本文選題：痕跡鑒定　切入點：鑒定意見　出處：《甘肅政法學院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在現代法律與鑒定科學中,法律和鑒定意見兩者的關系從相互抵觸質疑到磨合質證再到相互促進,這個過程中兩者發(fā)生的變化已難以詳細追根索源。然而兩者的邏輯關系在當下仍然模糊不清且難以標準清晰地界定,其主要體現在庭審過程中法官認證能力不足、鑒定客體證明力不足、審判程序存在缺陷、庭審認證責任歸屬等突出問題。就痕跡鑒定意見而言,它在庭審認證中則是“以事實為依據,以法律為準繩”的根本體現。然而我國目前對痕跡鑒定意見庭審認證的理論與實踐的研究明顯偏少,因此本文選擇對其顯現的問題進行探析并提出相應的解決建議。本文共分為四個部分第一章是痕跡鑒定意見的基礎理論部分。探討了痕跡鑒定意見的理論基礎,首先重點闡述得出痕跡鑒定意見應具備程序上的正當性,其次討論了痕跡鑒定意見作為庭審證據的客觀證據的可接受性標準。以上探析為本文對痕跡鑒定意見與庭審認證兩者的結合研究提供了理論依據。第二章是痕跡鑒定意見庭審認證的概述。該部分首先對痕跡鑒定意見作為客觀證據在庭審認證中發(fā)揮的作用進行了分析,同時探析了兩者密切結合的相關理論依據。最后從相關法律法規(guī)的立法角度和司法審判的實踐運用中分析痕跡鑒定意見在庭審認證的過程中存在的問題。第三章為痕跡鑒定意見在審判程序中的質證分析。首先分析了法官對痕跡鑒定意見認證能力不足,包括:法官對證據證明力認識不足;法官在審判過程中的質證能力不足;法官的對鑒定意見辨析的整體理論知識儲備不足。其次對痕跡鑒定意見自身存在的客觀問題缺陷進行了分析,也對痕跡鑒定庭審認證兩者的結合從程序上缺陷進行了探析。最后就鑒定意見的認證責任歸屬問題進行了研究并提出了劃分認證責任的理論建議。第四章是痕跡鑒定意見庭審認證標準的探析。只有從標準化認證的概念出發(fā),作為科學的司法鑒定和法律工作才能基本在刑事訴訟中達到統(tǒng)一。所以針對本文前三部分所分析的問題本文于第四章提出了痕跡鑒定意見在庭審認證過程中的一些客觀標準建議。主要包括:認證標準的建議、認證采信依據的建議以及認證的技術程序規(guī)范建議。該章節(jié)不僅是對本文所提出相關問題質疑的解答也是本文的創(chuàng)新點之所在。
[Abstract]:In modern law and appraisal science, the relationship between law and appraisal opinion is from conflicting questioning to running-in cross-examination to mutual promotion. In this process, it is difficult to trace the root source of the two changes in detail.However, the logical relationship between the two is still unclear and difficult to define clearly, which is mainly reflected in the lack of judges' authentication ability, the lack of object proof, and the defects of the trial procedure.Trial authentication responsibility attribution and other outstanding issues.As far as the opinion of trace identification is concerned, it is the fundamental embodiment of "based on facts and rule by law" in the trial certification.However, at present, the research on the theory and practice of the trail appraisal opinion court authentication in our country is on the low side, so this paper chooses to analyze the problems and put forward the corresponding solutions.This paper is divided into four parts: the first chapter is the basic theory part of trace identification opinion.This paper discusses the theoretical basis of the opinion of trace identification. Firstly, it expounds that the opinion of trace identification should have procedural legitimacy, and then discusses the standard of acceptability of the opinion of trace identification as objective evidence of trial evidence.The above analysis provides a theoretical basis for the research of the combination of trace identification opinion and trial authentication.The second chapter is the trace appraisal opinion trial authentication summary.In this part, the author analyzes the function of trace identification opinion as objective evidence in the trial certification, and analyzes the relevant theoretical basis for the close combination of the two.Finally, from the legislative angle of relevant laws and regulations and the practice of judicial trial, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the process of judicial authentication.The third chapter is the trace appraisal opinion in the trial procedure cross-examination analysis.Firstly, the author analyzes the lack of the judge's ability to authenticate the opinion of trace identification, including: the judge's insufficient understanding of the power of proof; the insufficiency of the judge's ability of cross-examination in the course of trial; the lack of the whole theoretical knowledge reserve of judge's discriminating opinion.Secondly, the paper analyzes the defects of trace identification opinion itself, and also analyzes the procedural defects of the combination of trace identification and trial authentication.Finally, this paper studies the attribution of authentication responsibility and puts forward some theoretical suggestions on how to divide the authentication responsibility.The fourth chapter is the trace appraisal opinion trial authentication standard analysis.Only from the concept of standardized authentication, as a scientific judicial identification and legal work can basically achieve unity in criminal proceedings.Therefore, in the fourth chapter, the author puts forward some objective standard suggestions of trace identification opinion in the process of court authentication for the problems analyzed in the first three parts of this paper.Mainly include: the recommendation of the certification standard, the recommendation of the basis of the certification and the recommendation of the technical procedure of the certification.This chapter is not only the answer to the questions raised in this paper, but also the innovation of this paper.
【學位授予單位】：甘肅政法學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D918.91

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