本文選題：DNA鑒定　切入點：價值　出處：《西南政法大學》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 隨著基因技術的不斷發(fā)展和完善,DNA鑒定技術也以其近乎完美的科學性、客觀性在司法實踐證明活動中扮演著越來越重要的角色,但同時,DNA鑒定技術在司法實踐運用中也面臨著前所未有的尷尬。一方面是DNA鑒定技術以其強大的證明力使得大量案件事實被真實、清晰地還原,無數的罪犯無地可遁,極大地提高的司法訴訟證明的效能;而另一方面是DNA鑒定技術提供的海量般的信息量可能引發(fā)一系列的問題,如對人們隱私權的沖擊、對犯罪的思考、就業(yè)歧視等。要解決這種可能尷尬的境況,并將DNA鑒定技術在訴訟證明中的積極功效發(fā)揮到最大值,法律的規(guī)制作用必不可少。因此,為了規(guī)范DNA鑒定在我國訴訟證明中的使用,并建立起阻擋DNA鑒定技術可能引發(fā)的洪水的堤壩,有必要在立足于我國傳統(tǒng)的倫理道德、DNA的特性以及我國現實的司法環(huán)境的基礎上,構建一套DNA鑒定的法制體系,從而彌補目前我國關于DNA鑒定方面法律缺失的境況,推動我國DNA鑒定法律體系的建立,以促進DNA鑒定技術運用達合法性與合理性的相對統(tǒng)一。 全文共分為四個部分,約30000字,對DNA鑒定的相關理論知識及訴訟實務運用進行了闡述,并對國外及臺灣地區(qū)相關的DNA鑒定的法制化情況進行了介紹,分析了基因倫理及公民隱私權對DNA鑒定的限制,并針對我國具體的司法環(huán)境提出了DNA鑒定的具體構想。采取的研究方法主要有比較分析法、價值評析法、案例分析法和文獻參考法。 第一部分DNA鑒定的基礎理論概述。該部分分為三個小部分:第一部分介紹了DNA鑒定的原理及主要方法;第二部分概述了DNA鑒定在司法訴訟證明過程中的實務運用;第三部分對DNA鑒定的價值做了相關的評析。 第二部分國外及臺灣地區(qū)DNA鑒定法制化的概況。該部分主要對加拿大及臺灣等地的DNA鑒定立法狀況進行了相關的介紹。 第三部分DNA鑒定之限制。該部分主要從基因倫理以及公民隱私權的角度出發(fā),對DNA鑒定的限制性情況作了詳細的論述。 第四部分我國DNA鑒定法制化之構建。第四部分是本文的重點。這部分先對法制化的概念及我國DNA鑒定具體情況進行了介紹,最后從DNA鑒定的啟動主體、適用對象、鑒定之采樣、分析、保管、DNA鑒定結果的建檔、DNA鑒定的第三人協(xié)助之規(guī)則、DNA鑒定的透明度及公民知情權這些方面對我國DNA鑒定法制化做了詳細的論述。 全文的重點及創(chuàng)新點是借鑒國外的立法經驗的同時,并立足當今我國DNA鑒定實務的基礎上,將其同基因倫理學、訴訟證明科學以及我國的司法環(huán)境等結合起來,尋求一套適合我國本土環(huán)境的DNA鑒定法律體系,以達到在DNA鑒定過程中即符合基因倫理、保障公民的隱私權,又能將DNA鑒定的積極功效及應有價值發(fā)揮到最大。
[Abstract]:With the development of genetic technology and the perfection of DNA identification technology, objectivity plays a more and more important role in judicial practice. But at the same time, the application of DNA identification technology in judicial practice is also facing unprecedented embarrassment. On the one hand, DNA identification technology, with its powerful power of proof, makes a large number of cases true and clearly restored, and countless criminals have no land to escape. On the other hand, the huge amount of information provided by DNA authentication technology may lead to a series of problems, such as the impact on people's right to privacy, the thinking of crime, In order to solve this potentially embarrassing situation and to maximize the positive effect of DNA identification technology in litigation proof, the role of legal regulation is essential. In order to standardize the use of DNA in our country's lawsuit proof, and to set up an embankment to block the flood caused by DNA identification technology, it is necessary to base on the characteristics of traditional ethics and morality in our country and the judicial environment in our country. To construct a legal system of DNA identification, to make up for the lack of law on DNA identification in our country at present, to promote the establishment of the legal system of DNA identification in our country, and to promote the relative unification of legitimacy and rationality in the application of DNA identification technology. The full text is divided into four parts, about 30000 words, the related theoretical knowledge of DNA identification and the application of litigation practice are expounded, and the legalization of DNA identification in foreign countries and Taiwan is introduced. This paper analyzes on the restriction of genetic ethics and civil privacy on DNA identification, and puts forward the concrete conception of DNA identification according to the specific judicial environment of our country. The research methods adopted are mainly comparative analysis method, value evaluation method, and so on. Case analysis and literature reference. This part is divided into three parts: the first part introduces the principle and main methods of DNA identification, the second part summarizes the practical application of DNA identification in the process of judicial proceedings. The third part has made the related appraisal to the DNA appraisal value. The second part is a survey of the legalization of DNA identification in foreign countries and Taiwan, which mainly introduces the legislation of DNA identification in Canada and Taiwan. The third part is about the limitation of DNA identification, which mainly discusses the restriction of DNA identification from the perspective of genetic ethics and civil privacy. Part 4th is the construction of legalization of DNA identification in China. Part 4th is the focus of this paper. This part first introduces the concept of legalization and the specific situation of DNA identification in China. Finally, it introduces the starting subject and applicable object of DNA identification. In this paper, the rules of the third party assisting in the identification of DNA are discussed in detail, such as the transparency of the identification and the citizens' right to know about the legal system of DNA identification in China. The emphasis and innovation of this paper is to draw lessons from foreign legislative experience and to combine it with genetic ethics, litigation proof science and judicial environment of our country, based on the practice of DNA identification in our country today. The purpose of this paper is to seek a set of legal system of DNA identification suitable for our native environment in order to accord with genetic ethics in the process of DNA identification, to protect citizens' right to privacy, and to maximize the positive effect and due value of DNA identification.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D919.4

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