本文選題：犯罪 + 犯罪學(xué)��； 參考：《南京航空航天大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】：犯罪是由刑法規(guī)定的應(yīng)受刑罰懲罰的危害社會的行為。犯罪學(xué)是以犯罪為研究對象的科學(xué)。馬克思主義是由馬克思恩格斯創(chuàng)立的,而由其后各個(gè)時(shí)代、各個(gè)民族的馬克思主義者不斷豐富和發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)和學(xué)說的體系。馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家的著作里有大量關(guān)于犯罪的論述,馬克思主義犯罪學(xué)是存在的。 犯罪學(xué)研究有兩大范式:犯罪古典學(xué)派和犯罪實(shí)證學(xué)派。二者的最大區(qū)別是:犯罪古典學(xué)派主張意志非決定論(自由論)而犯罪實(shí)證學(xué)派則主張意志決定論。馬克思主義犯罪學(xué)應(yīng)該屬于犯罪實(shí)證學(xué)派研究范式,但它不是機(jī)械的意志決定論,而是唯物辯證的意志決定論。 論文首次從犯罪起源、犯罪本質(zhì)、犯罪構(gòu)成、犯罪價(jià)值、犯罪原因、犯罪對策等六個(gè)方面對馬克思恩格斯的犯罪學(xué)思想進(jìn)行了全面的、系統(tǒng)的、深入的研究。馬克思主義犯罪學(xué)思想主要有:犯罪是在原始社會走向瓦解,私有制、國家和法逐漸產(chǎn)生的過程中而產(chǎn)生的,原始社會中沒有犯罪;犯罪的本質(zhì)是孤立的個(gè)人反對統(tǒng)治關(guān)系的斗爭,是孤立的個(gè)人的行為而不是階級斗爭,犯罪的產(chǎn)生根源于社會物質(zhì)生活條件;任何犯罪都必須要有犯罪行為,刑法只處罰行為而不處罰思想,法典是人民自由的圣經(jīng);犯罪不具有生產(chǎn)性,沒有促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的功能,對社會而言,犯罪只具有負(fù)價(jià)值而不具有正價(jià)值;犯罪產(chǎn)生的根本原因是一個(gè)社會的物質(zhì)生活條件,具體原因有貧窮、失業(yè)、貧富懸殊、道德墮落、人性扭曲、社會失范以及法律本身等;刑罰是社會對付犯罪的一種自衛(wèi)手段,適用刑罰應(yīng)堅(jiān)持罪刑法定、罪刑相適應(yīng)和人道主義原則。 西方馬克思主義犯罪學(xué)是馬克思主義犯罪學(xué)在歐美發(fā)達(dá)國家的繼承和發(fā)展,它運(yùn)用馬克思主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)分析理論和階級分析理論研究資本主義社會的犯罪現(xiàn)象,把犯罪產(chǎn)生的矛頭指向國家的政治制度和經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ),具有一定的合理性和進(jìn)步性。前蘇聯(lián)、東歐和中國等社會主義國家運(yùn)用馬克思主義的辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義方法論對犯罪現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了研究,但受政治因素和意識形態(tài)的束縛過多,過于宏觀,缺乏細(xì)致的研究。 馬克思主義犯罪學(xué)思想在當(dāng)代中國具有重要價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,它給我們的啟示是:雖然犯罪對社會只具有負(fù)價(jià)值,但它由一個(gè)社會的物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)方式?jīng)Q定,是一種客觀必然的存在。我們應(yīng)該理性看待犯罪現(xiàn)象,針對犯罪產(chǎn)生的原因,采取合理的應(yīng)對措施,力求把犯罪降低到最低限度而不是完全消滅犯罪。嚴(yán)打只能起到一時(shí)之效,而不是長久之計(jì),最好的社會政策才是最好的刑事政策。只有犯罪較少的社會才是一個(gè)和諧的社會,刑事法治應(yīng)該為我國構(gòu)建和諧社會作出貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Crime is defined by the criminal law as an act harmful to society which should be punished by penalty. Criminology is the science of crime. Marxism was founded by Marx and Engels, and the Marxist of all nationalities enriched and developed the viewpoint and theory system. There are a lot of expositions on crime in the works of Marxist classic writers, and Marxist criminology exists. There are two paradigms in criminology research: the classical school of crime and the school of crime positivism. The biggest difference between the two is that the classical criminal school advocates will non-determinism (liberalism) while the crime positivism school advocates will determinism. Marxist criminology should belong to the paradigm of crime positivist school, but it is not mechanical will determinism, but materialistic dialectical will determinism. For the first time, the thesis makes a comprehensive, systematic and in-depth study of Marx and Engels' criminological thoughts from six aspects: the origin of crime, the nature of crime, the constitution of crime, the value of crime, the cause of crime, and the countermeasures of crime. The main ideas of Marxist criminology are as follows: crime occurred in the process of the disintegration of primitive society, private ownership, state and law, and there was no crime in primitive society; The essence of a crime is an isolated individual's struggle against the ruling relationship, an isolated individual's behavior rather than a class struggle, and the origin of the crime lies in the material living conditions of the society; any crime must have a criminal act. The criminal law only punishes the behavior but does not punish the thought, the code is the bible of the people's freedom, the crime does not have the productive power, does not have the function which promotes the productive force development, to the society, the crime only has the negative value but not the positive value; The fundamental causes of crime are the material living conditions of a society, including poverty, unemployment, disparity between the rich and the poor, moral degradation, distortion of human nature, social anomie, and the law itself. Punishment is a means of self-defense for society to deal with crime. The application of penalty should adhere to the principle of legality, adaptation of crime and punishment and humanitarianism. Western Marxist criminology is the inheritance and development of Marxist criminology in developed countries in Europe and America. It uses Marxist economic analysis theory and class analysis theory to study the criminal phenomenon in capitalist society. It is reasonable and progressive to point the crime at the country's political system and economic base. The former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and China and other socialist countries have used Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism methodology to study criminal phenomena, but they are too constrained by political factors and ideologies, and too macro. Lack of careful research. Marxist criminology thought has important value and realistic significance in contemporary China. Its enlightenment is that although crime has only negative value to society, it is determined by the material production mode of a society. Is a kind of objective inevitable existence. We should treat the crime phenomenon rationally and take reasonable measures to reduce the crime to the minimum instead of completely eliminating the crime. The best social policy is the best criminal policy. Only a society with fewer crimes is a harmonious society, and the criminal rule of law should contribute to the construction of a harmonious society in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D917

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 程勇;;四川農(nóng)村當(dāng)前社會治安存在的問題、原因及對策[J];四川警察學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2013年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 黃文;青少年犯罪預(yù)警指標(biāo)體系研究[D];天津理工大學(xué);2012年

2 高路路;會計(jì)職業(yè)道德問題研究[D];山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2012年

3 睢蘇婕;保薦代表人岳某內(nèi)幕交易案分析[D];湖南大學(xué);2012年

4 羅妍琴;馬克思的犯罪理論研究[D];南華大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：1841660