傣族傳統(tǒng)口功治療的醫(yī)學(xué)人類(lèi)學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-15 20:51
【摘要】：醫(yī)學(xué)是生物學(xué)意義上的科學(xué),同時(shí)也是人類(lèi)學(xué)意義上的文化。傣族傳統(tǒng)民間口功治療,產(chǎn)生于傣族鄉(xiāng)土文化之中,是與其所在的地理環(huán)境、生活習(xí)俗、社會(huì)文化等因素密切相關(guān)的地方性知識(shí)的重要內(nèi)涵�？诠χ委熡卸喾N方法和形式,本文中討論的“口功”是指傣族摩雅(治療者)治療疾病時(shí),口中念念有詞,然后對(duì)治療所使用的水、草藥或?qū)颊�、患處用口“吹”�?治療疾病的方法。這種療法可以醫(yī)治骨折、牙痛、皮膚病、風(fēng)濕病、眼病、精神分裂癥、婦科病等,是不可多得的中國(guó)民族民間傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)療技藝。傣族口功治療研究包括口功治療實(shí)踐與醫(yī)學(xué)人類(lèi)學(xué)解釋兩個(gè)核心領(lǐng)域。本文以口功治療最為興盛的村落—西雙版納傣族自治州景洪市嘎灑鎮(zhèn)曼沙村委會(huì)曼棟龍村為主要田野點(diǎn),首先分析傣族文化中“何為病”、“病從何來(lái)”、“病如何消除”等問(wèn)題,即傣族文化背景下傣族人民對(duì)疾病的認(rèn)知和醫(yī)療選擇；其次是對(duì)西雙版納傣族口功治療實(shí)踐的陳述。在此基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運(yùn)用醫(yī)學(xué)人類(lèi)學(xué)的理論與方法,對(duì)口功治療進(jìn)行理論解析。目的是從醫(yī)學(xué)人類(lèi)學(xué)的視角審視和再認(rèn)識(shí)傣族口功治療的文化意義,為醫(yī)學(xué)人類(lèi)學(xué)研究提供“傣族經(jīng)驗(yàn)”,在實(shí)踐中驗(yàn)證、豐富和發(fā)展醫(yī)學(xué)人類(lèi)學(xué)。本論文由緒論、正文、結(jié)論三個(gè)部分組成。緒論部分闡述選題緣由、相關(guān)理論及研究動(dòng)態(tài)、本論文研究?jī)?nèi)容、思路與方法、田野點(diǎn)介紹并對(duì)文中使用的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)和概念作簡(jiǎn)要解釋和界定。正文部分包括六章：第一章傣族文化的疾病認(rèn)知。有關(guān)疾病的理論和實(shí)踐本質(zhì)上是一種文化范疇,不同的文化衍生迥異的病因解釋和疾病認(rèn)知,從而產(chǎn)生不同的醫(yī)療選擇。傣族文化塑造出傣族特定的病因觀、疾病認(rèn)知和相應(yīng)的就醫(yī)選擇。本章交代口功治療產(chǎn)生的文化根源。第二章傣族口功摩雅介紹�！澳ρ拧笔谴稣Z(yǔ)對(duì)“醫(yī)生”的稱(chēng)謂。本章是對(duì)田野點(diǎn)曼棟龍村口功摩雅整體情況的呈現(xiàn),包括口功摩雅的分類(lèi)及其備藥、診斷與治療等內(nèi)容。同時(shí)對(duì)村民選擇摩雅的情況進(jìn)行介紹和分析。第三章口功治療的疾病�？诠δρ胖委煹募膊】煞譃椤俺Ｒ�(jiàn)”和“非常見(jiàn)”兩種,其中“常見(jiàn)”疾病指的是高發(fā)的地方性疾病,口功治療有特殊效果,當(dāng)?shù)卮迕窬驮\率高的疾病,如骨折、牙病、皮膚病、風(fēng)濕病等�！胺浅Ｒ�(jiàn)”疾病指不一定有地方性特征,關(guān)鍵是口功治療效果并不優(yōu)于其他治療方式,村民選擇此種治療方法比例不高的疾病,如婦科病、精神分裂癥、脫發(fā)、癲癇、腸胃病、眼病等。第四章口功治療的過(guò)程。對(duì)傣族民間傳統(tǒng)口功治療過(guò)程、治療的場(chǎng)所、言語(yǔ)與器物進(jìn)行整體敘述�？诠χ委熯^(guò)程中的言語(yǔ)、治療時(shí)間、場(chǎng)所、摩雅的“念”和“吹”以及所使用的水等,都為口功治療增添了神秘色彩。村民們?cè)谔摂M建構(gòu)的情景中體驗(yàn)著信仰世界的“真實(shí)”,在符號(hào)權(quán)力的作用下篤信它們的力量。第五章口功治療的效果�？诠χ委熂扔小俺晒Α卑咐�,也有“失敗”個(gè)案。人們將成功的治療歸功于口功的治療,而失敗治療的原因則是多方面的。第六章口功治療的理論分析。本章運(yùn)用醫(yī)學(xué)人類(lèi)學(xué)的相關(guān)理論分析口功治療的包容性,口功續(xù)存的文化動(dòng)因和動(dòng)力以及口功效力的機(jī)理和局限。重點(diǎn)在于揭示口功治療的文化根基和信仰基礎(chǔ)。結(jié)語(yǔ)部分提出主要觀點(diǎn)：第一、口功是傣族民間傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥的重要組成部分。在傣族民間,有“無(wú)口功者不成醫(yī)”的說(shuō)法。在傣族傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥方法中,都能見(jiàn)到口功方法的使用,口功貫穿于傣族民間傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥多數(shù)環(huán)節(jié)。第二,口功治療的存續(xù)基于信仰和文化。傣族村民共同的疾病觀念和醫(yī)學(xué)信仰,為口功治療的存續(xù)提供了文化基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)于傣族人民來(lái)說(shuō),口功治療與個(gè)人健康、傳統(tǒng)文化發(fā)展和民族命運(yùn)休戚相關(guān)。第三、作為文化的疾病,口功治療是有效的、確切的。在現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中、全球化背景下是可以存續(xù)、發(fā)展的。第四、作為生理的疾病,口功治療具有局限性。過(guò)分依賴(lài)口功的作用會(huì)減弱人們對(duì)抗疾病的積極性。
[Abstract]:Medicine is the science of biology, and it is also an anthropological culture. The traditional folk oral work of the Dai people, which is produced in the local culture of the Dai people, is an important connotation of the local knowledge closely related to the geographical environment, the living customs, the social culture and other factors. Oral work is a variety of methods and forms. The oral work as discussed in this article refers to the words in the mouth of the Dai Moya (the healer), and then the method of treating the disease by using the water, the herbs or the air for the patients and the affected part. The treatment can be used for treating fracture, toothache, skin diseases, rheumatism, eye disease, schizophrenia, and gynecological diseases. The study of Dai's oral work includes two core areas: the practice of oral work and the interpretation of medical anthropology. This paper mainly analyzes the "What is disease", "What's the disease from?", "how to get rid of that disease" and other problems in the Dai culture, which is the main field point of the Manisha Village, the village of Manisha, the village of the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, the most prosperous village of the village. This is the cognition and medical choice of the people of the Dai people in the cultural background of the Dai people, and the second is the presentation of the practice of the Dai people's oral work in Xishuangbanna. On the basis of this, the theory and method of medical anthropology are used to analyze the theory of work-to-mouth work. The purpose is to view and recognize the cultural significance of Dai's oral work therapy from the perspective of medical anthropology, to provide the "Dai's experience" for the research of the medical anthropology, and to verify, enrich and develop the medical anthropology in practice. This thesis is composed of the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction part expounds the reason of the topic, the relevant theory and the research dynamic, the research contents, ideas and methods of the thesis, the introduction of the field points and the brief explanation and definition of the key terms and concepts used in the paper. The body part includes six chapters: the first chapter is the disease cognition of the Dai culture. The theory and practice of the disease are essentially a cultural category, with different cultures derived from different causes of explanation and disease perception, resulting in different medical options. The Dai culture has made the special cause of the Dai nationality, the cognition of the disease and the corresponding choice of medical treatment. This chapter explains the cultural origin of the treatment of oral work. The second chapter is the introduction of Dai's oral work. The "Moya" is the title of the Dai language to the "a doctor". This chapter is the presentation of the whole situation of the work of the village, including the classification of the oral work and the preparation, the diagnosis and the treatment, and so on. At the same time, the situation of the villagers' choice of Moya is introduced and analyzed. The third chapter is the disease of the treatment of oral work. The disease can be divided into two kinds: "common" and "See you very much.", among which, the "common" disease refers to the high incidence of endemic diseases, the treatment of oral work has special effect, and the local villagers have high rate of treatment, such as fracture, dental disease, skin disease, rheumatism, etc. "See you very much." disease is not necessarily local, and the key is that the effect of oral work treatment is not superior to other treatment methods, and the villagers choose the disease with low proportion of such treatment methods, such as gynecological diseases, schizophrenia, alopecia, epilepsy, gastropathy, eye disease and the like. Chapter 4 The course of oral work therapy. The treatment process, the place, the speech and the utensil of the folk traditional oral work of the Dai people are described as a whole. The words, the treatment time, the place, the modern "read" and the "blow" and the water used in the oral work treatment have added mystique to the treatment of oral work. The villagers experience the "true" of the world of faith in the context of virtual construction, and believe in their strength under the effect of symbol power. Chapter 5 The effect of oral work therapy. There are both "success" cases and "failure" cases in the treatment of oral work. The success of treatment is due to the treatment of oral work, and the cause of failure treatment is manifold. Chapter 6 The theoretical analysis of the treatment of oral work. This chapter uses the relevant theory of medical anthropology to analyze the culture reason and power of oral work therapy and the mechanism and limitation of oral efficacy. The focus is to reveal the cultural foundation and the basis of faith in the treatment of oral work. The epilogue part puts forward the main point of view: first, the oral work is an important part of the folk traditional medicine of the Dai people. In the Dai people, there are "No one can't get a doctor.". In the traditional medicine method of the Dai nationality, the use of the oral work method can be seen, and the oral work passes through most of the folk traditional medicine in the Dai nationality. Secondly, the existence of oral work therapy is based on the belief and culture. The common disease concept and medical belief of the Dai people provide a cultural basis for the survival of oral work therapy. For the people of the Dai people, the treatment of oral work is related to the individual's health, the traditional cultural development and the national destiny. Third, as a disease of culture, oral treatment is effective and accurate. In the process of modernization, under the background of globalization, it can survive and develop. Fourth, as a physiological disease, oral work therapy has limitations. The excessive reliance on oral work will reduce the enthusiasm of people to fight the disease.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R29
，
本文編號(hào)：2500507
[Abstract]:Medicine is the science of biology, and it is also an anthropological culture. The traditional folk oral work of the Dai people, which is produced in the local culture of the Dai people, is an important connotation of the local knowledge closely related to the geographical environment, the living customs, the social culture and other factors. Oral work is a variety of methods and forms. The oral work as discussed in this article refers to the words in the mouth of the Dai Moya (the healer), and then the method of treating the disease by using the water, the herbs or the air for the patients and the affected part. The treatment can be used for treating fracture, toothache, skin diseases, rheumatism, eye disease, schizophrenia, and gynecological diseases. The study of Dai's oral work includes two core areas: the practice of oral work and the interpretation of medical anthropology. This paper mainly analyzes the "What is disease", "What's the disease from?", "how to get rid of that disease" and other problems in the Dai culture, which is the main field point of the Manisha Village, the village of Manisha, the village of the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, the most prosperous village of the village. This is the cognition and medical choice of the people of the Dai people in the cultural background of the Dai people, and the second is the presentation of the practice of the Dai people's oral work in Xishuangbanna. On the basis of this, the theory and method of medical anthropology are used to analyze the theory of work-to-mouth work. The purpose is to view and recognize the cultural significance of Dai's oral work therapy from the perspective of medical anthropology, to provide the "Dai's experience" for the research of the medical anthropology, and to verify, enrich and develop the medical anthropology in practice. This thesis is composed of the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction part expounds the reason of the topic, the relevant theory and the research dynamic, the research contents, ideas and methods of the thesis, the introduction of the field points and the brief explanation and definition of the key terms and concepts used in the paper. The body part includes six chapters: the first chapter is the disease cognition of the Dai culture. The theory and practice of the disease are essentially a cultural category, with different cultures derived from different causes of explanation and disease perception, resulting in different medical options. The Dai culture has made the special cause of the Dai nationality, the cognition of the disease and the corresponding choice of medical treatment. This chapter explains the cultural origin of the treatment of oral work. The second chapter is the introduction of Dai's oral work. The "Moya" is the title of the Dai language to the "a doctor". This chapter is the presentation of the whole situation of the work of the village, including the classification of the oral work and the preparation, the diagnosis and the treatment, and so on. At the same time, the situation of the villagers' choice of Moya is introduced and analyzed. The third chapter is the disease of the treatment of oral work. The disease can be divided into two kinds: "common" and "See you very much.", among which, the "common" disease refers to the high incidence of endemic diseases, the treatment of oral work has special effect, and the local villagers have high rate of treatment, such as fracture, dental disease, skin disease, rheumatism, etc. "See you very much." disease is not necessarily local, and the key is that the effect of oral work treatment is not superior to other treatment methods, and the villagers choose the disease with low proportion of such treatment methods, such as gynecological diseases, schizophrenia, alopecia, epilepsy, gastropathy, eye disease and the like. Chapter 4 The course of oral work therapy. The treatment process, the place, the speech and the utensil of the folk traditional oral work of the Dai people are described as a whole. The words, the treatment time, the place, the modern "read" and the "blow" and the water used in the oral work treatment have added mystique to the treatment of oral work. The villagers experience the "true" of the world of faith in the context of virtual construction, and believe in their strength under the effect of symbol power. Chapter 5 The effect of oral work therapy. There are both "success" cases and "failure" cases in the treatment of oral work. The success of treatment is due to the treatment of oral work, and the cause of failure treatment is manifold. Chapter 6 The theoretical analysis of the treatment of oral work. This chapter uses the relevant theory of medical anthropology to analyze the culture reason and power of oral work therapy and the mechanism and limitation of oral efficacy. The focus is to reveal the cultural foundation and the basis of faith in the treatment of oral work. The epilogue part puts forward the main point of view: first, the oral work is an important part of the folk traditional medicine of the Dai people. In the Dai people, there are "No one can't get a doctor.". In the traditional medicine method of the Dai nationality, the use of the oral work method can be seen, and the oral work passes through most of the folk traditional medicine in the Dai nationality. Secondly, the existence of oral work therapy is based on the belief and culture. The common disease concept and medical belief of the Dai people provide a cultural basis for the survival of oral work therapy. For the people of the Dai people, the treatment of oral work is related to the individual's health, the traditional cultural development and the national destiny. Third, as a disease of culture, oral treatment is effective and accurate. In the process of modernization, under the background of globalization, it can survive and develop. Fourth, as a physiological disease, oral work therapy has limitations. The excessive reliance on oral work will reduce the enthusiasm of people to fight the disease.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R29
，
本文編號(hào)：2500507
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