本文選題：勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度　切入點(diǎn)：立法缺陷　出處：《貴州大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度是我國(guó)獨(dú)創(chuàng)的對(duì)特定對(duì)象限制人身自由進(jìn)行強(qiáng)制性教育改造的一種法律制度。五十多年來(lái),勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度先后教育和改造了300多萬(wàn)違法犯罪分子,在維護(hù)社會(huì)治安、預(yù)防犯罪方面發(fā)揮了十分重要的作用。但是,隨著我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的不斷深入,依法治國(guó)制度的逐步確立和完善,民眾對(duì)民主法治的要求日益提高,對(duì)人權(quán)、程序正義和公正等問(wèn)題的日益重視,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的缺陷越來(lái)越凸顯出來(lái)。在憲法方面,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的憲法依據(jù)是關(guān)于公民義務(wù)的規(guī)范。但隨著社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,我國(guó)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)也由過(guò)去一元化的政治社會(huì)逐步向二元化的政治社會(huì)和市民社會(huì)演變,國(guó)家和公民的關(guān)系發(fā)生了根本的變化,政府根據(jù)憲法關(guān)于公民義務(wù)的規(guī)范來(lái)限制公民人身自由的合法性受到質(zhì)疑。在行政法方面,《行政處罰法》、特別是《立法法》的頒布實(shí)施,引發(fā)了勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度在立法主體方面的合法性危機(jī)。除此之外,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度以防衛(wèi)社會(huì)為邏輯起點(diǎn),以人身危險(xiǎn)性為評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),普遍存在對(duì)尚不夠刑事處罰的違法犯罪分子施以比部分刑罰還要嚴(yán)厲的處罰,也引起了廣泛的爭(zhēng)議。因此,如何使我國(guó)已經(jīng)不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)實(shí)要求的勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度煥發(fā)出新的生命力,就需要在勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的立法上進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的完善。 本論文通過(guò)對(duì)中國(guó)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的歷史、法律依據(jù)、性質(zhì),勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的對(duì)象和范圍等方面加以闡述,同時(shí)也對(duì)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)存在的弊端進(jìn)行探討,對(duì)當(dāng)今諸多學(xué)者對(duì)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度所持觀點(diǎn)的分析以及將勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度與國(guó)外相關(guān)法律制度的比較,從法理角度和實(shí)踐角度提出完善勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的立法思路和建議,以便能更好地服務(wù)于中國(guó)的改革開(kāi)放、現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)和和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)建。 本論文共分為五個(gè)部分： 第一章勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的歷史發(fā)展及其性質(zhì)。首先對(duì)我國(guó)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的歷史進(jìn)行了闡述,并對(duì)該制度所取得的歷史成就進(jìn)行了總結(jié),最后對(duì)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的性質(zhì)闡述了筆者的看法,進(jìn)行了評(píng)析。 第二章勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度與國(guó)外相關(guān)法律制度的比較。該章對(duì)西方輕罪制度進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹和評(píng)析,并與中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度進(jìn)行比較；同時(shí)對(duì)西方保安處分制度的歷史發(fā)展,不同的立法模式進(jìn)行了介紹,并歸納出司法適用的一般條件,也與中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度進(jìn)行了異同比較。 第三章勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的立法缺陷。勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度在實(shí)體法方面的缺陷：缺少充分的法律依據(jù),缺乏合法性；與《行政處罰法》《立法法》規(guī)定的內(nèi)容存在較大的矛盾和沖突；不符合比例原則,強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)不合理。勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度在程序法方面的缺陷：與程序中立原則相沖突；與程序參與原則相矛盾。 第四章勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的存廢之爭(zhēng)。首先列舉了存置論與廢除論的幾種主要觀點(diǎn),然后筆者對(duì)其進(jìn)行了深入淺出的分析,最后發(fā)表了自己的看法。筆者認(rèn)為,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的存在和發(fā)展有著深厚的理論基礎(chǔ)(馬克思主義、毛澤東思想和鄧小平理論),在理論上具有合理性。 第五章立法完善中國(guó)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的思路和建議。首先從以下兩個(gè)方面對(duì)當(dāng)前亟需完善中國(guó)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的必要性作了理論評(píng)析：健全中國(guó)的司法行政制度以推動(dòng)依法行政；維護(hù)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)人員的合法權(quán)益以促進(jìn)和諧社會(huì)的建立。其次,提出了從法理和實(shí)踐的兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)一步完善中國(guó)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的途徑,并就立法完善中國(guó)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度提出了具體的對(duì)策性思路和建議。
[Abstract]:The system of reeducation through labor is a kind of legal system of our country on the original object specific restriction of personal freedom of compulsory education reform. Over the past fifty years, the system of reeducation through labor and education has transformed about 3000000 criminals, in maintaining social order, crime prevention has played a very important role. However, with the deepening of our China's reform and opening up, establishing and perfecting law system, the public demands for democracy and the rule of law is increasing, increasing emphasis on human rights, justice and fair procedures and other issues, the system of reeducation through labor shortage is becoming more and more prominent. In the constitution, the constitution of the system of reeducation through labor is about the civil obligation. But with the social, political and economic development, the social structure of our country from the past unified political society gradually to two yuan of social and political evolution of civil society, the state A fundamental change between the legitimacy of the government and citizens, to restrict the personal freedom of citizens according to constitutional norms on citizenship has been questioned. In the aspect of administrative law, administrative punishment law > < < >, especially the legislation law of the promulgation and implementation of the system of reeducation through labor, triggered a crisis of legitimacy in the legislative body. In addition, the system of reeducation through labor is the logical starting point to defend the society, take the personal risk as the criterion, common to more severe than some penalty of punishment is not serious enough for criminal punishment of criminals, but also caused wide controversy. Therefore, how to make our country has not meet the requirements of reality the system of reeducation through labor full of new vitality, we need in the system of reeducation through labor legislation be perfected further.
鏈鏂囬，

本文編號(hào)：1632739