發(fā)布時間：2018-04-18 09:05

  本文選題：有組織犯罪 + 刑事政策��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 有組織犯罪是一種極其嚴(yán)重的犯罪現(xiàn)象,它嚴(yán)重破壞社會的穩(wěn)定,阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會文明的進(jìn)步,已經(jīng)引起世界各國和國際社會的高度重視。各國及國際社會對有組織犯罪問題也做了大量的研究,對于有組織犯罪問題的研究,不僅是在于探究其理論意義,更在于對現(xiàn)實(shí)的關(guān)注。本文運(yùn)用比較的方法探討了有組織犯罪的概念,并提出自己的觀點(diǎn);通過理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)案例相結(jié)合的方法,分析了有組織犯罪的成因,進(jìn)而提出了預(yù)防和懲治有組織犯罪的刑事政策對策、法律對策、國際合作對策,以及其他一系列旨在治本的對策等。 文章共分為三大部分,具體內(nèi)容如下: 第一部分探討了有組織犯罪的概念問題。首先介紹了各國立法對于有組織犯罪的概念的界定,并對其作了相應(yīng)的比較與分析,指出其優(yōu)勢與不足;接著介紹了各國學(xué)術(shù)界對有組織犯罪的概念的界定,并加以分析;在分析與比較的基礎(chǔ)上提出有組織犯罪的概念,認(rèn)為有組織犯罪是指以非法獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益為目的,由5人或5人以上組成的組織結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、等級森嚴(yán)且長期相對穩(wěn)定,有組織的采取暴力或以暴力相威脅為后盾、擁有雄厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力,并借助于“保護(hù)傘”的保護(hù)的組織故意實(shí)施的犯罪活動。指出有組織犯罪必須同時具備以下特征:1.從目的上來講,必須是以非法獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益為目的;2.在組織結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)模上,由5人或5人以上組成,內(nèi)部組織結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、等級森嚴(yán),形成一個“金字塔”式的權(quán)力分布體系;3.往往有“保護(hù)傘”對其犯罪活動進(jìn)行庇護(hù);4.在犯罪手段和方式上,具有暴力性的特征;5.在穩(wěn)定性上,一般是長期存在,成員基本固定;6.該類組織一般都有較為雄厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力。在此基礎(chǔ)上界定了黑社會(性質(zhì))組織僅僅是有組織犯罪的一種形態(tài),區(qū)分了有組織犯罪與恐怖主義組織、邪教組織犯罪。這些界定基本上反映了各國對有組織犯罪的共識,同時也反映了當(dāng)前有組織犯罪的形勢。 第二部分結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí),選取典型案例分析了有組織犯罪的政治成因、經(jīng)濟(jì)成因、社會成因、個體成因。認(rèn)為惡劣的政治氣候、經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的驅(qū)使、社會現(xiàn)代化帶來的貧富差距,人際疏離、家庭解組問題、個體生理瑕疵等因素交互作用,促成了有組織犯罪。 第三部分針對前兩部分的分析,提出了針對有組織犯罪的相應(yīng)的對策和建議。重點(diǎn)介紹了防控有組織犯罪的刑事政策對策、立法對策和國際合作對策。首先,對于防控有組織犯罪的刑事政策對策,要貫徹落實(shí)好寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)的刑事政策,要求對有組織犯罪做到依法嚴(yán)懲,司法機(jī)關(guān)必須恪守罪刑法定原則,嚴(yán)格依照相關(guān)法律的規(guī)定,不能為了片面追求社會秩序之穩(wěn)定、追求懲惡的客觀效果而擅自曲解“寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)”刑事政策的應(yīng)有之義,打擊有組織犯罪“依法”與“嚴(yán)懲”二者協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一,缺一不可。切忌搞“一刀切”,將相互之間聯(lián)系不多或者偶有聯(lián)系的共同犯罪人彼此串聯(lián)在一起,組合成“黑社會性質(zhì)組織”,造成不良社會影響。司法機(jī)關(guān)務(wù)必應(yīng)盡快消除這種錯誤做法,嚴(yán)格依法將黑社會性質(zhì)組織與有組織犯罪的其他組織形態(tài),以及與恐怖組織、邪教組織、普通的刑事團(tuán)伙犯罪等區(qū)分開來。其次,針對有組織犯罪的政治成因建議要貫徹落實(shí)繼續(xù)、深入反腐的刑事政策,鏟除有組織犯罪的“保護(hù)傘”,營造良好的政治氣候,這也是徹底清除有組織犯罪的重要途徑之一。第二,對于有組織犯罪的立法對策,在分析現(xiàn)有立法缺陷的基礎(chǔ)上提出以下建議:1.擴(kuò)大罪名的設(shè)定;2.必須針對有組織犯罪的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)在刑罰的設(shè)置上加入財產(chǎn)刑,而且在財產(chǎn)刑的適用的基礎(chǔ)之上,還應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)和完善對犯罪組織的犯罪收益的沒收和追征制度;3.針對有組織犯罪結(jié)構(gòu)較為嚴(yán)密,不宜偵破等特點(diǎn),可在自首、緩刑、假釋、累犯等規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步明確化;4.加大與之關(guān)聯(lián)的犯罪行為的打擊力度。并在程序法上作相應(yīng)的完善,如借鑒日本的通信監(jiān)聽制度、西方的污點(diǎn)證人制度、加大對被害人的保護(hù)等。并從法律適用層面提出了相應(yīng)的對策。第三,從國際合作角度提出應(yīng)對有組織犯罪的對策。最后文章提出了綜合治理的對策,以期取的標(biāo)本兼治的效果。
[Abstract]:Organized crime is a very serious crime phenomenon, which seriously undermines social stability, hinder the development of economy and the progress of social civilization, has attracted great attention of the world and the international community. The international community and countries around the world have done a lot of research on organized crime, for the study of organized crime. Not only is to explore its theoretical significance, but also in focus on reality. This paper discusses the concept of organized crime, and put forward their views; method by theoretical and practical cases, analyzes the causes of organized crime, and then puts forward the countermeasures to prevent and punish the criminal policy, organized the Criminal Legal Countermeasures, countermeasures of international cooperation, and other a series of fundamental countermeasures.
The article is divided into three parts, and the specific contents are as follows:
The first part discusses the concept of organized crime. First introduced the legislation for the definition of the concept of organized crime, and makes a comparison and analysis of the corresponding, pointing out its advantages and disadvantages; then introduces the academic circles different concepts of organized crime in the world, and analyzes the concept; organized crime in the basis of analysis and comparison, that organized crime refers to the illegal access to economic benefits for the purpose, consisting of more than 5 people or 5 people structured, hierarchical and relatively stable for a long term, organized to take violence or threat of violence as the backing, has strong economic the strength of protection, and with the help of "umbrella" of the organization implementation of deliberate criminal activities. Organizedcrime must also have the following characteristics: 1. from the purpose of speaking, must be to illegally obtain economic benefits for the purpose; 2. in the organizational structure and scale, consisting of more than 5 people or 5 people, the internal organization structure is rigorous, hierarchical, power distribution system formed a "Pyramid" type; 3. are "umbrella" for asylum on the criminal activities; 4. in criminal means and methods, with the characteristics of sexual violence in 5.; stability, usually exist for a long time, members of the basic fixed; 6. such organizations are generally more abundant economic strength. This paper defines the Underworld (nature) organization is just a form of organized crime, the distinction between organized crime and terrorist organizations, the cult crimes. The definition basically reflects the international consensus on organized crime, but also reflects the current situation of organized crime.
The second part combined with the reality, select a typical case to analyze the political causes of organized crime, economic causes, social causes and individual causes. That bad political climate, economic interests, social modernization has brought the gap between rich and poor, interpersonal alienation, family group problem, interaction of the individual physiological defects and other factors, have contributed to the organized crime.
The third part according to the analysis of the two parts, puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for organized crime. The criminal policy focuses on the countermeasure of prevention and control of organized crime, legislative measures and international cooperation measures. First of all, the criminal policy countermeasures for the prevention and control of organized crime, to implement the criminal policy of combining punishment with leniency requirements for organized crime, be punished according to the law, the judicial organ must abide by the principle of legality, in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the law, not in order to stabilize the one-sided pursuit of social order, the pursuit of the objective effect resulting from evil and distortion of "Leniency" of the criminal policy, the fight against organized crime according to law "and" "severely punish" the coordination of the two, are indispensable. Do not engage in "broad brush" will not contact between each other or occasionally contact joint offenders in series with each other, combined into" The underworld organization ", resulting in adverse social impact. The judiciary must be as soon as possible to eliminate the wrong way, will be in strict accordance with the Mafia and other organized crime organization, as well as terrorist organizations, cults, ordinary criminal gang crime to distinguish. Secondly, according to the proposed political causes of organized crime to continue to implement, in-depth anti-corruption criminal policy, the eradication of organized crime" umbrella ", to create a favorable political climate, it is also one of the important ways to completely remove the organized crime. In second, for the Legislative Countermeasures of organized crime, put forward the following suggestions based on the analysis of the existing legislation on expanding the charges: 1. setting; 2. must be based on the economy of organized crime add property punishment in the penalty setting, and on the basis of the application of property penalty, we should also strengthen and The perfection of the criminal organizations confiscation and zhuizheng system; 3. for organized crime structure is relatively tight, not detected in characteristics, surrender, probation, parole, etc. based on the regulations to further clarify the recidivist; 4. increase associated with crime crackdown. And the corresponding improvement in the procedure, such as the communication monitoring system, the tainted witness system, strengthen the protection of victims. The corresponding countermeasures are proposed from the application of the law. Third, put forward the Countermeasures of organized crime from the perspective of international cooperation to deal with. Finally the paper put forward the Countermeasures for comprehensive treatment, in order to take effect the specimen and cure.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D917

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本文編號：1767691