本文選題：短翅豆芫菁　切入點：庥子　出處：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：斑蝥是鞘翅目(Colepotera)芫菁科(Meloidae)昆蟲的總稱,成蟲和幼蟲體內(nèi)均含斑蝥素(Cantharidin)。斑蝥素是芫菁科昆蟲在防御時產(chǎn)生的一種半萜類次生代謝物,因為其對治療多種癌癥具有顯著地療效,近年來得到高度關(guān)注�！吨袊幍洹分兄该魉幱冒唑心戏酱蟀唑�(Mylabris phalerata Pallas)和黃黑小斑蝥(Mylabris cichorii Linnaeus)兩種。隨著藥用需求的增加,野生斑蝥資源日漸減少,市場急于尋求得到能夠替代兩者的藥用芫菁。貴州藥用昆蟲資源豐富,已知能夠產(chǎn)斑蝥素的昆蟲多達17種,短翅豆芫菁(Epicauta aptera Kaszab)即是其中一種。貴州苗醫(yī)極富神奇色彩,其中用“庥子”蟲能夠有效的治療庥子而不傷害正常皮膚,這種高效靶向性的治療更應(yīng)該值得關(guān)注,本文將從以下三個方面來對貴州的短翅豆芫菁進行研究。1、短翅豆芫菁治療庥子觀察研究通過尋找多名手足多年長有庥子的自愿者,給自愿者按照苗醫(yī)的方法進行給藥治療后,在后續(xù)過程中對治療情況進行觀察。分別用外用消炎藥、短翅豆芫菁蟲粉直接單獨給藥治療,再用短翅豆芫菁結(jié)合消炎藥、斑蝥素晶體結(jié)合消炎藥進行給藥治療,觀察藥物的療效和區(qū)別。得出的結(jié)論是:單獨運用短翅豆芫菁蟲粉、諾氟沙星膠囊和短翅豆芫菁蟲粉混合物、諾氟沙星膠囊和斑蝥素對照品晶體混合物、羅紅霉素軟膠囊和斑蝥素對照品晶體治療庥子都具有一定的效果,在數(shù)月之內(nèi)庥子不再復(fù)發(fā)。但用羅紅霉素軟膠囊和短翅豆芫菁蟲粉治療時,效果卻不理想,對照試驗中運用兩種常見消炎藥諾氟沙星膠囊粉末和羅紅霉素軟膠囊所進行的實驗結(jié)果均呈現(xiàn)陰性。2、短翅豆芫菁和傳統(tǒng)斑蝥藥材形態(tài)及斑蝥素含量的對比短翅豆芫菁和傳統(tǒng)斑蝥在形態(tài)上有一定的差異性,南方大斑蝥和黃黑小斑蝥背部鞘翅都具有明顯的棕色或黃色條紋、頭部為三角形或圓形且顏色均為黑色,短翅豆芫菁除頭呈現(xiàn)紅色以外整個鞘翅均為黑色、腹面還具有黑色的絨毛。實驗分別將野外捕捉并冷藏在冰箱里的短翅豆芫菁和購買自貴陽市陽明花鳥市場的南方大斑蝥成蟲研磨成粉。分別采用相同條件下的索氏提取、超聲提取和冷浸提取三種不同方法進行提取后測定斑蝥素的含量,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):用相同條件下的三種不同提取方法提取斑蝥素,相同質(zhì)量的短翅豆芫菁粉末中能夠提取的斑蝥素總量要多于南方大斑蝥中的斑蝥素總量。由此可知,短翅豆芫菁亦可作為藥用斑蝥使用,可將其寫入藥典,以緩解日益增長的市場需求,另外,在使用短翅豆芫菁時應(yīng)該注意適量使用,以防止斑蝥素中毒。3、斑蝥素的降解實驗研究斑蝥素屬于劇毒物質(zhì),微克劑量的斑蝥素足以使人中毒致死。在中醫(yī)用藥時,因行醫(yī)者濫用或患者誤食斑蝥素致死的情況更是屢見不鮮,因此有必要研究斑蝥素在各種條件下的降解情況,以知曉其對人體和環(huán)境的影響。通過對斑蝥素進行自然降解、酸降解、堿降解、光降解及溫度降解的實驗,以期能夠得出斑蝥素降解的規(guī)律。在自然條件下,斑蝥素降解緩慢,即使存放3年之久的斑蝥成蟲,除了觸角多有脫落外,蟲體幾乎沒有腐敗,斑蝥素的含量變化不大。鑒于斑蝥素的結(jié)構(gòu)是酸酐,其在酸性條件下應(yīng)較為穩(wěn)定,而在堿性條件下則容易發(fā)生水解,實驗中斑蝥素在HCl溶液中的降解沒有明顯規(guī)律,但是在Na OH溶液中降解較快。在室內(nèi)日光燈及自然光的照射下,斑蝥素的降解相較于在HCl和Na OH溶液中的降解都要緩慢,光照對斑蝥素的含量變化幾乎不產(chǎn)生影響。在不同的溫度下斑蝥素的濃度隨著降解時間的增加無明顯的變化。
[Abstract]:Cantharidin is Coleptera Meloidae (Colepotera) (Meloidae) of insects in general, adult and larvae contain cantharidin (Cantharidin). Cantharidin is Meloidae insects in defense of a semi terpenoid secondary metabolites, because it has significant curative effect on the treatment of various cancers, in recent years has been highly pay attention to. China specified in Pharmacopoeia > have medicinal cantharides Mylabris phalerata (Mylabris phalerata Pallas) and Mylabris Cichorii Linnaeus (Mylabris Cichorii Linnaeus) two. With the increase of the demand of wild medicinal resources dwindling, cantharidin, seeking to replace the market to both medicinal coriander. Guizhou is rich in medicinal insect resources, known to be capable of producing cantharidin insects as many as 17 kinds of Epicauta aptera Kaszab (Epicauta aptera Kaszab) is one of a kind. Guizhou Miao medicine very magical color, the treatment for use "for" worm effectively without injury Harm of normal skin, this highly targeted therapy should be more worthy of attention, this article from the following three aspects of the Guizhou Epicauta aptera Kaszab of.1, Epicauta aptera Kaszab treatment for sub study by looking for more than a foot long years for the volunteers to volunteer for the medicine according to the method of treatment of Miao nationality medicine, later in the process of treatment were observed respectively. With the use of topical anti-inflammatory drugs, Epicauta aptera Kaszab insect powder directly to the treatment, and then Epicauta aptera Kaszab combined with anti-inflammatory drugs, cantharidin crystal combined with anti-inflammatory drugs for drug treatment, observation of curative effect and different drugs the conclusion is: the use of separate Epicauta aptera Kaszab insect powder, Norfloxacin Capsules and Epicauta aptera Kaszab insect powder mixture, Norfloxacin Capsules and cantharidin control crystal mixture, Roxithromycin Soft Capsules and cantharidin crystal treatment for all control Has a certain effect, no recurrence within a few months. But for Roxithromycin Soft Capsules and Epicauta aptera Kaszab insect powder treatment, the effect is not ideal, controlled trials using two common anti-inflammatory drugs and Roxithromycin Soft Capsules Norfloxacin Capsules powder of experimental results showed negative.2, Epicauta aptera Kaszab and traditional the morphology and content of cantharidin in Mylabris contrast Epicauta aptera Kaszab and traditional cantharidin has some differences in morphology, Mylabris phalerata and Mylabris Cichorii back elytrum has obvious brown or yellow stripes, triangular head or round and the color is black, short wings Epicauta in head the red elytra were black, with black hair. On paper, wild caught and frozen in the refrigerator, Epicauta aptera Kaszab and purchased from Guiyang Yangming flower market South The adult beetle grinded into powder. Using Soxhlet extraction under the same conditions, the content of cantharidin by ultrasonic extraction and water extraction of three different methods of extraction results showed that: after using three different extraction methods under the same conditions of cantharidin extract, the same quality of Epicauta aptera Kaszab powder can be extracted the total amount of more than cantharidin in Mylabris phalerata in total cantharidin. Therefore, Epicauta aptera Kaszab can also be used as medicinal use of cantharidin can be written, Pharmacopoeia, to alleviate the increasing market demand, in addition, in the use of Epicauta aptera Kaszab should pay attention to proper use, to prevent cantharidin poisoning.3 experimental study on degradation of cantharidin cantharidin are highly toxic substances, microgram dose of cantharidin poisoning. Enough to make people in traditional Chinese medicine, because doctors abuse or patients eating cantharidin is more lethal It is often seen, So it is necessary to study the degradation of cantharidin in various conditions, to know its impact on human health and the environment. By means of cantharidin to natural degradation, acid degradation, alkaline degradation, light degradation and temperature degradation experiments, in order to get the law of degradation of cantharidin. Under natural conditions, cantharidin the slow degradation, even if stored for 3 years in addition to many adult beetle, tentacles off, the body almost no corruption, there was no change in cantharidin. In view of the structure of cantharidin is its anhydride in acidic conditions should be relatively stable, and in alkaline conditions prone to hydrolysis, cantharidin in HCl the solution in the degradation experiment rule is not obvious, but the degradation in Na OH solution faster. In indoor daylight lamp and natural light irradiation, the degradation of cantharidin degradation in HCl and Na compared to OH in the solution to the slow light of cantharidin The change of the content of cantharidin at different temperatures did not change significantly with the increase of the degradation time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R29

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