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現(xiàn)代嶺南名醫(yī)肺系醫(yī)案收集整理及肺脹證治規(guī)律與臨床觀察研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-08-13 20:13
【摘要】:目的:建立現(xiàn)代(1949年至今)嶺南名老中醫(yī)肺系醫(yī)案數(shù)據(jù)庫,并應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)挖掘技術(shù)對(duì)其中的肺脹病醫(yī)案進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,總結(jié)嶺南名醫(yī)治療肺脹病的證治規(guī)律,旨在搶救和繼承名老中醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn),研究和發(fā)揮區(qū)域中醫(yī)藥資源優(yōu)勢和臨床特色,為嶺南地區(qū)名老中醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的繼承應(yīng)用和發(fā)展創(chuàng)新提供理論與實(shí)踐的依據(jù)。此外,利用數(shù)據(jù)挖掘所提取的肺脹病基本方對(duì)慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者進(jìn)行臨床觀察研究,以期發(fā)揮嶺南醫(yī)學(xué)特色,拓展中醫(yī)藥治療AECOPD的思路和方法。方法:1.通過到圖書館、文獻(xiàn)館實(shí)地采集,期刊文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫搜索下載等形式,對(duì)現(xiàn)代嶺南名老中醫(yī)治療肺系病證現(xiàn)存醫(yī)案進(jìn)行收集整理,應(yīng)用Epidata3.1數(shù)據(jù)管理軟件將肺系醫(yī)案歸納、總結(jié)并規(guī)范化后建立醫(yī)案數(shù)據(jù)庫,并綜合利用SPSS17.0及IBM SPSS Modeler14.1統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件中頻數(shù)分析、因子分析、系統(tǒng)聚類分析及Apriori關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則等數(shù)據(jù)挖掘方法,對(duì)肺脹病證治規(guī)律進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,結(jié)合專業(yè)知識(shí)分析嶺南名醫(yī)治療肺脹病臨證思路、用藥規(guī)律等內(nèi)涵。2.其次,對(duì)上述數(shù)據(jù)挖掘方法所提取的基本方進(jìn)行臨床觀察研究,選擇AECOPD患者共66例,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和治療組兩組,對(duì)照組予西醫(yī)常規(guī)處理,治療組在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上加用健脾降氣化痰方藥,選用中醫(yī)臨床癥狀體征積分、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、血?dú)夥治鲋笜?biāo)等為觀察項(xiàng)目,評(píng)價(jià)該療法的臨床療效。結(jié)果:1.醫(yī)案收集整理結(jié)果共收集嶺南名老中醫(yī)77人肺系醫(yī)案相關(guān)著作50冊(cè),文獻(xiàn)112篇,其中期刊雜志106篇,學(xué)位論文3篇,論文匯編2篇,網(wǎng)上期刊1篇。初步整理,總計(jì)收集醫(yī)案392例,有效處方743條,包括感冒111條、咳嗽166條、哮病86條、喘證74條、肺癰21條、肺痿10條、肺脹94條、肺癆38條、咳血56條、肺癌87條,初步形成嶺南名老中醫(yī)肺系醫(yī)案數(shù)據(jù)庫。2.肺脹醫(yī)案數(shù)據(jù)挖掘結(jié)果對(duì)收集到的47例94診次肺脹醫(yī)案的有效診療信息進(jìn)行分析,共出現(xiàn):癥狀總計(jì)90種824頻次,主要癥狀表現(xiàn)為咯痰、氣促、咳嗽、痰白、粘稠痰、食欲減退等;舌象20種318頻次,其中舌淡頻數(shù)最高,占17.61%,其次為苔白、舌紅、舌暗、苔膩、苔黃等;脈象16種159頻次,其中脈細(xì)頻數(shù)最高,占22.64%,其次為脈數(shù)、脈滑、脈弦、脈沉、脈緩等;證型21種349頻次,其中,本證中肺氣虛證頻數(shù)最高,占23.78%,其次為脾氣虛證、腎陽虛證等;標(biāo)證中痰濕阻肺證頻數(shù)最高,占10.89%,其次為痰瘀阻肺證、水飲泛溢證、痰熱壅肺證等。94條處方中,共用中藥151味,累計(jì)用藥次數(shù)1049次,其中甘草、半夏、茯苓、白術(shù)、陳皮、苦杏仁、黨參、五味子、蘇子等35味藥物出現(xiàn)頻數(shù)較高,累積頻率達(dá)72.16%,而所使用嶺南道地藥材中,陳皮、肉桂、化橘紅、五指毛桃、廣地龍、青天葵等使用頻率較高。對(duì)151味藥物進(jìn)行功效分類,出現(xiàn)頻率由高到底依次為補(bǔ)虛藥、化痰止咳平喘藥、清熱藥、解表藥、利水滲濕藥、理氣藥等,嶺南地區(qū)名老中醫(yī)治療肺脹病證以扶正、祛邪為總綱,補(bǔ)虛多選益氣、養(yǎng)陰、溫陽之品,祛邪則根據(jù)病邪性質(zhì),分別采取降氣化痰、宣肺解表、清熱解毒、利水消腫、理氣止咳等治法。對(duì)35味高頻藥物進(jìn)行因子分析及聚類分析,分別得出11類及8類藥物組合。它們分別從不同角度體現(xiàn)了肺脹病病因病機(jī)及嶺南名醫(yī)臨證用藥思維特點(diǎn)、組方原則等。藥物關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則分析發(fā)現(xiàn)生姜+白芍、枳殼+半夏等35對(duì)常用藥對(duì)及干姜+半夏+細(xì)辛、萊菔子+白芥子+蘇子等24組常用三味藥藥物組合。癥狀藥物關(guān)聯(lián)分析挖掘出15種癥藥聯(lián)系,舌脈藥物關(guān)聯(lián)分析挖掘出13種癥藥聯(lián)系,證型藥物關(guān)聯(lián)分析挖掘出13種證藥聯(lián)系,從不同方面體現(xiàn)嶺南名醫(yī)辨證論治,證藥相合的治病用藥特色。數(shù)據(jù)挖掘體現(xiàn)嶺南地區(qū)肺脹病虛實(shí)夾雜、脾虛濕困、氣機(jī)失調(diào)、痰瘀互結(jié)、寒熱錯(cuò)雜等病證特點(diǎn),嶺南名醫(yī)治療肺脹特色則有:扶正祛邪,標(biāo)本兼顧;健脾化濕,培土生金;升降出入,善調(diào)氣機(jī);化痰行氣,活血化瘀;因地制宜,寒溫并用;藥貴道地,嶺南特色。3.臨床研究結(jié)果兩組治療前后療效分析,治療組總有效率93.55%;對(duì)照組總有效率為80.65%,兩組比較有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P0.05),說明治療組總療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組。兩組在臨床癥狀體征、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、血?dú)夥治鲋笜?biāo)等方面均較治療前明顯改善,治療組咳嗽、咯痰、喘息、納呆及腹脹等癥狀體征及Pa02/FiO2、PaCO2較對(duì)照組改善明顯,有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P0.05)。兩組用藥均未見明顯毒副作用。結(jié)論:1.數(shù)據(jù)挖掘可以歸納提煉名醫(yī)證治規(guī)律及治療法則:如利用頻數(shù)分析,可得出補(bǔ)益、化痰止咳平喘是肺脹病應(yīng)用中最集中的法則;利用因子、聚類分析可得出肺脹病病因病機(jī)以及治療肺脹的常用藥物組合體,歸納基本方藥;利用關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則分析可得出肺脹病藥-藥、癥-藥、證-藥等之間的深層關(guān)系。2.數(shù)據(jù)挖掘技術(shù)不僅可以使名老中醫(yī)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)變得更直觀、更易懂,同時(shí)還可以進(jìn)行重復(fù)性的操作,運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)挖掘技術(shù)分析海量的中醫(yī)診療信息,有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)中醫(yī)辨證施治、處方用藥等環(huán)節(jié)中隱含的關(guān)鍵規(guī)律,有助于促進(jìn)中醫(yī)的傳承、發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)中醫(yī)藥現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程。3.醫(yī)案體現(xiàn)了中醫(yī)診治理法方藥的綜合應(yīng)用,在中醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳承中具有極其重要的、不可替代的學(xué)術(shù)地位,研究醫(yī)案是總結(jié)、傳承名中醫(yī)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的有效途徑。4.以健脾降氣化痰法方藥治療AECOPD兼痰濕阻肺證可緩解臨床癥候,改善肺血?dú)夥治?臨床療效明顯,無不良反應(yīng),為健脾降氣化痰法治療嶺南地區(qū)AECOPD兼痰濕阻肺證提供臨床依據(jù),并為COPD急性加重期提供新的治療手段?傊,運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代科技數(shù)據(jù)挖掘技術(shù),可以科學(xué)地從多角度、多方面對(duì)名老中醫(yī)醫(yī)案進(jìn)行分析,且能夠得到客觀的、實(shí)用的、對(duì)臨床工作有指導(dǎo)意義的結(jié)論。臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn):健脾降氣化痰法治療AECOPD痰濕阻肺證有著確切的療效。
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE: To establish a modern (1949-present) lung system medical record database of famous and old Chinese medicine in Lingnan, and apply data mining technology to systematically study the medical records of lung distension, summarize the rules of syndrome and treatment of lung distension by famous doctors in Lingnan, in order to rescue and inherit the academic experience of famous and old Chinese medicine, study and exert the advantages of regional Chinese medicine resources and clinical characteristics. In addition, the basic prescriptions of pulmonary distention extracted from data mining were used to carry out clinical observation and Study on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), in order to give full play to the characteristics of Lingnan medicine and expand the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for AECOPD. Methods: 1. Collecting and sorting out the existing medical records of famous and old Lingnan traditional Chinese medicine treating pulmonary diseases and syndromes by means of library, on-the-spot collection in the literature library, searching and downloading the periodical literature database, and so on. By using SPSS17.0 and IBM SPSS Modeler 14.1 statistical software, data mining methods such as frequency analysis, factor analysis, system clustering analysis and Apriori association rules were used to systematically study the rule of syndrome and treatment of pulmonary distention. Combined with professional knowledge, the clinical thinking of famous doctors in Lingnan for treating pulmonary distention and the law of medication were analyzed. 2. Secondly, the above data mining was carried out. Methods Sixty-six patients with AECOPD were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. The control group was treated with routine western medicine. The treatment group was treated with Jianpi Jiangqi Fang on the basis of the control group. The clinical symptoms and signs integral, white blood cell count and blood gas analysis index were selected as the observation indexes. Results: 1. A total of 50 books and 112 papers were collected, including 106 journals, 3 dissertations, 2 papers and 1 online journal. A total of 392 medical records and 743 effective prescriptions were collected, including 111 colds. There were 166 cough, 86 asthma, 74 asthma, 21 lung carbuncle, 10 flaccidity, 94 lung distention, 38 tuberculosis, 56 hemoptysis and 87 lung cancer. The database of lung system medical records of famous old Chinese medicine in Lingnan was preliminarily formed. 2. The data mining results of lung distention medical records analyzed the effective diagnosis and treatment information of 47 cases of 94 lung distention medical records collected. The total symptoms were 90 kinds and 82 kinds. The main symptoms were phlegm expectoration, shortness of breath, cough, white phlegm, viscous phlegm, loss of appetite, etc. The frequency of tongue symptoms was 318 times of 20 kinds, of which the frequency of tongue paleness was the highest, accounting for 17.61%, followed by white fur, red tongue, dark tongue, greasy fur, yellow fur, etc. Among them, the frequency of lung-qi deficiency syndrome was the highest, accounting for 23.78%, followed by spleen-qi deficiency syndrome and kidney-yang deficiency syndrome; the frequency of phlegm-dampness obstructing lung syndrome was the highest, accounting for 10.89%, followed by phlegm-stasis obstructing lung syndrome, water-drinking overflow syndrome, phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome and so on. Ling, white atractylodes macrocephala, orange peel, bitter almond, Codonopsis pilosula, Schisandra chinensis, Perilla frutescens and other 35 kinds of medicines appear frequently, the cumulative frequency is 72.16%. In Lingnan genuine medicinal materials, such as orange peel, cinnamon, Huatanghong, Wuzhi peach, Guangdilong, Qingtiankui are used frequently. Phlegm antitussive and antiasthmatic drugs, antipyretic drugs, diuresis and dampness drugs, Qi-Regulating drugs and so on, famous and old traditional Chinese medicine in Lingnan area treats lung distention syndrome with strengthening the right and eliminating evil as the general principle, nourishing deficiency and selecting more qi, nourishing yin and warming Yang products, eliminating evil according to the nature of the disease, respectively adopt the treatment methods of reducing qi, expelling phlegm, clearing away heat and toxin, relieving edema, regulating qi and stopping cough. The high-frequency drugs were analyzed by factor analysis and cluster analysis, and 11 kinds and 8 kinds of drug combinations were obtained. They reflected the etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary distention from different perspectives, the thinking characteristics and prescription principles of famous doctors in Lingnan. Twenty-four groups of commonly used triple drug combinations, such as Semen Raphani, White Mustard, Perilla Fructus, etc. According to the characteristics of lung distension in Lingnan area, such as deficiency and excess of lung distension, spleen deficiency and dampness, Qi disorder, phlegm and blood stasis, mixed cold and heat, the famous doctors in Lingnan have the following characteristics: strengthening the body and dispelling evil, giving consideration to both the specimen; strengthening the spleen and removing dampness, cultivating the earth to produce gold; ascending and descending in and out, regulating qi; resolving phlegm and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis; combining cold and temperature according to local conditions; The total effective rate was 93.55% in the treatment group and 80.65% in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P 0.05), indicating that the total curative effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group. The symptoms and signs of cough, expectoration, asthma, nausea, abdominal distention and Pa02/FiO2, PaCO2 in the treatment group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group (P The most centralized rule in the application of pulmonary distention is to make up for the benefit, relieve phlegm, relieve cough and relieve asthma; the etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary distention and the combinations of commonly used drugs for the treatment of pulmonary distention can be obtained by factor and cluster analysis, and the basic prescriptions and medicines can be summarized; the deep relationship among pulmonary distention drugs, symptoms, medicines, syndromes and medicines can be obtained by association It can not only make the experience of famous and old Chinese medicine more intuitive and easier to understand, but also can carry out repetitive operation. Using data mining technology to analyze the massive information of TCM diagnosis and treatment is helpful to discover the key rules hidden in the links of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, prescription medication and so on. It is helpful to promote the inheritance, development and innovation of TCM, and further promote the development of TCM. 3. Medical records embody the comprehensive application of TCM diagnosis and treatment, and play an important and irreplaceable role in the inheritance of TCM academic experience. The study of medical records is an effective way to summarize and inherit famous TCM experience. 4. The treatment of AECOPD combined with phlegm dampness obstructing lung syndrome by invigorating spleen and reducing phlegm can alleviate impending clinical symptoms. Bed symptoms, improve lung blood gas analysis, clinical efficacy is obvious, no adverse reactions, for Jianpi Jiangqi phlegm method for the treatment of Lingnan AECOPD and phlegm dampness obstruction of lung syndrome provides clinical basis, and for the acute exacerbation of COPD provides a new means of treatment. Medical case analysis, and can get objective, practical and instructive conclusions for clinical work. Clinical research found that: Jianpi Jiangqi Phlegm method for the treatment of AECOPD phlegm dampness obstruction syndrome has a definite effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:R249;R256.14

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