本文選題：高G + 前庭　； 參考：《第四軍醫(yī)大學》2001年博士論文

【摘要】： 高G環(huán)境是航空航天活動中常見的對人體有較大影響的因素之一。隨著航 空航天技術(shù)及人體防護措施的發(fā)展，飛行人員需要承受的G值越來越大，宇航 員在發(fā)射階段也常需要承受高G值的作用。然而，以往航空航天醫(yī)學工作者主 要著眼于高G值對心腦血管系統(tǒng)的影響及防護等方面，對直接感受高G值作用 的前庭耳石器的影響卻沒有引起足夠的重視。耳石器是否能承受如此高的G值 而正常工作？這是一個值得深入探討的問題。因為如果高G值造成耳石器的損 害，可引發(fā)眩暈、空間定向障礙等，造成嚴重后果。另外，如果宇航員在發(fā)射 階段造成了耳石器的損害，是否會與航天適應(yīng)綜合征（Space adaptation syndrome，SAS）發(fā)病有關(guān)等也不得而知。因此，探討、明確高G是否會造成耳 石器損傷具有十分重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。另外，，如果耳石器受到損傷，在防 護上也存在一系列問題。這是因為，由于耳石器解剖，生理上的特殊性，使其 不可能象對心腦血管系統(tǒng)那樣從裝備等方面進行防護，可能的方法只能是通過 鍛煉等手段，提高其對高G值作用的耐受值。預適應(yīng)是生物界普遍存在的一種 現(xiàn)象，對于保護各系統(tǒng)器官具有一定積極意義。前庭系統(tǒng)是否也存在預適應(yīng)現(xiàn) 象，其是否可提高豚鼠對高G值作用的耐受值，從而對高G作用所致前庭功能 損害起到一定的防護作用？這也是一個值得深入探討的問題。 染凹車醫(yī)人學博士學位論義 本文采用行為學、形態(tài)學、細胞生物學、分子生物學等手段，觀察了 ＋ltoy oin暴露對豚鼠前庭耳石器的影響以及Z 8天的預習服對其防護作用。 主要結(jié)果如下： 1．＋lmy初in的暴露（、l地組）可5！起22／28門狐）豚鼠行為學的異 常，包括自發(fā)眼震、眼位偏斜、頭位震顫、頭位偏斜、身體轉(zhuǎn)圈、側(cè)滾轉(zhuǎn)等； 而在給子＋lffiy SInin的暴露前經(jīng)過預習服（預習服組）的行為異常率只有14／28 （h）。提示高G可造成豚鼠前庭功能紊亂，預習服具有一定的防護作用。 2．采用光鏡、電鏡形態(tài)學觀察方法發(fā)現(xiàn)：光鏡下八op組和預習服組均有 一定程度細胞空泡化。電鏡下顯示：＋ltoy組于＋ltoy暴露后0．sh呈現(xiàn)兩種性質(zhì) 的耳石改變：①耳石消失及耳石再生前體一一球狀物的出現(xiàn)：②耳石的變性融 合，即耳石失去原有形態(tài)，融合為一個整體。24h后表現(xiàn)為耳石膜明顯增厚； 高倍鏡下證實其主要為啞鈴狀不成熟耳石。預習服組于＋l％y暴露后隊sh表現(xiàn) 為耳石有裂紋出現(xiàn)和層狀化，24h后呈現(xiàn)出耳石質(zhì)地疏松和微細孔狀結(jié)構(gòu)出 現(xiàn)。另外兩組豚鼠均有纖毛粘連和倒伏。左右耳未見差別。 3．應(yīng)用原位末端標記的方法（11jNlilM法）在兩組均檢測到可疑凋亡細胞， 兩組之間未見明顯區(qū)別。對照組未見凋亡細胞。 4．應(yīng)用核酸原位雜交技術(shù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)預習服組在＋hey暴露后 HSP70 InRNA表達 明顯增強，其次為＋l地直接暴露組，對照組最弱。 5．應(yīng)用免疫組織化學方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)細胞骨架蛋白cytokeratin在各組間沒有 變化，actin在各組均呈陰性反應(yīng)。 6．應(yīng)用免疫組織化學方法。發(fā)現(xiàn)兩組ChAT染色均明顯高于對照組，不過 兩組之間未見明顯差別。 7．觀察到不僅支持細胞可以分泌產(chǎn)生耳石前體——球狀物，而且1型細胞 也可以產(chǎn)生，證實豐富了前庭生理學中有關(guān)耳石再生來源的理論。 扼此，提出高G引起豚鼠行為表現(xiàn)異常的主要機理是：①高過載環(huán)境下，耳 石重量相對增加，引起耳石層與下方膠質(zhì)層切線力增大，其問結(jié)合受到損害，從而 《 第四軍醫(yī)大學博士學位論文 耳石移位和／或耳石、囊斑上皮細胞代謝障礙，引起一系列病變，導致行為學表現(xiàn) 異常；②高過載環(huán)境下，心肺工作效率下降，血氧飽和度下降，組織能量代謝 障礙是引起一系列囊斑病變，導致行為表現(xiàn)異常的又一原因：③內(nèi)耳血供的一 些特點（如缺乏側(cè)枝循環(huán)）和囊斑上皮細胞對缺氧等的高敏感性加劇了囊斑病變， 對行為學表現(xiàn)異常起到了惡化促進作用；④高過載環(huán)境下，外周傳入信息增 加，中樞乙酚膽堿升高，也是行為學表現(xiàn)異常的因素之一。預習服防護機理在 于：恤6G值環(huán)境下，耳石層與膠質(zhì)層之間結(jié)合發(fā)生改變，如結(jié)合更緊密等， 從而在高過載作用時不易受損，病變減輕：②組織對缺氧耐受性增加，不易發(fā) 生能量代謝障礙；＠一系列保護因子如HSNQ［lltNA表達增強，發(fā)揮其對組織細 胞的保護作用。通過以上途徑，囊斑病變減輕，行為學表現(xiàn)異常明顯改善
[Abstract]:High G environment is one of the most common factors affecting human health in aerospace activities.
With the development of space and space technology and human protection measures, the G value of flying personnel needs to be increased.
At the launch stage, the crew often need to bear the high G value.
We should focus on the effect of high G on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system and protection, so as to directly sense the high G value.
The influence of the vestibule otolith has not attracted enough attention. Is otolith able to withstand such high G value?
Normal work? This is a question worth further discussion, because if the high G value causes the loss of otolith.
Damage can cause vertigo, spatial disorientation, and other serious consequences. In addition, if astronauts are launching
The stage caused damage to the otolith and whether it would be related to the space adaptation syndrome (Space adaptation).
Syndrome, SAS) the pathogenesis is not known. Therefore, it is clear whether the high G will cause the ear.
Stone injury is of great theoretical and practical significance. In addition, if the otolith is damaged, it will be prevented.
There are also a series of problems in nursing. This is because, because of the special anatomy of the otolith, the physiological particularity makes it difficult.
It is impossible to protect from the equipment such as the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system. The only way to do this is to pass.
Exercise and other means improve its tolerance to high G value. Preconditioning is a common phenomenon in the biological world.
The phenomenon is of positive significance for the protection of various organs. Is there any preconditioning in the vestibular system?
Elephant, whether it can increase the tolerance value of guinea pigs to high G value, and thus cause vestibular function due to high G effect.
Damage plays a certain protective role. This is also a question worth further discussion.
A doctorate in the medical humanities of a concave vehicle
In this paper, behavior, morphology, cell biology and molecular biology were used to observe.
The effect of + ltoy oin exposure on the vestibule otolith in guinea pigs and the protective effect of Z 8 day preview clothing on guinea pigs.
The main results are as follows:
1. + lmy initial in exposure (L Group) can be 5! 22 / 28 door fox. Guinea pigs behave differently.
Usually, it includes spontaneous nystagmus, eye deflection, head tremor, head deflection, body rotation, lateral rollover, etc.
And the rate of abnormal behavior was 14 / 28 after preconditioning (preview group) before exposure to SInin.
(H) suggesting that high G can cause vestibular dysfunction in guinea pigs. Preconditioning has certain protective effects.
2. by light microscope and electron microscope observation, it was found that under the light microscope, the eight OP group and the pre study group were all observed.
Vacuolization of cells was observed to some extent. Under electron microscope, 0.sh appeared two properties in + ltoy group after exposure to + ltoy.
Otolith changes: (1) otolith disappeared and otolith regenerating precursors one globule: 2. Otolith degeneration.
In other words, otolith lost its original form and fused into a whole.24h.
At high magnification, it was confirmed that it was mainly dumbbell shaped immature otolith. The SH performance of preconditioning group after exposure to + l%y
There are cracks and stratified structures in the otoliths. After 24h, the otoliths are loose and tiny.
The other two groups of guinea pigs had cilia adhesion and lodging. There was no difference between the left and right ears.
3. suspicious apoptotic cells were detected in two groups by using in situ end labeling (11jNlilM).
There was no significant difference between the two groups.
4. using nucleic acid in situ hybridization, we found that the expression of HSP70 InRNA in preconditioning group after exposure to + US
Obviously increased, followed by + L direct exposure group, the control group was the weakest.
5. immunohistochemical staining showed that cytoskeletal protein cytokeratin was not found among the groups.
The changes of actin were negative in all groups.
6. using immunohistochemical method, two groups of ChAT staining were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group.
There was no significant difference between the two groups.
7. it was observed that not only the supporting cells could secrete otolith precursors - globule, but also type 1 cells.
It can also be produced, which confirms the theory of the origin of otolith in vestibular physiology.
In conclusion, the main mechanism of abnormal behavior of guinea pigs induced by high G is: (1) under high overload environment.
The relative increase of stone weight causes the tangential force of otoliths and lower glial layers to increase.
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Doctoral dissertations of The Fourth Military Medical University
Otolith displacement and / or otolith, cystic spot epithelial cell metabolic disturbance, cause a series of pathological changes, cause behavior behavior.
Under high overload environment, the efficiency of heart and lung decreased, blood oxygen saturation decreased, and tissue energy metabolism.
Obstacle is another cause of a series of cystic lesions, resulting in abnormal behavior.
Some features (such as lack of collateral circulation) and cystic plaque cells aggravate Gao Min's perception of anoxia and so on.
It has played an important role in promoting abnormal behavior.
In addition, the increase of central acetylcholine is also one of the factors of abnormal behavior.
In: under the 6G value environment, the combination of otoliths and glial layers changes, such as closer integration.
Thus, it is not easy to be damaged under high overload, and the lesion is reduced.
A series of protective factors, such as HSNQ (lltNA), enhance their energy metabolism.
Through the above pathway, the cystic lesions were relieved and the behavioral performance was improved significantly.
【學位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2001
【分類號】：R852.3

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