本文選題：基層　切入點：刑事　出處：《西南財經大學》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國社會主義法制建設的推進,刑事案件的辦理也越來越嚴格化、正規(guī)化。刑事案件現(xiàn)場勘驗是偵查破案的首要環(huán)節(jié),現(xiàn)場勘驗獲取的證據(jù)作為客觀物證在當前的訴訟程序中的作用及意義已遠遠大于犯罪嫌疑人的口供等文字證據(jù)。但由于受到職權主義訴訟模式的較大影響,我國刑事訴訟中“重實體、輕程序”、“重打擊,輕保護”、“重權力,輕權利”的傳統(tǒng)觀點沒有得到根本改善,實踐中常常出現(xiàn)取證不合法的情況,尤其是刑訊逼供屢禁不止,雖然法律已經明令禁止,但有些偵查人員仍要以身試法。因此,刑事案件現(xiàn)場勘驗中能否取得相應的物證、取得證據(jù)的手段、程序是否合法不僅影響到案件能否成功破案,同時也關系到案件訴訟能否順利進行。 當前,我國正處于人民內部矛盾凸顯、刑事犯罪高發(fā)、對敵斗爭復雜時期,公安機關打擊犯罪、保護人民、維護社會穩(wěn)定的任務繁重艱巨。同時,社會主義法制建設不斷完善,社會各界對公安執(zhí)法活動的監(jiān)督力度不斷增強。這樣的背景下,公安機關開展現(xiàn)場勘驗工作越來越重,對現(xiàn)場勘驗的要求也越來越高。如何能夠圓滿地完成現(xiàn)場勘驗任務,更好地為偵查破案服務,為訴訟服務,提高刑事案件現(xiàn)場勘驗的能力和水平,是擺在各級基層公安機關面前的一項重大而緊迫的任務。 第一部分,導論。本部分主要是介紹本文研究的目的意義等內容,具體包括問題的提出、文獻綜述、研究的意義和目的、論文的思路、論文的創(chuàng)新點與不足等方面。 第二部分,刑事現(xiàn)場及刑事現(xiàn)場勘驗的基礎理論概述。本章主要介紹刑事現(xiàn)場及現(xiàn)場勘驗的基本理論。首先對于刑事現(xiàn)場的基本定義及其特定進行相關闡述,進而對于現(xiàn)場勘驗的內容進行解釋。 第三部分,我國基層刑事現(xiàn)場勘驗存在的問題。本章主要對于我國現(xiàn)行體制下基層現(xiàn)場勘驗存在的勘驗技術人員配備不足、現(xiàn)場指揮工作不到位、現(xiàn)場保護不專業(yè)及現(xiàn)場見證人不規(guī)范等問題進行闡述。 第四部分,國外現(xiàn)場勘驗相關情況考察。本章主要對美國、加拿大、日本等國的現(xiàn)場勘驗設置情況進行闡述,從中找尋差距,發(fā)現(xiàn)在我國現(xiàn)行體制下現(xiàn)場勘驗制度的改進方向。 第五部分,現(xiàn)行體制下我國現(xiàn)場勘驗能力改進方法。本章主要針對現(xiàn)行體制下我國現(xiàn)場勘驗存在的相關問題提出相適應的改進方法。
[Abstract]:With the development of the socialist legal system in our country, the handling of criminal cases is becoming more and more strict and regularized. The on-site investigation of criminal cases is the primary link in investigating and solving cases. The role and significance of the evidence obtained by the on-site investigation as objective material evidence in the current litigation procedure has been far greater than that of the verbal evidence such as the confession of the criminal suspect. However, due to the greater influence of the mode of action under the doctrine of authority, In our country, the traditional view of "attaching importance to substance rather than procedure", "attaching more importance to attack than protection", "attaching great importance to power than right" has not been fundamentally improved. In practice, evidence collection is often illegal, especially the repeated prohibition of extorting confessions by torture. Although the law has been explicitly prohibited, some investigators still have to try the law. Therefore, whether or not the corresponding material evidence and the means to obtain evidence can be obtained in the field investigation of a criminal case, and whether the procedure is lawful or not, not only affects whether the case can be successfully solved, At the same time, it is also related to the smooth progress of the case proceedings. At present, our country is in a period of prominent contradictions among the people, the high incidence of criminal crimes and the complicated struggle against the enemy. The public security organs have a heavy and arduous task of cracking down on crime, protecting the people, and maintaining social stability. At the same time, The construction of the socialist legal system has been continuously improved, and the supervision of public security law enforcement activities has been strengthened from all walks of life. Against this background, the public security organs are carrying out on-the-spot investigation work more and more seriously. The demand for on-site investigation is also becoming higher and higher. How can we successfully complete the field investigation task, better serve the investigation and solve cases, serve litigation, and improve the ability and level of on-the-spot investigation of criminal cases? It is an important and urgent task in front of basic-level public security organs at all levels. The first part is the introduction. This part mainly introduces the purpose and significance of this paper, including the questions raised, the literature review, the significance and purpose of the research, the ideas of the paper, the innovative points and shortcomings of the paper, and so on. The second part, the criminal scene and the criminal scene inspection basic theory outline. This chapter mainly introduces the criminal scene and the scene investigation basic theory. Then the content of the site investigation is explained. The third part is about the problems existing in the investigation of criminal scene at the grass-roots level in our country. This chapter is mainly concerned with the shortage of technical personnel in the field investigation at the grass-roots level under the present system of our country, and the lack of on-the-spot command. Site protection is not professional and spot witnesses are not standardized and other issues are elaborated. Part 4th, investigation of the relevant situation of foreign field survey. This chapter mainly expounds the situation of on-site survey in the United States, Canada, Japan and other countries, from which to find out the gap. Find out the improvement direction of the field survey system under the current system of our country. Part 5th, the improvement method of our country's field survey ability under the current system. This chapter mainly puts forward the suitable improvement method for the related problems existing in the field survey in our country under the current system.
【學位授予單位】：西南財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D918.4

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