本文選題：微博 + 倫理失范��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：微博作為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的新生力量,不僅改變了我們的生活和溝通方式,也日益成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件的策源地,扮演著社會(huì)動(dòng)員的角色,發(fā)揮著推波助瀾的作用。微博在引發(fā)了越來越多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件、釋放出巨大能量的同時(shí),也伴隨著倫理失范現(xiàn)象的日益增多,微博使用者在虛擬的微博空間中肆意貶損著應(yīng)遵守的倫理道德和法律規(guī)范。尤其是在社會(huì)急速轉(zhuǎn)型期,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件頻發(fā)的傳播語境下,微博傳播中究竟存在哪些倫理問題,微博使用者該如何使用微博,如何規(guī)避網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件傳播中的微博暴力、微博謠言等倫理失范,微博的傳播倫理又該如何建構(gòu),如何促進(jìn)微博的健康發(fā)展并使其在建構(gòu)公共領(lǐng)域方面有更大的作為,這些問題都需要我們認(rèn)真反思和研究。 本文采用文獻(xiàn)研究法、案例分析法、訪談法等研究方法,對國內(nèi)外針對微博和微博倫理的研究進(jìn)行了梳理和評析,對微博給傳播環(huán)境帶來的改變、微博對社會(huì)倫理道德的進(jìn)步帶來的影響進(jìn)行了分析和研究,并通過對“少女毀容”事件典型個(gè)案的解剖,梳理和分析了網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件傳播過程中微博倫理失范的四個(gè)現(xiàn)象,探析了網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件傳播過程中微博倫理失范的原因,最后依據(jù)萊斯格的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)行為規(guī)范力”理論,提出了“建構(gòu)、自律、把關(guān)、監(jiān)管”的規(guī)制辦法,論文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 1、對微博的主要傳播特性進(jìn)行了概括和總結(jié)(低門檻、碎片化、整合性、即時(shí)性、裂變式傳播、跟隨性)。研究了微博對傳播環(huán)境帶來的多個(gè)方面的改變,即：微博使得社會(huì)話語權(quán)進(jìn)一步分散并下放；微博進(jìn)一步改變了信息流動(dòng)的方向；微博的出現(xiàn)增強(qiáng)了傳統(tǒng)媒介的危機(jī)感；微博具備了強(qiáng)大的議程設(shè)置能力。從技術(shù)倫理學(xué)與媒介倫理學(xué)的視角,指出微博具有深刻的倫理學(xué)底蘊(yùn)。比較了微博倫理與傳統(tǒng)倫理學(xué)、一般技術(shù)倫理學(xué)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)倫理、傳播倫理的異同。研究了微博對社會(huì)倫理道德進(jìn)步帶來的影響,即：微博賦予道德主體以平等的話語權(quán)；微博使道德主體的能動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性得到了張揚(yáng)；微博賦予自由、民主、創(chuàng)新等道德范疇以新的倫理精神。 2、通過對網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件與微博倫理失范的研究,提出了“與其他傳播語境相比,微博的倫理失范在網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件傳播語境下體現(xiàn)的更為突出、更為集中”的觀點(diǎn)。通過對合肥“少女毀容”事件傳播過程中微博傳播路徑的追蹤以及微博傳播內(nèi)容的研究,梳理了以“少女毀容”事件為代表的網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件傳播過程中若干典型的微博倫理失范現(xiàn)象,即事件傳播過程中微博語言暴力的表現(xiàn)、事件傳播過程中三條微博謠言的產(chǎn)生與消解的過程、事件傳播過程中隱私權(quán)的侵犯范圍與程度、事件傳播過程中微博平臺(tái)上網(wǎng)民群體極化的產(chǎn)生與消解過程等。 3、從技術(shù)、主體、外部環(huán)境三個(gè)角度對網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件傳播過程中微博倫理失范的原因進(jìn)行了探析,認(rèn)為技術(shù)根源主要包括：微博的自媒體特征對微博使用者的道德水準(zhǔn)提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)；微博信息“把關(guān)”的缺位易導(dǎo)致語言暴力的泛濫和隱私侵犯行為的增多；微博的“碎片化”特征容易導(dǎo)致“斷章取義”以及謠言的滋生和傳播；微博的“核裂變”式傳播易誘發(fā)群體極化等非理性行為。認(rèn)為主體根源主要包括：微博使用者自然屬性對微博空間道德規(guī)范的排斥；部分微博使用者道德意識(shí)的淡漠和缺失；微博使用者的從眾心理也容易引發(fā)倫理失范。認(rèn)為外部根源主要包括：網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件中個(gè)人道德情感與公眾道德情感的沖突；網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件傳播中微博使用者的宣泄和狂歡心理；微博倫理規(guī)范與法律法規(guī)建設(shè)的滯后及無耐。 4、在對微博倫理失范現(xiàn)象和原因分析的基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒萊斯格的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)行為規(guī)范力”理論,從建構(gòu)、自律、把關(guān)、監(jiān)管四個(gè)維度研究了微博倫理失范的規(guī)制辦法。在建構(gòu)微博倫理原則規(guī)范的維度上,分析了建構(gòu)微博倫理原則規(guī)范應(yīng)遵循無害原則、公平原則、尊重原則、責(zé)任原則,探討了網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件傳播中微博傳播應(yīng)遵循的倫理底線,分析了當(dāng)前微博自律公約等倫理規(guī)范的制定情況和改進(jìn)之處。在微博使用者自律維度上,研究了媒體微博、意見領(lǐng)袖微博、普通微博用戶的自律內(nèi)涵。在把關(guān)維度上,認(rèn)為微博運(yùn)營商既要加強(qiáng)自律又要他律,提出：要在微博系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)中嵌入道德因素；加強(qiáng)微博內(nèi)容的審核；對微博用戶的倫理失范行為進(jìn)行界定和處理；主動(dòng)開設(shè)官方辟謠賬號(hào)。在監(jiān)管層面,認(rèn)為政府部門既要善管,也要善用,提出了加強(qiáng)政務(wù)微博建設(shè),及時(shí)回應(yīng)公眾關(guān)切；加快微博立法步伐,使微博監(jiān)管有章可循；形成依法、公開、科學(xué)的監(jiān)管機(jī)制,引導(dǎo)微博健康發(fā)展等三條措施。 探討網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件傳播中微博倫理失范及其規(guī)制對策,對于豐富網(wǎng)絡(luò)倫理學(xué)的內(nèi)涵具有重要的理論意義。同時(shí),對網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件傳播中微博倫理問題的研究,不僅對于微博這一新事物的健康發(fā)展具有重要的意義(微博在中國曾因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)問題而多次遭到政府部門的關(guān)閉和整頓),而且對于微博使用者合理使用微博,對政府部門在網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件發(fā)生后正確使用微博,及時(shí)關(guān)注和應(yīng)對事件態(tài)勢發(fā)展都具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:As a new force of the Internet, micro-blog has not only changed our way of life and communication, but also became the source of network public events, playing the role of social mobilization, playing a role in boosting the flames. Micro-blog is triggering more and more network public events, releasing huge energy and accompanying ethical anomie. The increasing number of phenomena, micro-blog users in the virtual micro-blog space wanton derogatory ethics and legal norms. Especially in the social rapid transition period, in the communication context of the frequent network of public events, what is the ethical problems in micro-blog communication, how the micro-blog users should use micro-blog and how to avoid the network. Micro-blog violence, micro-blog rumors and other ethical anomie in the communication of public events, how to construct the ethics of micro-blog's communication, how to promote the healthy development of the micro-blog and make it more important in the construction of the public domain, all of which need our careful reflection and research.
In this paper, literature research, case analysis, interview and other research methods are used to analyze and evaluate the ethics of micro-blog and micro-blog at home and abroad. The changes brought about by micro-blog to the communication environment and the influence of micro-blog on the progress of social ethics are analyzed and studied, and the event code of "disfigurement of girls" is also carried out. The four phenomena of micro-blog Ethics Anomie in the transmission process of network public events are analyzed and analyzed. The reasons of micro-blog Ethics Anomie are analyzed in the process of network public event transmission. Finally, according to the theory of "network behavior standard force", the paper puts forward the rules and regulations of "construction, self-discipline, control, supervision". The main contents are as follows:
1, the main transmission characteristics of micro-blog are summarized and summarized (low threshold, fragmentation, integration, immediacy, fission transmission, follower). The study of the changes brought by micro-blog to the communication environment, namely, micro-blog to further decentralize and decentralize the social discourse power; micro-blog further changed the direction of information flow; micro-blog The emergence of the traditional media has enhanced the sense of crisis; micro-blog has a strong ability to set up the agenda. From the perspective of technical ethics and media ethics, it points out that micro-blog has profound ethical implications. It compares the similarities and differences between micro-blog ethics and traditional ethics, general technical ethics, network ethics, and communication ethics. It also studies the society of micro-blog to society. The influence of ethical and moral progress is that micro-blog gives the moral subject equal discourse power; micro-blog makes the initiative and creativity of the moral subject be publicized; and micro-blog gives freedom, democracy, innovation and other moral categories with a new ethical spirit.
2, through the study of network public events and micro-blog Ethics Anomie, this paper puts forward the view that "compared with other communication contexts, micro-blog's ethical anomie is more prominent and more concentrated in the context of network public event dissemination". Through the tracking of the transmission path of micro-blog in the process of "disfigurement of young girls" in Hefei and micro-blog, and micro-blog. The study of communication content combs some typical micro-blog Ethics Anomie in the process of network public events, represented by the "disfigurement of young girls", that is, the performance of micro-blog language violence in the process of event dissemination, the process of the emergence and elimination of three micro-blog rumors in the course of the event transmission, and the invasion of the right to privacy during the event spread process. The scope and extent of the crime, the process of generating and eliminating the polarization of Internet users on micro-blog platform in the process of event propagation.
3, from the three angles of technology, main body and external environment, the reasons of micro-blog ethical anomie in the communication process of network public events are discussed, and the technical roots include: the self media characteristics of micro-blog put forward new challenges to the moral standards of micro-blog users; the absence of "control" of "micro-blog" is easy to lead to the overflow of language violence. And the increase of privacy violations; the "fragmented" characteristics of micro-blog easily lead to "out of context" and the birth and spread of rumors; the "nuclear fission" of micro-blog is easy to induce irrational behavior, such as group polarization. The main source of the main includes: the exclusion of the natural attributes of micro-blog users to the moral code of the micro-blog; Some micro-blog users' moral consciousness is indifferent and lack; the micro-blog users' conforming psychology can also easily lead to ethical anomie. The external source mainly includes the conflict between personal moral emotion and the public moral emotion in the network public events; the micro-blog makes the users vent and Carnival psychology in the transmission of the network public events and the micro-blog ethics. The construction of norms and laws and regulations is lagging behind and without tolerance.
4, on the basis of the phenomenon of micro-blog Ethics Anomie and the analysis of the reasons for it, using Lythgoe's theory of "network behavior standard force", this paper studies the regulation methods of micro-blog Ethics Anomie from construction, self-discipline, control and supervision, and analyzes the construction of the ethics principle of micro-blog in the dimension of the norms of the construction of the ethical principles of the micro-blog should follow the innocuity. The principle, the principle of fairness, the principle of respect, the principle of responsibility, discuss the ethical bottom line of the transmission of micro-blog in the transmission of network public events, and analyze the formulation and improvement of the ethical norms such as the current micro-blog self-discipline convention. On the self-discipline dimension of micro-blog users, we have studied the media micro-blog, the opinion leader micro-blog, the ordinary micro-blog user. On the level of law, it is believed that micro-blog operators should strengthen self-discipline and heteronomy, put forward that we should embed moral factors in the technical design of micro-blog system, strengthen the audit of micro-blog content, define and deal with the ethical anomie behavior of the micro-blog users, open up the official account number of the micro-blog, and consider the government department at the regulatory level. The door should be good management and good use, put forward to strengthen the construction of government micro-blog, respond to public concern in time, speed up the legislative step of micro-blog, make the supervision of micro-blog have rules, and form three measures, such as law, public and scientific supervision mechanism, and guide the healthy development of the micro-blog.
It is of great theoretical significance to explore the ethical anomie and its regulatory Countermeasures of micro-blog in the dissemination of network public events. It has important theoretical significance for enriching the connotation of network ethics. At the same time, the research on the ethical issues of micro-blog in the transmission of network public events is of great significance not only to the healthy development of micro-blog, which is a new thing (micro-blog has appeared in China). The problem has been closed and rectified many times by the government departments, and it is of great practical significance for micro-blog users to use micro-blog reasonably and to use micro-blog correctly after the network public events occur, and to pay attention to and cope with the situation development in time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D631.43;G206

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