本文選題：軍事醫(yī)學(xué) + 本體�。� 參考：《中國(guó)人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：軍事醫(yī)學(xué)是維護(hù)、恢復(fù)和促進(jìn)軍人健康,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)、再生和提高戰(zhàn)斗力目的的特種醫(yī)學(xué)。軍事醫(yī)學(xué)起源于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的需求,以一般醫(yī)學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),將其科學(xué)技術(shù)運(yùn)用于軍事活動(dòng)。隨著科技進(jìn)步和生物醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展,新興學(xué)科不斷交叉融合;同時(shí),武器裝備和軍事戰(zhàn)略的發(fā)展變化又不斷提出醫(yī)學(xué)保障新問(wèn)題和衛(wèi)生勤務(wù)新需要,使得軍事醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)科發(fā)展越來(lái)越壯大、越來(lái)越具特殊性。軍事醫(yī)學(xué)以一般醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)科為基礎(chǔ),其包含的關(guān)于生命、健康、疾病、損傷等領(lǐng)域的生理、病理基礎(chǔ)理論是軍事醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)重要組成部分,在此基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的損傷修復(fù)機(jī)制、作業(yè)生理和調(diào)控因子以及衛(wèi)生勤務(wù)理論是軍事醫(yī)學(xué)的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。軍事醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)除了沿著醫(yī)學(xué)向縱深方向發(fā)展探索外,還向著軍事科學(xué)知識(shí)橫向拓展,軍事醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的特殊需求使得軍事醫(yī)學(xué)展現(xiàn)出不同于一般醫(yī)學(xué)的某些特征,從而豐富了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)體系。軍事醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)要素多元、屬性多維、形態(tài)多態(tài)、線性作用與非線性作用并存的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)。傳統(tǒng)的知識(shí)組織方式如分類法、主題詞表等多是一維的,難以揭示軍事醫(yī)學(xué)多維復(fù)雜的知識(shí)體系。因此需要運(yùn)用更加科學(xué)的方式和更先進(jìn)的技術(shù)組織軍事醫(yī)學(xué)信息,并實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)獲取和理解,實(shí)現(xiàn)知識(shí)表示,再?gòu)闹刑崛∪藗兯枰能娛箩t(yī)學(xué)知識(shí),從而形成一個(gè)真正意義上的完整的知識(shí)管理系統(tǒng)。本體(ontology)起源于哲學(xué),20世紀(jì)90年代被引入到知識(shí)工程領(lǐng)域。它包含領(lǐng)域的核心知識(shí),從語(yǔ)義和知識(shí)層面對(duì)領(lǐng)域概念進(jìn)行描述,建立概念模型框架。本體能夠發(fā)掘領(lǐng)域內(nèi)隱含的或不明確的知識(shí),促進(jìn)領(lǐng)域知識(shí)的共享和重用,因此本體作為一種知識(shí)組織方式越來(lái)越受到重視�；诒倔w方法,根據(jù)軍事醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)科知識(shí)特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)的分類體系,準(zhǔn)確刻畫概念之間的關(guān)系,能夠充分展示軍事醫(yī)學(xué)包含的知識(shí)點(diǎn)及其內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,支持多維度、可視化、動(dòng)態(tài)地組織軍事醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)和信息資源,促進(jìn)軍事醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)交互和分析利用。本研究在廣泛調(diào)研國(guó)內(nèi)外本體相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,全面研究了本體相關(guān)概念、方法、語(yǔ)言和工具,梳理并選取了適合軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的方法和工具。調(diào)研了國(guó)內(nèi)外典型通用本體和生物醫(yī)學(xué)本體,為軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建提供了借鑒。根據(jù)軍事醫(yī)學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)屬性,經(jīng)過(guò)分析比較選取了一體化醫(yī)學(xué)語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)(UMLS)作為可以復(fù)用的本體,提高了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的效率。詳細(xì)分析并理清了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建相關(guān)的理論和方法,提出了一套可行的軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建技術(shù)路徑,最后以軍事醫(yī)學(xué)頂層本體構(gòu)建為落腳點(diǎn),對(duì)軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建進(jìn)行了示范研究及論證。本論文的重點(diǎn)研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論分為以下四個(gè)部分。第一部分,本體研究理論和實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)的情報(bào)調(diào)研。重點(diǎn)梳理了本體的起源、概念內(nèi)涵及分類,比較了7種本體構(gòu)建方法,3種本體表示語(yǔ)言,分析了本體構(gòu)建工具的使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn),為軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建提供了理論和技術(shù)支撐。探析了3種典型通用頂層本體、4種國(guó)外典型生物醫(yī)學(xué)本體和2種國(guó)內(nèi)典型生物醫(yī)學(xué)本體,比較并分析了它們的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),為本體復(fù)用奠定基礎(chǔ)。第二部分,軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的理論探討。首先比較了通用頂層本體、一般醫(yī)學(xué)本體和軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體之間的關(guān)系,理清了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的相關(guān)概念。然后闡述了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的必要性,并詳細(xì)分析了目前軍事醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)比分析了4類術(shù)語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),總結(jié)了其存在的問(wèn)題。最后從軍事醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)科知識(shí)復(fù)雜性、軍事醫(yī)學(xué)概念復(fù)雜性、概念之間語(yǔ)義關(guān)系復(fù)雜性三方面剖析了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。第三部分,軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的方法研究。首先通過(guò)對(duì)軍事醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)特點(diǎn)的分析,闡述了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建需要遵循的原則,指出了其必須滿足本體構(gòu)建的一般性原則、醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的通則以及軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的特殊性原則。然后探討了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體的構(gòu)建方法,從軍事醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)組織的實(shí)際出發(fā),提出了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建需要采用的方法主要包括本體論方法、文獻(xiàn)計(jì)量法、語(yǔ)義分析法和專家調(diào)查法。第四部分,軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的示范研究。本部分在軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的理論和方法研究基礎(chǔ)上,以軍事醫(yī)學(xué)頂層本體構(gòu)建為實(shí)例,設(shè)計(jì)并構(gòu)建了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)頂層本體模型框架及概念間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。首先提出了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)頂層本體構(gòu)建的步驟,包括確定研究的領(lǐng)域和范圍、復(fù)用現(xiàn)有本體、核心概念集的選取、建立頂層本體模型框架、定義頂層框架的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系、頂層本體框架的公理表示6個(gè)步驟。然后復(fù)用了UMLS語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)。選取了《軍用醫(yī)學(xué)主題詞表》族首詞、軍事醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞作為軍事醫(yī)學(xué)核心概念集,設(shè)計(jì)了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)頂層模型框架的語(yǔ)義類型及其上下級(jí)邏輯關(guān)系。在繼承了UMLS全部56種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,選取了軍隊(duì)衛(wèi)生裝備學(xué)和防原醫(yī)學(xué)兩個(gè)子學(xué)科對(duì)軍事醫(yī)學(xué)頂層本體語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的建立進(jìn)行了示范。選取了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)論著、軍事醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)作為兩個(gè)子學(xué)科頂層語(yǔ)義關(guān)系建立的文本集,通過(guò)文本分析提取了其中包含的概念間關(guān)系,以此建立了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)特有的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。最后從軍事醫(yī)學(xué)頂層框架的合理性和語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的適用性兩方面,對(duì)軍事醫(yī)學(xué)頂層本體構(gòu)建的結(jié)果采用兩種方法分別進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。一是采用了基于數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的方法,驗(yàn)證了軍事醫(yī)學(xué)頂層本體模型框架是否覆蓋了全部實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),同時(shí)也補(bǔ)充了頂層模型框架包含的概念種類及語(yǔ)義類型之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。二是采用了專家調(diào)查法對(duì)軍事醫(yī)學(xué)本體構(gòu)建的方法及頂層本體構(gòu)建的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),并依據(jù)專家意見(jiàn)修正了部分頂層本體模型框架。
[Abstract]:Military medicine is a special medicine that maintains, restores and promotes the health of soldiers, thus achieving the purpose of protecting, regenerating and improving combat effectiveness. Military medicine originates from the needs of war, based on general medicine, and applies its science and technology to military activities. With the development of science and technology and the development of biological medicine, the emerging disciplines are constantly intersecting; meanwhile, The development and change of weapon equipment and military strategy have constantly put forward new problems of medical support and new needs of health service, which make the development of military medicine growing more and more special. Military medicine is based on general medical science, which contains physiological and pathological basic theories about life, health, disease and injury. It is an important part of military medical knowledge. On this basis, the mechanism of injury and repair, physiological and regulatory factors and the theory of health service are the solid foundation of military medicine. In addition to the exploration of the development of military medicine, the knowledge of military medicine has been extended horizontally to military science, and the special needs of military medicine are needed. The military medical knowledge system is a complex system with multiple elements, multi-dimensional, polymorphic, linear and nonlinear interaction. The traditional knowledge organization, such as the classification method, the subject word list, etc., is a complex system. It is difficult to reveal the multidimensional and complex knowledge system of military medicine. Therefore, it is necessary to organize military medical information in a more scientific way and more advanced technology, realize the acquisition and understanding of the computer, realize the knowledge representation, and then extract the military medical knowledge that people need, thus forming a true and complete knowledge. Ontology, which originated in philosophy, was introduced into the field of knowledge engineering in 1990s. It includes the core knowledge of the domain, describes the domain concepts from the semantic and knowledge layers, and establishes the conceptual model framework. The ontology can discover the hidden or unidentified knowledge in the domain, promote the sharing and reuse of domain knowledge. This ontology is becoming more and more important as a way of knowledge organization. Based on the ontology method, according to the characteristics of military medical knowledge, it designs the classification system of knowledge and accurately depicts the relationship between concepts. It can fully display the knowledge points of military medicine and its internal relations, support multi dimension, visualize and dynamically organize military affairs. Medical knowledge and information resources are used to promote the interaction and analysis of military medical knowledge. On the basis of extensive research on the relevant literature of domestic and foreign ontology, this study has studied the concepts, methods, languages and tools of ontology, combed and selected the methods and tools suitable for the construction of Military Medical Ontology. According to the medical knowledge attribute of military medicine, the integrated medical language system (UMLS) is selected as the reusable ontology, and the efficiency of the construction of military medicine ontology is improved. The related theories of military medical ontology construction are detailedly analyzed and clarified. And method, put forward a set of feasible technical path for the construction of military medicine ontology, and finally take the top body of military medicine as the foothold, and carry out demonstration research and demonstration on the construction of military medicine ontology. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are divided into four parts. Part one, the situation of ontology research theory and practice basis. It focuses on the origin, concept connotation and classification of ontology, compares 7 kinds of ontology construction methods, 3 kinds of ontology language, analyses the use standard of ontology construction tools, provides theoretical and technical support for the construction of military medicine ontology. It also analyzes 3 typical general top-level ontology, 4 kinds of foreign typical biomedical ontology and 2 species. The typical biomedical ontology in China, compared and analyzed their successful experience, laid the foundation for the reuse of the ontology. The second part, the theoretical discussion of the construction of military medicine ontology. First, it compares the general top layer ontology, the relationship between the general medical ontology and the military medical ontology, and clarify the related concepts of the construction of military medicine ontology. Then, it explains the related concepts of the construction of military medicine. The necessity of the construction of military medicine ontology is described, and the present situation of military medical terminology standards is analyzed in detail. The 4 categories of terminology standards are compared and analyzed, and the problems are summarized. Finally, the military medical books are analyzed from the complexity of the knowledge of military medicine, the complexity of the concept of military medicine and the complexity of the semantic relations between the concepts in three aspects. The third part, the method research of the construction of military medicine ontology. First, through the analysis of the characteristics of military medical knowledge, this paper expounds the principles that should be followed in the construction of military medicine ontology, points out the general principles that must satisfy the construction of the ontology, the general rule of the construction of medical science and the construction of the military medicine noumenon. The construction method of military medicine ontology is discussed. From the reality of military medical knowledge organization, the methods of ontology construction of military medicine mainly include ontology, bibliometrics, semantic analysis and expert investigation. The fourth part, the demonstration research of the construction of military medicine ontology. On the basis of the theory and methods of the construction of military medicine ontology, based on the construction of the top ontology of military medicine as an example, the framework of the top level noumenon model of military medicine and the semantic relationship between the concepts are designed and constructed. First, the steps of the construction of the top ontology of military medicine are put forward, including the determination of the field and scope of the research, and the reuse of the existing ontology. The core concept set is selected, the top level ontology model frame is set up, the semantic relation of the top layer framework is defined, the axiom of the top level ontology framework is expressed in 6 steps. Then the UMLS semantic network is reused. The military medical topic word list > family head word, the military medical literature key words as the core concept set of military medicine are selected, and the military medical top is designed. The semantic type and the upper and lower logical relation of the layer model frame. On the basis of inheriting all 56 semantic relations of UMLS, two sub disciplines of military medical equipment and anti original medicine are selected to demonstrate the establishment of the semantic relation of the top ontology of military medicine. The military medical literature and military medical literature are selected as two sub studies. The semantic relation of the top layer is set up. Through the text analysis, the relationship between the concepts is extracted and the special semantic relation of military medicine is established. Finally, from the two aspects of the rationality of the military medical top framework and the applicability of the semantic relation, the results of the construction of the Military Medical top layer are divided into two methods respectively. First, the method based on data driven is used to verify whether the top level ontology model framework of military medicine covers all the experimental data, and it also supplements the category of concepts and semantic relations between the top level model framework and semantic types. Two it is the method of using the expert investigation method to construct the military medical ontology and the method of using the expert investigation method and the method of the construction of the military medicine ontology. The results of top-level ontology construction are evaluated, and some top level ontology model framework is revised according to expert opinions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R82
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本文編號(hào)：2004892