發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-06 21:46

  本文選題：婦女 + 生理　； 參考：《青海大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究背景:由于歷代藏民族生活居所較偏僻和自行形成的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗較特殊等原因易導(dǎo)致藏區(qū)婦女產(chǎn)后無法實(shí)施完整的產(chǎn)褥期保健措施,而產(chǎn)褥期期間的飲食及行為的調(diào)節(jié)失衡易提高產(chǎn)褥期疾病的發(fā)病率,并成為極具潛伏期特征病征發(fā)生的誘因,另外,在藏區(qū)婦女分娩地點(diǎn)的選擇主要以家為主的比例遠(yuǎn)大于選擇醫(yī)院的現(xiàn)狀較顯著,此情況會(huì)使產(chǎn)婦在分娩過程中遇到如大出血、難產(chǎn)等特殊情況無法得到及時(shí)的保障,并且專業(yè)醫(yī)護(hù)人員無法及時(shí)給產(chǎn)婦傳授正確的產(chǎn)褥期保健方法及突發(fā)情況應(yīng)對(duì)的措施,導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)婦生理及心理變化得不到安全有效的防護(hù),甚至?xí)蔀閶D女整個(gè)生命周期的危險(xiǎn)因素,因此,藏區(qū)產(chǎn)褥期的保健措施及應(yīng)用是現(xiàn)如今迫切需要研究的領(lǐng)域。研究目的:基于在日常生活中不難發(fā)現(xiàn)常有婦科病纏身并影響著婦女身心健康的實(shí)例,其中產(chǎn)褥期保健得不到良好的實(shí)施而遺留病根是很多具有潛伏特征疾病發(fā)生的主因。本文旨在找到適用于藏區(qū)婦女產(chǎn)褥期期間的保健措施,針對(duì)婦女生命各周期發(fā)生的身心變化,尤其是妊娠期間和產(chǎn)后產(chǎn)婦的身心變化提出有效及時(shí)的保健措施。通過查閱藏醫(yī)經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)著作和實(shí)地調(diào)查、問卷訪問等方法挖掘藏區(qū)產(chǎn)褥期保健措施、揭示藏區(qū)產(chǎn)褥期保健措施現(xiàn)狀,并將產(chǎn)褥期期間的保健措施加以宣傳和推廣為此研究的最終目的。研究方法:本研究主要通過理論研究和實(shí)踐研究相結(jié)合的方法,運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究、實(shí)地考察、問卷調(diào)查、訪談等方法進(jìn)行研究。文獻(xiàn)研究方面:以藏醫(yī)學(xué)四部醫(yī)典和經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)著作為主,搜集有關(guān)婦科疾病和婦幼保健為主要內(nèi)容的論文、文件、文獻(xiàn)著作等進(jìn)行研究、比較、分析、歸納和總結(jié),同時(shí)借鑒并學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)代公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,得以比較和總結(jié)利弊層面。實(shí)地考察方面:通過聯(lián)系當(dāng)?shù)卮迓湄?fù)責(zé)人員并在得到允許的前提下,采用自行走訪藏族農(nóng)牧民家中和相關(guān)衛(wèi)生所對(duì)此次研究的核心內(nèi)容及問題進(jìn)行詢問和請(qǐng)教。問卷調(diào)查方面:選用單純隨機(jī)抽樣方法,采用自行設(shè)計(jì)的問卷對(duì)海南州貴德縣農(nóng)牧民婦女(年齡在18到55周歲之間)共計(jì)120人次進(jìn)行訪問式問卷調(diào)查,對(duì)黃南州同仁地區(qū)自然分娩中心具豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)的5名醫(yī)護(hù)人員進(jìn)行開放式問卷調(diào)查和訪談,為整個(gè)論文的核心內(nèi)容得以提供解釋和輔佐。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方面:對(duì)定量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行Excel數(shù)據(jù)錄入并應(yīng)用Stata19統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,運(yùn)用Fisher檢驗(yàn)、X~2檢驗(yàn)等方法進(jìn)行研究。研究結(jié)果:首先通過文獻(xiàn)研究得以證實(shí)婦女在妊娠期及產(chǎn)后期生理和心理有一定的變化、現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中所引用的“邦馕(產(chǎn)褥期)”一詞并非后期出現(xiàn),而是傳統(tǒng)藏醫(yī)經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)中早已有之;藏醫(yī)學(xué)中對(duì)產(chǎn)褥期保健措施即飲食及行為的合理應(yīng)用方法進(jìn)行歸納并總結(jié);西醫(yī)學(xué)和中醫(yī)學(xué)中對(duì)傳統(tǒng)“坐月子”方法的利弊論述觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡單比較;對(duì)產(chǎn)后高發(fā)疾病及病征進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)從而探討婦女各周期和產(chǎn)褥期運(yùn)用保健措施的重要性。其次經(jīng)實(shí)踐研究發(fā)現(xiàn)藏區(qū)對(duì)分娩地點(diǎn)的選擇即選擇以家為主的比例要大于選擇醫(yī)院;藏族牧區(qū)婦女的妊娠時(shí)間要早于農(nóng)區(qū)婦女;藏區(qū)農(nóng)牧民產(chǎn)后休養(yǎng)時(shí)間均較為理想,平均休養(yǎng)時(shí)長為21(54%)天左右;另外,搜集并整理到產(chǎn)褥期期間藏區(qū)特有的傳統(tǒng)飲食習(xí)慣及行為方式;藏區(qū)產(chǎn)褥期接受衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)程度和衛(wèi)生質(zhì)量普遍較差;藏區(qū)產(chǎn)后母乳喂養(yǎng)情況較樂觀,經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)農(nóng)牧區(qū)分別占94%和95.5%;產(chǎn)婦基本情況如年齡、文化水平、家庭收入等與產(chǎn)褥期飲食和行為的運(yùn)用有影響(p0.05);產(chǎn)褥期衛(wèi)生質(zhì)量與產(chǎn)后高發(fā)病征有一定的聯(lián)系(p0.05)。研究結(jié)論:此論文通過論證發(fā)現(xiàn)婦女整個(gè)妊娠期間和產(chǎn)后期生理和心理變化明顯、查閱文獻(xiàn)和問卷調(diào)查方法搜集并統(tǒng)計(jì)產(chǎn)后高發(fā)疾病及病征較顯著、揭示藏區(qū)產(chǎn)褥期保健措施和應(yīng)用意識(shí)仍較薄弱,基于以上論點(diǎn)突出產(chǎn)褥期保健的重要性,因此,通過結(jié)合當(dāng)代公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)等理論知識(shí)以取長補(bǔ)短的方式在藏區(qū)開展產(chǎn)褥期宣教干預(yù)等活動(dòng),以此提高對(duì)該領(lǐng)域的關(guān)注度,并實(shí)施有效措施改善藏區(qū)婦女產(chǎn)褥期保健現(xiàn)狀極其重要。
[Abstract]:Background: it is easy for the Tibetan women to carry out the complete puerperium health care measures since the Tibetan nationality living place is more remote and the traditional custom is more special, and the imbalance of diet and behavior during the puerperium is easy to increase the incidence of the puerperium disease and become the characteristic symptom of the latent period. In addition, the proportion of women in the place of childbirth in the Tibetan area is much greater than that of the choice of hospitals. This situation will make the parturient in the process of childbirth such as large bleeding, dystocia and other special conditions can not be timely guaranteed, and the professional medical staff can not timely impart the right puerpera to the parturient. The method of health care and the measures to cope with the sudden situation lead to the safe and effective protection of the maternal physiological and psychological changes, and even become a dangerous factor for the whole life cycle of women. Therefore, the health measures and applications of the puerperal period in the Tibetan area are the areas of urgent need to be studied now. There are many cases of gynecologic diseases that affect the physical and mental health of women, in which the health care of the puerperal period is not well implemented and the root of the disease is the main cause of the latent characteristic disease. This article aims to find the health care measures which are suitable for the period of the puerperal period of the women in the Tibetan area, in view of the physical and mental changes occurring in the life cycle of women, especially in the life cycle of women. We put forward effective and timely health care measures during the period of pregnancy and postpartum women's physical and mental changes. Through consulting the classics of Tibetan medicine literature and field investigation, questionnaires and other methods to excavate the health care measures of the puerperal period in Tibetan areas, to reveal the status of health care measures in the puerperal period in the Tibetan area, and to publicize and popularize the health measures during the puerperium period. The final purpose. Research methods: This study mainly through the combination of theoretical research and practical research methods, using literature research, field investigation, questionnaire survey, interview and other methods to study. Literature research: four medical and classic literature of Tibetan medicine and search for the main content of gynecological diseases and maternal and child health care Literature, documents, literature and other works are studied, compared, analyzed, summed up and summarized. At the same time, using and learning the relevant contents of contemporary public hygiene, we can compare and summarize the advantages and disadvantages. On the field inspection, we should visit the Tibetan farmers, herdsmen and relevant guards by contacting the local village responsible personnel and receiving the permission. Questionnaire survey: using a random sampling method and using a self-designed questionnaire, a questionnaire survey was conducted on farmers and herdsmen (aged 18 to 55 years old) in Guide County, Hainan, with a questionnaire survey on the natural childbirth center in Tongren, Huangnan. An open questionnaire survey and interview were conducted by 5 rich and experienced doctors and nurses. The core content of the whole paper was explained and assisted. Statistical analysis: Excel data entry and Stata19 statistical software were applied to quantitative data, Fisher test and X~2 test were used to study. It was confirmed that women had some physiological and psychological changes during the pregnancy and late production. The term "Nang Nang" (puerperal period) quoted in real life was not in the late period, but in the classical literature of traditional Tibetan medicine. In Tibetan medicine, the rational application methods of diet and behavior were summarized and summed up in the Tibetan medicine. In medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, a simple comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the method of "sitting on the moon" is discussed, and the importance of the use of health measures in women's cycles and puerperium is discussed by statistics of the high incidence of postpartum diseases and symptoms. Secondly, it is found that the choice of the place of childbirth in the Tibetan area is greater than that of the family. The pregnant time of the women in Tibetan pastoral areas should be earlier than that of the rural women, and the postpartum recuperation time of the farmers and herdsmen in Tibetan areas is ideal, the average length of the rest is about 21 (54%) days. In addition, the traditional dietary habits and behavioral formulas are collected and arranged during the period of the puerperium, and the level of health care and health care service and health in the period of the Tibetan area is accepted. The quality was generally poor; the situation of postpartum breastfeeding in Tibetan areas was more optimistic, and the statistical agricultural and pastoral areas accounted for 94% and 95.5% respectively. The basic conditions of maternal age such as age, cultural level, family income and the use of diet and behavior in puerperium had an influence (P0.05); the quality of puerperal health was associated with postpartum high incidence of disease (P0.05). It was found that the physiological and psychological changes of women during the whole pregnancy and late production were obvious. The literature and questionnaire survey methods were used to collect and count the high incidence of postpartum diseases and symptoms. It revealed that the health care measures and application consciousness of the puerperal period were still weak in the Tibetan area. The theoretical knowledge of contemporary public hygiene and other theoretical knowledge in the Tibetan area in the Tibetan area to carry out the intervention in the puerperium of propaganda and education, so as to improve the attention of the field, and to implement effective measures to improve the status of health care in the puerperal period of Tibetan women is extremely important.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R29
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本文編號(hào)：1854038