本文選題：環(huán)境犯罪　切入點：犯罪生成　出處：《華南理工大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目前,我國環(huán)境狀況持續(xù)惡化,環(huán)境問題仍然是經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中的突出問題,破壞環(huán)境資源的大案要案時有發(fā)生,反映出我國現(xiàn)行規(guī)制環(huán)境違法乃至犯罪的法律法規(guī)存在一定的缺陷。其中較為突出的是,針對環(huán)境犯罪的預(yù)防機制不完善、手段不充分、規(guī)制不科學,難以達到較好的預(yù)防效果。因此,有必要以提高預(yù)防環(huán)境犯罪的實際效果為目的,針對刑法預(yù)防環(huán)境犯罪的局限與不足,通過研究視角和范式的轉(zhuǎn)換,從犯罪學視角研究環(huán)境犯罪的成因及機理,從而為進一步完善我國環(huán)境犯罪立法、構(gòu)建有效環(huán)境犯罪預(yù)防體系提供理論支撐和對策。本文以犯罪學為視角,采用文獻分析方法、比較研究方法、實證研究方法和案例研究方法,并綜合運用刑法學、社會學、經(jīng)濟學等領(lǐng)域中的相關(guān)研究范式展開了論述。對于環(huán)境犯罪預(yù)防的研究,本文基本遵循了犯罪學研究的基本方法與路徑。在對國內(nèi)外環(huán)境犯罪預(yù)防現(xiàn)狀進行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,依據(jù)環(huán)境犯罪產(chǎn)生的原因,本文初步構(gòu)建了環(huán)境犯罪的預(yù)防體系。該體系以消滅“帶菌個體”、“犯罪情境”和“社會控制弱化”這三個致罪因素為目的,通過多方主體的共同作用,形成了由橫縱交錯的兩個子系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成的環(huán)境犯罪預(yù)防體系。其中,橫向子系統(tǒng)圍繞犯罪預(yù)防和被害預(yù)防展開�？v向子系統(tǒng)則按照環(huán)境犯罪發(fā)生發(fā)展的自然規(guī)律與先后順序?qū)h(huán)境犯罪預(yù)防分為“第一層預(yù)防”、“第二層預(yù)防”和“第三層預(yù)防”。社會預(yù)防作為“第一層預(yù)防”,是三層預(yù)防體系中最廣泛的防線,具體包括宏觀社會預(yù)防和微觀社會預(yù)防兩方面。其中宏觀社會預(yù)防包括確立預(yù)防優(yōu)先的指導(dǎo)思想、完善環(huán)境公益訴訟制度原告資格、樹立公民環(huán)境道德意識和大力發(fā)展環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)。微觀社會預(yù)防主要是以家庭、學校、社區(qū)、企業(yè)和被害人作為主體,通過這五類主體的自我完善來進一步鞏固環(huán)境犯罪的第一道防線。情境預(yù)防是“第二層預(yù)防”,起著承上啟下的作用。其主要是圍繞增加犯罪難度、提高犯罪風險、降低犯罪回報、減少犯罪刺激和排除犯罪借口這五類措施對環(huán)境犯罪進行預(yù)防。作為“第三層預(yù)防”,刑罰預(yù)防是環(huán)境犯罪預(yù)防的最后一道防線。具體可分為環(huán)境犯罪立法預(yù)防和環(huán)境犯罪司法預(yù)防兩個方面。在環(huán)境犯罪刑事立法方面,一是確立多元的環(huán)境犯罪立法模式,二是增設(shè)新的環(huán)境犯罪罪名,三是完善環(huán)境犯罪刑罰適用原則,四是完善環(huán)境犯罪刑罰適用種類。在環(huán)境犯罪刑事司法方面,一是要成立環(huán)境污損司法鑒定機構(gòu),二是要綜合運用各種因果關(guān)系證明理論,三是提高司法人員專業(yè)水平,四是建立環(huán)境行政執(zhí)法與司法聯(lián)動機制,五是充分發(fā)揮環(huán)保法庭的作用,六是建設(shè)環(huán)保警察隊伍。
[Abstract]:At present, the environmental situation in China continues to deteriorate, and environmental problems are still prominent problems in economic and social development, and major cases of damaging environmental resources occur from time to time. It reflects that there are some defects in the current laws and regulations governing environmental law and even crime in our country, among which, the prevention mechanism for environmental crime is not perfect, the means are not sufficient, and the regulation is not scientific. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the actual effect of environmental crime prevention, aiming at the limitations and shortcomings of the criminal law to prevent environmental crime, through the change of research perspective and paradigm. This paper studies the causes and mechanism of environmental crime from the perspective of criminology, so as to provide theoretical support and countermeasures for the further improvement of environmental crime legislation and the construction of effective environmental crime prevention system. The comparative research methods, the empirical research methods and the case study methods, and the comprehensive use of criminal law, sociology, economics and other related research paradigms are discussed. This article has basically followed the basic method and path of criminology research. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of environmental crime prevention at home and abroad, according to the causes of environmental crime, In this paper, the prevention system of environmental crime is preliminarily constructed. The system aims at eliminating the three culprit factors, I. e., "individuals with bacteria", "crime situation" and "weakening of social control", through the joint action of various subjects. Forming an environmental crime prevention system composed of two subsystems, which are crosswise and crisscrossed. The horizontal subsystem revolves around crime prevention and victimization prevention. The vertical subsystem divides environmental crime prevention into "first level prevention", "second level prevention" and "second level prevention" according to the natural law and order of the occurrence and development of environmental crime. As the first level of prevention, social prevention is the most extensive defense line in the three-tier prevention system. Including macro social prevention and micro social prevention, including establishing the guiding ideology of prevention priority, perfecting the plaintiff's qualification of environmental public interest litigation system, Establish citizens' environmental moral consciousness and vigorously develop environmental protection industry. Micro social prevention mainly takes family, school, community, enterprise and victim as the main body. Through the self-improvement of these five kinds of subjects, the first line of defense of environmental crime is further consolidated. Situational prevention is "the second level of prevention", which plays the role of connecting the preceding and the following. It mainly revolves around increasing the difficulty of the crime and increasing the risk of the crime. Reducing the return on crime, As the third layer of prevention, penalty prevention is the last line of defense of environmental crime prevention. It can be divided into the prevention of environmental crime legislation and the prevention of environmental crime legislation. Two aspects of judicial prevention of environmental crime. In the criminal legislation of environmental crime, The first is to establish a diversified legislative model of environmental crime, the second is to add new charges of environmental crime, the third is to perfect the applicable principles of environmental crime penalty, and the fourth is to perfect the applicable types of environmental crime penalty. In the criminal justice aspect of environmental crime, First, it is necessary to set up a judicial identification agency for environmental pollution; second, to comprehensively apply various theories of causality proof; third, to improve the professional level of judicial personnel; and fourth, to establish a mechanism of environmental administrative law enforcement and judicial linkage. Fifth, give full play to the role of environmental courts, and six is to build the environmental protection police force.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D917.6

【引證文獻】

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1 陳志榮;;論環(huán)境犯罪偵查之完善——以紫金礦業(yè)污染案為視角[A];生態(tài)安全與環(huán)境風險防范法治建設(shè)——2011年全國環(huán)境資源法學研討會（年會）論文集（第三冊）[C];2011年

2 陳玉范;;關(guān)于環(huán)境犯罪被害人問題的一孔之見[A];中國犯罪學學會第十七屆學術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2008年

3 汪勁;;從刑罰適用看我國危害環(huán)境犯罪立法思想的沿革與發(fā)展[A];經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變與環(huán)境、資源與能源法律實踐會議論文集[C];2010年

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本文編號：1584299