of status and equality of opportunity. Based on the research, this paper puts forward the practice of citizenship certificate system, conforming to the trend of social development and the requirement of digital development, the process of urbanization and the trend of population flow, changing from "household" management to "human" management. From a static management mode to a "static" system of "action" management mode. Through the establishment of a citizenship card system to give play to its characteristics of unity, equality, freedom, accuracy and uniqueness, citizens' certificates are used to replace resident identity cards and citizen certificates to replace household registration books. To replace the hukou transfer system with dynamic information change. Through the implementation of the land contract system reform, the reform of the education system, the establishment of a unified social security system and a unified labour market, and the promotion of the reform of the family planning system, the unreasonable population management system has been gradually abolished. By stripping off all kinds of social benefits attached to the household registration, the unified population management system between urban and rural areas has been formed, and the management problems of floating population have been solved thoroughly, thus saving the administrative work cost and improving the ability of prevention and control of the function of public security fighting back fire.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D631.42
本文編號(hào)：2171960
[Abstract]:The household registration system, which refers to the household registration management system, is one of the state administrative systems for the registration of the basic conditions of the residents under the jurisdiction of the government functional departments and for the management of some related matters at the same time. Its basic function is to prove the identity of the citizen, to provide the information of population management and to facilitate the management of public security. The household registration system in China has a history of several thousand years, and the household registration management in each period is closely related to the political form at that time. After the founding of New China, the establishment of Chinese characteristics of household registration management system. From the period of free migration to the period of restricted migration until the gradual opening period after the 1990s, and from the completely free flow to the "dual household registration system" which is isolated from urban and rural areas, it fully reflects the life changes of the common people after the founding of New China. Although only a few decades of history, but in the hearts of many people engraved a deep brand-"city people" and "country people." Farewell to the vote of the era, finally we can freely buy the necessary goods, but can not be picked is still the city people against the countryside and white eyes. The dual household registration system prevents people outside the city from having equal access to employment, education, and health care. Dual household registration system allows urban residents to enjoy the city's welfare. But as a new socialist country, we should see how many equal rights of countrymen have been sacrificed to the welfare of city people. What is the original intention of our revolution? comrade Deng Xiaoping boldly put forward that the essence of socialism is "liberating productive forces, developing productive forces, eliminating class, eliminating polarization, and finally achieving common prosperity". He also put forward a grand plan of "three steps." Now, when this three-step plan has been largely realized, we find that it is only an improvement in the lives of people living in the city, and there are more realistic, serious problems to be solved. The existing dual household registration system first of all let us see the drawbacks, that is, closed the free flow of rural population to the city, resulting in a serious urban and rural population imbalance, seriously hindered the process of urbanization; second, Dual household registration system severely limits citizens' right to freedom of movement, violates the natural law of labor transformation, and artificially limits citizens' rights to migrate, live and choose jobs. Thirdly, dual household registration system hurts citizens' psychological feelings. It costs a small number of people rights at the expense of many people's rights to equality of identity, equality of status and equality of opportunity. Based on the research, this paper puts forward the practice of citizenship certificate system, conforming to the trend of social development and the requirement of digital development, the process of urbanization and the trend of population flow, changing from "household" management to "human" management. From a static management mode to a "static" system of "action" management mode. Through the establishment of a citizenship card system to give play to its characteristics of unity, equality, freedom, accuracy and uniqueness, citizens' certificates are used to replace resident identity cards and citizen certificates to replace household registration books. To replace the hukou transfer system with dynamic information change. Through the implementation of the land contract system reform, the reform of the education system, the establishment of a unified social security system and a unified labour market, and the promotion of the reform of the family planning system, the unreasonable population management system has been gradually abolished. By stripping off all kinds of social benefits attached to the household registration, the unified population management system between urban and rural areas has been formed, and the management problems of floating population have been solved thoroughly, thus saving the administrative work cost and improving the ability of prevention and control of the function of public security fighting back fire.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D631.42
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 田麗君;城市化進(jìn)程中戶籍管理一元化研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2171960
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