可控性脊髓爆震傷模型的建立及相關研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-03 20:31
【摘要】：現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)爭的新特點是傳統(tǒng)的槍彈貫通傷明顯減少，炸彈爆炸后形成的沖擊波損傷數(shù)量明顯增加。盡管傷后的主要死亡原因集中在胸腔、腹腔、顱腦等重要臟器的損傷上，但是存活下來的傷員中，有大量因沖擊波造成的脊髓損傷。本課題在前期研究的基礎上，著重探討沖擊波作用于脊髓表面導致?lián)p傷的超壓范圍，在建立相關動物模型的基礎上進一步觀察脊髓爆震傷后的組織學變化。 目的：建立一種新的沖擊波損傷實驗動物模型，使沖擊波直接作用到脊髓表面，造成脊髓損傷，排除皮膚、軟組織、骨骼對沖擊波的干擾，研究沖擊波損傷后脊髓相應的病理生理變化，為早期治療提供理論依據(jù)。 方法：（1）采用10g的單質(zhì)錳炸藥（RDX）為水下爆源，電控引爆，測量不同距離的沖擊波強度；（2）將18只大鼠分為3組，每組6只，切除大鼠T9-10段椎板，暴露脊髓，將暴露的脊髓正對沖擊波的傳導方向，按照距離爆源0.3、0.8、1.5米實施水下爆破，檢測不同爆炸距離下的瞬時超壓峰值、沖擊波的正壓作用時間，觀察大鼠存活及組織損傷情況，觀察傷后24小時脊髓損傷功能評分；（3）在1.5米距離下實施爆炸，將30只大鼠隨機分為空白對照組和實驗組。對照組（n=6）不給于爆震損傷處理，統(tǒng)一于7d取材。實驗組分別于損傷后8h（n=6）、1d（n=6）、3d（n=6）、7d（n=6）、取材；取材后通過HE染色、透射電鏡檢測等技術，觀察爆震傷對脊髓的影響。 結(jié)果：（1）爆炸后沖擊波致使實驗動物死亡的主要原因是：重要臟器損傷導致的呼吸、循環(huán)衰竭。首要原因是肺挫傷造成的呼吸衰竭；（2）爆炸源為10g的單質(zhì)錳炸藥，在距離爆源1.5米處產(chǎn)生3Mpa強度的沖擊波，傷后實驗動物完全成活，損傷平面以下出現(xiàn)運動、感覺障礙，脊髓損傷功能評分符合實驗要求；（3）傷后光鏡下觀察，，損傷段脊髓組織可見大量散在的出血壞死灶，以灰質(zhì)范圍內(nèi)出血壞死較重，出現(xiàn)時間較早，灰質(zhì)內(nèi)神經(jīng)元數(shù)目明顯減少，白質(zhì)內(nèi)脫髓鞘樣改變嚴重。傷后透射電鏡的觀察可見神經(jīng)元細胞核體積減小，內(nèi)褶皺形成，線粒體、內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)等細胞器腫脹嚴重，數(shù)量明顯減少；髓鞘板層出現(xiàn)明顯的斷裂和崩解，軸漿內(nèi)細胞器減少，神經(jīng)絲斷裂；灰質(zhì)內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)大量的紅細胞，并伴有明顯的壞死區(qū)形成。 結(jié)論：水下可控性脊髓爆震傷模型精確性和穩(wěn)定性好，該模型排除了皮膚、軟組織、骨骼的干擾，使沖擊波直接作用于脊髓表面，實現(xiàn)了單純沖擊波因素致傷的特點，為今后的實驗提供了良好的動物模型。
[Abstract]:The new characteristic of modern war is that the traditional bullet penetrating injury is reduced obviously and the number of shock wave damage caused by bomb explosion is obviously increased. Although the main causes of death after the injury are chest abdominal cavity craniocerebral and other important organ injuries but the survival of the injured there are a large number of spinal cord injury caused by shock wave. On the basis of previous studies, this paper focuses on the range of overpressure caused by shock wave acting on the surface of spinal cord, and further observes the histological changes after spinal cord explosive injury on the basis of the establishment of related animal models. Objective: to establish a new animal model of shock wave injury, which directly acts on the surface of spinal cord, resulting in spinal cord injury and eliminating the interference of skin, soft tissue and bone on shock wave. To study the pathophysiological changes of spinal cord after shock wave injury and to provide theoretical basis for early treatment. Methods: (1) using 10 g (RDX) as the underwater detonation source, electrically detonating and measuring the shock wave intensity at different distances, 18 rats were divided into 3 groups, 6 rats in each group, and the spinal cord was exposed by excising the lamina of the T9-10 segment of the rats. According to the conduction direction of the exposed spinal cord to the shock wave, underwater blasting was carried out according to the distance of 0.3 ~ 0.81.5 meters from the explosion source. The instantaneous overpressure peak at different explosion distances and the time of positive pressure action of the shock wave were detected, and the survival and tissue damage of the rats were observed. The functional score of spinal cord injury was observed 24 hours after injury. (3) explosion was carried out at a distance of 1.5 meters, and 30 rats were randomly divided into blank control group and experimental group. The control group (NX 6) was not treated with knock damage, but was collected at 7 d. The experimental group was collected at 8 h (NX 6) and 1 d (ng 6) 3 d (ng 6) and 7 d (ng 6), and the effects of blast injury on spinal cord were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: (1) the main causes of death caused by shock wave after explosion were respiratory and circulatory failure caused by injury of important organs. The primary cause was respiratory failure caused by lung contusion. (2) the blast source of 10 g of simple manganese explosive produced shock waves of 3Mpa strength at a distance of 1.5 meters from the detonation source. After the injury, the experimental animals survived completely, and there were movement and sensory disorders below the injury plane. The functional score of spinal cord injury meets the requirements of the experiment. (3) under the light microscope, a large number of scattered hemorrhage and necrosis foci were observed in the injured spinal cord tissue, with severe hemorrhage and necrosis in the gray matter area, earlier occurrence time, and a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the gray matter. The demyelinating changes in white matter were severe. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that the nucleus volume was reduced, the inner fold formed, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were swollen, and the number of organelles was decreased, the myelin sheaths were broken and disintegrated, and the organelles in axon cytoplasm were decreased. A large number of red blood cells were found in gray matter with obvious necrotic areas. Conclusion: the model of underwater controllable spinal cord explosive injury is accurate and stable. The model eliminates the interference of skin, soft tissue and bone, and makes the shock wave act directly on the surface of spinal cord. It provides a good animal model for future experiments.
【學位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R82
本文編號：2221089
[Abstract]:The new characteristic of modern war is that the traditional bullet penetrating injury is reduced obviously and the number of shock wave damage caused by bomb explosion is obviously increased. Although the main causes of death after the injury are chest abdominal cavity craniocerebral and other important organ injuries but the survival of the injured there are a large number of spinal cord injury caused by shock wave. On the basis of previous studies, this paper focuses on the range of overpressure caused by shock wave acting on the surface of spinal cord, and further observes the histological changes after spinal cord explosive injury on the basis of the establishment of related animal models. Objective: to establish a new animal model of shock wave injury, which directly acts on the surface of spinal cord, resulting in spinal cord injury and eliminating the interference of skin, soft tissue and bone on shock wave. To study the pathophysiological changes of spinal cord after shock wave injury and to provide theoretical basis for early treatment. Methods: (1) using 10 g (RDX) as the underwater detonation source, electrically detonating and measuring the shock wave intensity at different distances, 18 rats were divided into 3 groups, 6 rats in each group, and the spinal cord was exposed by excising the lamina of the T9-10 segment of the rats. According to the conduction direction of the exposed spinal cord to the shock wave, underwater blasting was carried out according to the distance of 0.3 ~ 0.81.5 meters from the explosion source. The instantaneous overpressure peak at different explosion distances and the time of positive pressure action of the shock wave were detected, and the survival and tissue damage of the rats were observed. The functional score of spinal cord injury was observed 24 hours after injury. (3) explosion was carried out at a distance of 1.5 meters, and 30 rats were randomly divided into blank control group and experimental group. The control group (NX 6) was not treated with knock damage, but was collected at 7 d. The experimental group was collected at 8 h (NX 6) and 1 d (ng 6) 3 d (ng 6) and 7 d (ng 6), and the effects of blast injury on spinal cord were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: (1) the main causes of death caused by shock wave after explosion were respiratory and circulatory failure caused by injury of important organs. The primary cause was respiratory failure caused by lung contusion. (2) the blast source of 10 g of simple manganese explosive produced shock waves of 3Mpa strength at a distance of 1.5 meters from the detonation source. After the injury, the experimental animals survived completely, and there were movement and sensory disorders below the injury plane. The functional score of spinal cord injury meets the requirements of the experiment. (3) under the light microscope, a large number of scattered hemorrhage and necrosis foci were observed in the injured spinal cord tissue, with severe hemorrhage and necrosis in the gray matter area, earlier occurrence time, and a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the gray matter. The demyelinating changes in white matter were severe. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that the nucleus volume was reduced, the inner fold formed, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were swollen, and the number of organelles was decreased, the myelin sheaths were broken and disintegrated, and the organelles in axon cytoplasm were decreased. A large number of red blood cells were found in gray matter with obvious necrotic areas. Conclusion: the model of underwater controllable spinal cord explosive injury is accurate and stable. The model eliminates the interference of skin, soft tissue and bone, and makes the shock wave act directly on the surface of spinal cord. It provides a good animal model for future experiments.
【學位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R82
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