本文選題：短臂離心機 + 人工重力　； 參考：《第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 千百萬年來,人類在長期的進化過程中,適應(yīng)了地球表面的1G重力環(huán)境。在航天失重環(huán)境下,流體靜壓消失,體液頭向分布,引發(fā)機體各生理系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)一系列的適應(yīng)性變化,對心血管系統(tǒng)、肌肉骨骼系統(tǒng)、前庭神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、血液系統(tǒng)、免疫系統(tǒng)等產(chǎn)生不良影響,嚴(yán)重影響航天員空間工作能力和飛行任務(wù)的完成,表現(xiàn)為返回地面后的立位耐力下降、運動能力下降等再適應(yīng)不良的癥狀。為了保證航天員的身體健康、安全及工作效率,開展中長期失重對抗措施的研究是非常必要的。 微重力暴露后的心血管功能失調(diào)與以下因素有關(guān):①體液頭向轉(zhuǎn)移以及多尿引起血容量相對不足;②心臟功能減退;③阻力血管對交感刺激的反應(yīng)性下降;④壓力反射功能發(fā)生改變。目前的對抗措施主要包括運動、企鵝服、下體負(fù)壓、水鹽補充、抗荷服、營養(yǎng)、藥物、肌肉電刺激以及飛行前適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練等。但這些措施不足以對抗航天環(huán)境給人體帶來的不良影響,航天員仍然表現(xiàn)出立位耐力下降和進行性的骨質(zhì)丟失。采用短臂離心機,可以在空間實現(xiàn)人工重力環(huán)境,是一種針對多個生理系統(tǒng)的綜合對抗措施,有可能從根本上解決問題,具有較好的應(yīng)用前景。 既往研究表明,有氧運動有助于維持地面模擬失重被試者的血漿容量和運動能力,人工重力鍛煉則有利于提高被試者的立位耐力。短臂離心機鍛煉可將有氧運動鍛煉和人工重力鍛煉結(jié)合在一起,但是各因素在維持立位耐力中的作用以及以何種方式結(jié)合能更好地發(fā)揮對抗作用,至今尚無定論。我們改進設(shè)計的SAC-Ⅱ型短臂離心機,采用電力驅(qū)動方式,并可通過調(diào)節(jié)阻力矩定量人體運動負(fù)荷,有助于分別研究人工重力與運動負(fù)荷兩種因素的對抗作用。 本研究利用SAC-Ⅱ型短臂離心機,觀察了短臂離心機不同水平+Gz暴露聯(lián)合運動負(fù)荷時人體的心率和呼吸反應(yīng),同時選擇一定的方案,觀察了間斷性人工重力聯(lián)合運動鍛煉對人體心臟功能、自主神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)功能的影響,旨在為下一步地面模擬失重乃至載人航天飛行選擇合適的人工重力對抗方案提供基礎(chǔ)。 本研究的實驗結(jié)果及發(fā)現(xiàn)如下: 1.短臂離心機+Gz暴露聯(lián)合運動負(fù)荷時心率和呼吸的變化本實驗應(yīng)用SAC-Ⅱ型短臂離心機,觀察了不同方案離心機+Gz暴露聯(lián)合運動負(fù)荷時人體心率、呼吸的變化。10名健康青年男性間斷進行不同G值(1G,2G,3G)+Gz暴露,暴露的同時進行不同負(fù)荷(0W,30W,60W)運動鍛煉。暴露過程中持續(xù)監(jiān)測心率、呼吸的變化。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):單純+Gz暴露時心率較基礎(chǔ)值顯著增加(P0.05);+2Gz和+3Gz暴露聯(lián)合30W、60W負(fù)荷運動時心率較相同負(fù)荷單純運動時基礎(chǔ)值均顯著增加(P0.05);與單純+Gz暴露相比較,+Gz暴露聯(lián)合30W運動負(fù)荷時心率、呼吸顯著增加(P0.01),聯(lián)合60W運動負(fù)荷時進一步增加(P0.01),并隨著G值的增大而增加。結(jié)果提示,+Gz暴露聯(lián)合運動負(fù)荷時心率、呼吸的變化較單純+Gz暴露更大。 2.三周間斷性短臂離心機聯(lián)合運動鍛煉對人體心功能的影響本實驗利用短臂離心機進行梯度G值聯(lián)合運動負(fù)荷鍛煉,觀察了間斷性人工重力鍛煉3周后人體心臟收縮、泵血功能的變化。8名健康青年男性間斷進行梯度G值(1G-2G)離心機聯(lián)合30W運動負(fù)荷鍛煉,每天30min,持續(xù)3周。采用心電機械圖法和阻抗法測量鍛煉前后心臟的收縮功能與泵血功能。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):鍛煉2周后被試者左室射血時間(LVET)及射血分?jǐn)?shù)(EF)較鍛煉前顯著增加(P0.05),心率(HR)、射血前期(PEP)與LVET比值(PEP/LVET)顯著下降(P0.05);鍛煉3周后,LVET及EF進一步增加(P0.01),HR及PEP/LVET進一步下降(P0.05),同時PEP下降達到顯著性,每搏量和總外周阻力顯著增加(P0.05)。結(jié)果提示3周離心機聯(lián)合運動負(fù)荷鍛煉可顯著增強心臟收縮與泵血功能。 3.間斷性短臂離心機聯(lián)合運動鍛煉對心血管自主神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)功能的影響本實驗利用短臂離心機進行梯度G值聯(lián)合運動負(fù)荷鍛煉,觀察間斷性人工重力鍛煉3周后人體心血管自主神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)功能的變化。8名健康青年男性間斷進行梯度G值(1G-2G)離心機聯(lián)合30W運動負(fù)荷鍛煉,每天30min,持續(xù)3周。記錄心電圖和逐跳連續(xù)血壓,運用自回歸譜分析法得到心率變異性(HRV)與收縮壓變異性(SBPV)功率譜。鍛煉前后進行頭高位傾斜聯(lián)合下體負(fù)壓測試,觀察立位應(yīng)激時心血管功能變化。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):在臥位休息時,鍛煉3周后被試者HRV的低頻與高頻比值較鍛煉前顯著下降(P0.05),SBPV的低頻功率較鍛煉前顯著增加(P0.05)。在頭高位傾斜聯(lián)合下體負(fù)壓試驗時,鍛煉后被試者心率較鍛煉前顯著下降(P0.05),總外周阻力顯著增加(P0.05),每搏量呈增加的趨勢。結(jié)果提示,離心機聯(lián)合30W運動鍛煉3周可以增加平臥位心臟迷走神經(jīng)與外周血管交感神經(jīng)活動水平,增強立位應(yīng)激時血壓調(diào)節(jié)能力,提高了心血管功能儲備。 總之,本研究觀察了短臂離心機鍛煉對人體心血管功能的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)+Gz暴露聯(lián)合運動負(fù)荷時心率、呼吸的變化較單純+Gz暴露更大,并發(fā)現(xiàn)間斷性梯度G值(1G-2G)聯(lián)合30W運動負(fù)荷鍛煉3周可增強人體心臟收縮與泵血功能,增加平臥位心臟迷走神經(jīng)與外周血管交感神經(jīng)活動水平,增強了立位應(yīng)激時血壓的調(diào)節(jié)能力,提高了心血管功能儲備。本工作對下一步地面模擬失重乃至載人航天飛行選擇合適的人工重力對抗方案具有一定意義。
[Abstract]:For millions of years, human beings have adapted to the 1G gravity environment on the surface of the earth for a long period of time. In the environment of weightlessness, the hydrostatic pressure disappears and the body fluid head distributes, causing a series of adaptable changes in the body's physiological systems, for the cardiovascular system, the skeletal system of the muscle, the vestibule nervous system, the blood system, the immune system and so on. There is a bad effect, which seriously affects the astronaut's ability to work in space and the completion of the flight task. It is manifested in the decline of the standing position after returning to the ground, the decline of the movement ability and so on. It is necessary to carry out the study of the medium and long term weightlessness Countermeasures in order to ensure the health, safety and efficiency of the astronauts.
The cardiovascular dysfunction after microgravity exposure is related to the following factors: (1) the head fluid head transfer and the relative insufficiency of the blood volume caused by polyuria; (2) the impairment of the heart function; (3) the reactivity of the resistance vessels to sympathetic stimulation; (4) the change of the pressure reflex function. The current countermeasures mainly include exercise, Penguin clothes, lower body negative pressure, water salt. Supplementation, anti load clothing, nutrition, drugs, muscle electrical stimulation, and pre flight adaptive training, but these measures are not enough to counter the adverse effects of the space environment on the human body. The astronauts still show a decline in standing tolerance and progressive bone loss. The comprehensive countermeasures against multiple physiological systems may solve the problem fundamentally and have a good application prospect.
Previous studies have shown that aerobic exercise helps to maintain the plasma volume and exercise capacity of ground simulated weightless subjects. Artificial gravity exercise helps to improve the standing endurance of the subjects. The short arm centrifuge exercises can combine aerobic exercise with artificial gravity exercise, but the effects of various factors on the maintenance of orthostatic endurance are We have improved the design of the SAC- type II short arm centrifuge, using the electric drive mode, and by adjusting the resistance moment to quantify the human motion load, it is helpful to study the antagonism of two factors, the artificial gravity and the motion load, respectively.
In this study, SAC- II short arm centrifuge was used to observe the heart rate and respiratory response of the human body at different levels of +Gz exposure and exercise load at different levels of the short arm centrifuge. At the same time, a certain scheme was chosen to observe the effects of intermittent artificial gravity combined exercise on the function of the human heart and the function of the autonomic divine regulation, aiming at the next step of the ground model. Weightlessness and even manned spaceflight provide the basis for selecting the appropriate artificial gravity countermeasures.
The results of this study are as follows:
1. the change of heart rate and respiration during +Gz exposure combined with exercise load in short arm centrifuge, SAC- II short arm centrifuge was used to observe the human heart rate of different program centrifuges with +Gz exposure combined with exercise load, and the changes of respiration in.10 healthy young men were interrupted by different G values (1G, 2G, 3G) and exposed to different loads at the same time. (0W, 30W, 60W) exercise. Continuous monitoring of heart rate and respiration during exposure. Results showed that heart rate of pure +Gz was significantly increased (P0.05); +2Gz and +3Gz exposure combined 30W, 60W load exercise was significantly increased (P0.05) compared with simple +Gz exposure (P0.05); +Gz exposure was compared with simple +Gz exposure The heart rate and respiration increased significantly (P0.01) during the exercise load (30W), and increased with the combined 60W exercise (P0.01), and increased with the increase of G value. The results suggested that the heart rate and respiration of +Gz exposure combined with exercise load were more than those of pure +Gz exposure.
2. three weeks of intermittent short arm centrifuge combined exercise exercise on human heart function in this experiment, the experiment used the short arm centrifuge to carry out the gradient G value combined exercise load exercise, and observed the heart contraction of the human body after 3 weeks of intermittent artificial gravity exercise and the change of pump blood function,.8 healthy young male sex discontinuous performed gradient G value (1G-2G) centrifuge combined with 3 0W exercise load exercise was 30min daily for 3 weeks. The systolic function and blood pump function of the heart before and after exercise were measured by electrocardiography and impedance method. The results showed that the left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and ejection fraction (EF) were significantly increased (P0.05), heart rate (HR), and the ratio of PEP to LVET (PEP/LVET) after 2 weeks of exercise (PEP). After 3 weeks of exercise (P0.05), LVET and EF were further increased (P0.01), HR and PEP/LVET were further decreased (P0.05), while PEP decreased significantly, and the stroke volume and total peripheral resistance increased significantly (P0.05). The results suggested that the cardiac contractility and pump function could be significantly enhanced by the combined exercise load exercise of the centrifuge at 3 weeks.
The effect of 3. intermittent short arm centrifuges combined exercise exercise on cardiovascular autonomic nervous regulation in this experiment, a gradient G value combined exercise load exercise was performed with a short arm centrifuge, and the changes of autonomic nervous regulation in the human body were observed after 3 weeks of intermittent artificial gravity exercise, and the gradient G value of.8 healthy young men was interrupted intermittently (1G-2G ) the centrifuge combined with 30W exercise, 30min per day for 3 weeks. Recording electrocardiogram and continuous blood pressure by hop by hop, using autoregressive spectral analysis to get the heart rate variability (HRV) and systolic pressure variability (SBPV) power spectrum. The head position tilt combined with lower body negative pressure test before and after exercise, and observe the changes of cardiovascular function during the position stress. The ratio of low frequency to high frequency of HRV was significantly lower than that before exercise (P0.05), and the low frequency power of SBPV was significantly increased (P0.05). The heart rate of the subjects after exercise was significantly lower than that before exercise (P0.05), and the total peripheral resistance increased significantly (P0.05), and the total peripheral resistance increased significantly (P0.05), and the total peripheral resistance increased significantly (P0.05). The results suggest that the 3 weeks of 30W exercise combined with centrifuge can increase the level of sympathetic activity of the vagus nerve and peripheral vessels in the supine position, enhance the ability to regulate blood pressure and improve the reserve of cardiovascular function.
In conclusion, this study observed the effect of the short arm centrifuge exercise on the cardiovascular function of the human body. It was found that the changes of heart rate and respiration in +Gz exposure combined with exercise load were greater than that of simple +Gz exposure, and the intermittent gradient G value (1G-2G) combined with 30W exercise exercise could increase the cardiac contractile and pump function of the strong human body for 3 weeks, and increase the cardiac vagus in the supine position. The level of the sympathetic activity of the nerve and peripheral vessels enhances the regulating ability of the blood pressure and the reserve of cardiovascular function. This work is of certain significance to the choice of the appropriate artificial gravity countermeasures for the next ground simulated weightlessness and even the manned space flight.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：R85

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