本文選題：氣化 + 取象比類��； 參考：《北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：目的中醫(yī)通道理論來自于“五臟之道,皆出于經(jīng)隧,以行氣血,血氣不和,百病乃變化而生,是故守經(jīng)隧焉�！蔽闹刑岬轿迮K、經(jīng)隧、行氣血,這三個組成要素就是中醫(yī)人體通道系統(tǒng)的主要架構(gòu)。五臟是以肝心脾肺腎為核心的臟象系統(tǒng),以同類相應(yīng)為原則,外應(yīng)天地自然,內(nèi)系六腑、經(jīng)絡(luò)、官竅,以陰陽、五行、精氣為基本框架。經(jīng)隧則指人體內(nèi)部的通道,人體的內(nèi)部道路從不同角度將通道的類別加以界定,就有不同的形式,但概念內(nèi)涵是相同的,都泛指氣血津液運行和代謝的道路,三焦、經(jīng)絡(luò)兩者皆具有通道的特性�！皻饩鄢尚�,形散為氣”,氣與形可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化,行氣血則泛指氣的運動及其產(chǎn)生的各種變化,氣化活動是以氣機(jī)的升降出入來體現(xiàn),氣機(jī)的升降出入運動產(chǎn)生了各種變化,在人體這種變化就是氣、血、津液間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化及新陳代謝的過程。方法通過《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》及中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論進(jìn)行中醫(yī)通道理論的分析、歸納及探討人體內(nèi)部的通道,分別輸送糟粕、津液及氣,這些通道是分屬不同形式的運輸管道,各有其生成及輸送的方式,經(jīng)脈聯(lián)絡(luò)臟腑四肢百骸,溝通表里上下,是聯(lián)系臟腑和體表及全身各部分的傳導(dǎo)系統(tǒng),為輸送血及氣的通道。三焦是以五臟六腑為參與者形成的一個空間,包含空間內(nèi)五臟六腑形成的組織間隙及臟腑間隙交錯而成的一個復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)或通道系統(tǒng),三焦主管水液通行,主持諸氣,三焦通而水道利,為輸送津液及氣的通道,三焦、經(jīng)絡(luò)兩者皆可以視為人體的整個運輸系統(tǒng),將這些分屬不同形式的運輸管道進(jìn)行聯(lián)系、組織,通過人體內(nèi)部的氣化過程,氣血津液無時無刻都在三焦、經(jīng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行輸布、轉(zhuǎn)化、和流注,故三焦、經(jīng)絡(luò)皆為氣血津液運行道路。從以五臟為核心的臟象系統(tǒng),“氣化”體現(xiàn)對人體結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的統(tǒng)一,加上人體內(nèi)部的通道聯(lián)系,可以建立起一人體通道系統(tǒng),主要在氣化理論的基礎(chǔ)上,以三焦、經(jīng)絡(luò)為通道主體,作為氣血津液循行路線及循環(huán)往返過程。隱喻是認(rèn)知事物一種不可或缺工具。它將兩個或兩類具有相似性對象進(jìn)行比較,透過熟悉認(rèn)識的事物來了解不甚熟悉的事物,從已知的領(lǐng)域跨越到未知領(lǐng)域。它能在科學(xué)上提供啟發(fā)性思維,加強(qiáng)對不熟悉事物的理解及認(rèn)識,用來幫助新理論的構(gòu)建,也可以表達(dá)新的概念或內(nèi)容。在中醫(yī)理論中人體是一個有機(jī)聯(lián)系的統(tǒng)一整體,人體的型態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)功能互相聯(lián)系不可分割,人體內(nèi)的環(huán)境與自然界環(huán)境也是密切聯(lián)系不可分割的統(tǒng)一體,透過自然界的變化及可被觀察到的事物或事物關(guān)系,來推論生命活動規(guī)律現(xiàn)象,這種整體觀念的構(gòu)建是通過對自然界系統(tǒng)觀察和類比后獲得的,大自然之水文氣候系統(tǒng)是藉由人類對自然界認(rèn)識的深入,從最初的觀察、經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)到對氣候的形成、氣候的變化及氣候成因進(jìn)行探討所得出的,在人體之通道系統(tǒng)與自然界之水文氣候系統(tǒng)之間也有存在著相似的類比關(guān)系。結(jié)果從隱喻的邏輯角度來看,本文通過隱喻結(jié)構(gòu)理論中的類比訪問、類比映像以及類比遷移這三個階段,形成了一個“人體的通道系統(tǒng)就是自然界之水文氣候系統(tǒng)”的隱喻描述。在過程中以相似性為前提,通過邏輯推理,類比替換和映像讓人體的通道系統(tǒng)和自然界之水文氣候系統(tǒng)兩者形成類比關(guān)系,進(jìn)行兩類對象之間比較,能類比的部分包含兩者間的結(jié)構(gòu)、功能、模型等方面,后期在類比遷移的過程中,進(jìn)而推導(dǎo)出中醫(yī)體系中構(gòu)建出的三焦、經(jīng)絡(luò),也就是人體氣血津液運行的通道,具有從己知來推導(dǎo)未知,獲取新知識的功能。結(jié)論基于自然界中水在其所處的環(huán)境會以不同的相態(tài)存在及大氣對水氣輸送、降水、和蒸發(fā)的認(rèn)識,與中醫(yī)理論進(jìn)行類比,對于人體水液代謝與氣機(jī)的升降出入相關(guān)的臟象功能及作用模式都可以得到比較好的認(rèn)識及解釋。從李東垣升降浮沉理論、黃元御中氣升降理論及組方用藥特點,三焦氣化與水液代謝看濕阻三焦的治療思路及《傷寒雜病論》在人體通道的運用,可以體會中焦脾胃作為人身氣機(jī)樞紐,在氣機(jī)升降出入的過程中起著重要的作用,濕與三焦氣化功能密不可分,宣暢三焦氣機(jī),通陽化氣以祛濕是治療水濕病的一個重要原則,通過這樣的隱喻認(rèn)知思維模式為工具,能更有效的指導(dǎo)臨床組方用藥。
[Abstract]:Objective the theory of Chinese medicine channel comes from "the five Zang Road, all out of the tunnel, in order to carry the Qi and blood, the blood gas disharmony, the hundred diseases are changed and grow, so the five organs, the tunnel, the Qi and blood, these three components are the main structure of the body channel system of the Chinese medicine. The five zang organs are the visceral system with the core of the liver, the heart, the spleen, the kidney and the kidney, and the same kind." According to the principle, it should be the nature of heaven and earth, the inner Department of the six Fu organs, the meridians and the collaterals, the official orifices, the basic framework of the Yin and Yang, the five lines, and the essence of the Qi. The passage of the body is defined by the tunnel, and the internal road of the human body defines the categories of the channels from different angles, but the concept is the same, and the road of the movement and metabolism of Qi and blood fluid is generally referred to. "Three Jiao", the meridian and the collaterals both have the characteristics of the channel. "Gas accumulation is formed, shape is dissolved into gas", gas and shape can be converted to each other. Qi and blood can refer to the movement of gas and various changes in its production. The gasification activity is reflected by the lift and exit of the gas machine, and the movement of the lift and exit of the air machine produces various changes, in the human body the change is Qi, blood and Tianjin. The process of mutual transformation and metabolism of the liquid. Through the "Huangdi Nei Jing" and the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the analysis of the theory of the Chinese medicine channel, induction and discussion of the internal channels of the human body, transport the dross, body fluid and gas, these channels belong to different forms of transportation, each has its generation and transportation, meridians contact viscera. There is a complex network or channel system formed by the interspace between the five viscera and the viscera and the interspace between the viscera and the viscera, which is a complex network or channel system. In charge of water passage, presided over the gas, three coke through the waterway, the channel for conveying fluid and gas, the three coke and the meridians can be regarded as the whole transportation system of the human body. Transformation, and flow, therefore, the three jiao and the meridian are all the road of Qi and blood body fluid. From the visceral image system with the five viscera as the core, "gasification" embodies the unity of the structure and function of the human body and the channel connections within the human body, and can establish a human body channel system, mainly on the basis of the theory of gasification, and the main body of the channel with the tri coke and the meridians, as the gas. Metaphor is an indispensable tool for cognitive things. It compares two or two types of objects with similar objects, through familiar things to understand things that are not familiar, from the known field to the unknown field. It can provide enlightening thinking in science and strengthen the unfamiliar. The understanding and understanding of things can be used to help the construction of new theories and to express new concepts or contents. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the human body is an organic and unified whole. The structure and function of the human body are inseparable from each other. The environment in the human body is closely related to the natural environment, and it is also an inseparable entity. The change of the boundary and the relation of things or things that can be observed to deduce the law of life activities. The construction of this concept is acquired through observation and analogy of the natural system. The hydrological and climatic system of nature is based on the depth of human cognition of nature, from the initial observation, to the summary of experience to the shape of the climate. There is a similar analogous relationship between the human body channel system and the hydroclimate system of nature. From the logical point of view of metaphor, this paper is formed by analogy access, analogy image and analogy migration in the three stages of metaphorical structure theory. A metaphorical description of the human body's channel system is the hydroclimate system of nature. In the process of the process of similarity, logic reasoning, analogical substitution and mapping make the human body's channel system and the natural hydroclimate system form the analogical relationship between the two types of objects, and the parts of the analogy. The structure, function, model and so on, and later in the process of analogy migration, then deduce the tri coke built in the traditional Chinese medicine system, the channels and collaterals, that is the passage of body fluid and body fluid, which has the function of deriving the unknown and acquiring new knowledge from our knowledge. State of state and atmosphere of water and gas transport, precipitation, and evaporation of understanding, analogies with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the human body water metabolism and gas engine and lift and exit related visceral function and mode of action can be better understood and explained. From the Li Dongyuan lifting and floating theory, Huang Yuanyu theory of Qi and lift and the characteristics of prescription drugs, three The treatment thought of char gasification and water metabolism and the treatment of wet resistance tri coke and the use of the theory of "typhoid fever" and the use of the body passage of typhoid chill, we can realize the importance of the central coke and the spleen and the stomach as the hub of the human body gas machine, and play an important role in the process of the lift and exit of the gas machine. The wet and the three coke gasification functions are inseparable. An important principle of this way is to use the metaphor cognitive thinking mode as a tool to guide clinical prescriptions more effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R22

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