本文選題：勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度　切入點(diǎn)：勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度缺陷　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 作為一種在我國(guó)存在了五十多年的制度,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度可以說(shuō)是有鮮明中國(guó)特色的一種制度。但這種制度發(fā)展到今天,在以法治原則作為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的前提下,是否符合法治國(guó)家的要求已越來(lái)越成為備受矚目的問(wèn)題。特別是隨著我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的深入,在日益加強(qiáng)的國(guó)際人權(quán)對(duì)話和交流中,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的法治化成了一個(gè)更為刻不容緩的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,關(guān)于勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的“廢除論”和“完善論”在激烈地大碰撞著。但一種制度的產(chǎn)生具有其特定的歷史根據(jù),因而對(duì)其存在合理性的考察必須以特定的時(shí)空背景作為判斷的主要依據(jù)。所以不能簡(jiǎn)單地抹殺勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度,亦不能任期弊端發(fā)展下去而不改,而應(yīng)該認(rèn)真考察、分析這一制度存在的主要問(wèn)題與弊端,尋求改革的正確途徑和有效措施。 勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度存在重大制度性缺陷：一是勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的法律依據(jù)不足；二是勞教的性質(zhì)與其實(shí)際嚴(yán)厲程度不相匹配。限制被勞教人員的人身自由期限長(zhǎng)達(dá)1-3年,最高可達(dá)4年。剝奪人身自由的強(qiáng)度雖與監(jiān)獄有所區(qū)別,但從本質(zhì)無(wú)異的情況來(lái)看,其性質(zhì)與刑事處罰無(wú)異。在與刑罰相銜接時(shí),勞教處罰更加嚴(yán)厲。一些不夠適用短期徒刑或拘役、管制的對(duì)象,卻可以決定實(shí)行長(zhǎng)達(dá)1-3年、甚至4年的勞教；三是勞教的審批和管理缺乏必要的司法程序和司法監(jiān)督。 改革勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的思路是：一要適用條件法定化；二是要?jiǎng)诮烫幏州p緩化；三是要執(zhí)行手段多樣化；四是要?jiǎng)诮坛绦蛩痉ɑ?jiān)持的原則是：一是必須始終堅(jiān)持依法治國(guó)的原則；二是堅(jiān)持保障人權(quán)與維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序相統(tǒng)一、相均衡的原則；三是堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)一、完整、全面、規(guī)范立法的原則；四是堅(jiān)持積極穩(wěn)妥改革的原則。 在改革與完善勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度,使勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度司法化,盡快出臺(tái)《違法行為矯治法》的具體實(shí)踐中,有四項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是必須重點(diǎn)改革的：一是要改革勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的性質(zhì)；二是要改革勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的收容對(duì)象；三是要改革勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的審批程序；四是要改革勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的管理方式。這一切的前提,是必須盡快通過(guò)《違法行為矯治法》,使這項(xiàng)制度有法可依,加快立法的進(jìn)程可先小范圍嘗試,再地方先行,最后在全國(guó)推廣。
[Abstract]:As a system that has existed in our country for more than 50 years, the system of re-education through labor can be said to have distinct Chinese characteristics. Whether it conforms to the requirements of a country governed by the rule of law has become an increasingly high-profile issue. In particular, with the deepening of China's reform and opening up, and in the course of increasing international dialogue and exchanges on human rights, The rule of law of reeducation through labor has become a more urgent hot issue. The theory of abolition and perfection of the system of re-education through labor is colliding with each other. But the emergence of a system has its specific historical basis. Therefore, the investigation of the rationality of its existence must be based on a specific space-time background as the main basis of judgment. Therefore, the system of re-education through labour cannot be simply obliterated, nor can the malpractice of tenure be developed without modification, but it should be carefully investigated. The main problems and disadvantages of this system are analyzed, and the correct ways and effective measures of reform are sought. There are major institutional defects in the system of re-education through labor: first, the legal basis of the system is insufficient; second, the nature of re-education through labour does not match its actual severity. Up to four years. Although the intensity of deprivation of personal liberty is different from that of prisons, the nature of deprivation of person is no different from that of criminal punishment in terms of its nature. The punishment of reeducation through labour is more severe. Some of the objects under control are not suitable for short term imprisonment or criminal detention, but they may decide to carry out reeducation through labour for 1-3 years or even 4 years; third, the examination and approval and management of reeducation through labour lacks the necessary judicial procedure and judicial supervision. The train of thought of reforming the system of reeducation through labor is as follows: first, to apply conditions and legalization; second, to slow down the punishment of re-education through labor; third, to diversify the means of implementation; Fourth, the judicial process of re-education through labour. The principles to be adhered to are: first, the principle of governing the country according to law must always be adhered to; second, the principle of unity and balance between safeguarding human rights and maintaining social order; and third, the principle of unity, integrity, and comprehensiveness. Fourth, adhere to the principle of positive and steady reform. In the concrete practice of reforming and perfecting the system of reeducation through labor, making the system of reeducation through labor judicature and issuing the Law of Correction of illegal acts as soon as possible, there are four contents that must be reformed: first, to reform the nature of the system of re-education through labor; The second is to reform the receiving object of the re-education through labor system; the third is to reform the examination and approval procedure of the re-education through labor system; and the fourth is to reform the management method of the re-education through labor system. It is necessary to pass the Law on Correction of illegal acts as soon as possible, so that this system can be governed by laws, and the process of speeding up legislation can be tried in a small scope first, followed by places first, and finally popularized throughout the country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D926.8

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