本文選題：作戰(zhàn)人員　切入點：戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場急救　出處：《第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭條件下,隨著武器威力的改進、救治水平的提高和單兵防具的加強等多種因素的相互角力,戰(zhàn)傷總體死亡率呈現(xiàn)一定的下降趨勢,但仍有進一步優(yōu)化減少的空間。戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場陣亡作為戰(zhàn)斗傷亡最主要的組成部分,約占戰(zhàn)傷總體死亡率的90%,是戰(zhàn)傷救治的核心;陣亡人員組成中仍有15%~25%的傷員可通過在戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場進行及時有效的救治挽回生命,被稱為“潛在存活者”,主要致死原因為大出血、氣道堵塞和氣胸。而作戰(zhàn)人員(特指沒有醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)背景的戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場參戰(zhàn)人員)往往是戰(zhàn)傷傷員的第一發(fā)現(xiàn)者,他們掌握一定的戰(zhàn)傷急救技能并在戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場進行施救,可進一步提升戰(zhàn)傷救治的成功率。本研究根據(jù)現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭中戰(zhàn)傷流行病學(xué)特點,分析作戰(zhàn)人員戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場戰(zhàn)傷急救的需求情況,并結(jié)合外軍針對作戰(zhàn)人員戰(zhàn)傷救治技術(shù)培訓(xùn)的最新進展,及我軍自身發(fā)展情況,研發(fā)作戰(zhàn)人員戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場戰(zhàn)傷急救培訓(xùn)模具,建立作戰(zhàn)人員戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場戰(zhàn)傷急救培訓(xùn)標(biāo)準和技術(shù)方法。主要從以下兩個部分進行闡述:第一部分,以現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭中戰(zhàn)傷流行病學(xué)特點為出發(fā)點,分析戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場階段戰(zhàn)傷急救的需求,以潛在可存活者為救治重點,并制定我軍作戰(zhàn)人員戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場急救技術(shù)清單如下:1.著重強調(diào)戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場對“大出血、氣道堵塞和氣胸”等三項傷情的急救處置;2.戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場判斷休克的方法;3.預(yù)防低體溫;4.使用硬質(zhì)眼罩保護眼睛;5.使用口服抗生素和止痛藥;6.使用夾板固定長骨骨折;7.燒傷創(chuàng)面的包扎;8.傷員搬運技術(shù);9.組織后送和戰(zhàn)斗應(yīng)激預(yù)防(指揮員)。第二部分,根據(jù)當(dāng)前戰(zhàn)救培訓(xùn)的研究進展,結(jié)合我軍作戰(zhàn)人員戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場戰(zhàn)傷急救培訓(xùn)現(xiàn)狀,編寫培訓(xùn)教材以明確培訓(xùn)標(biāo)準——《作戰(zhàn)人員戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場急救培訓(xùn)教學(xué)實施和考核標(biāo)準》,并研發(fā)相配套的可穿戴式戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)場戰(zhàn)傷急救訓(xùn)練系列模具,且在解放軍陸軍軍官學(xué)院進行試點工作。
[Abstract]:Under the conditions of modern war, with the improvement of weapon power, the improvement of the level of treatment and the mutual struggle of various factors, such as the strengthening of individual armor, the overall mortality rate of war injuries has shown a certain downward trend. However, there is still room for further optimization and reduction. As the most important component of combat casualties, the war site killed in action accounts for about 90 percent of the total death rate of war wounds, which is the core of the treatment of war wounds. Among the dead, 15% or 25% of the wounded can save their lives through timely and effective treatment at the scene of the war. They are called "potential survivors." the main cause of death is massive bleeding. Airway blockage and pneumothorax. Combat personnel (especially those who have no background in medical studies) are often the first discoverers of the wounded. They have certain skills of first aid and perform rescue at the scene of the war. According to the epidemiological characteristics of war injury in modern war, the requirement of first aid for combat personnel in battle field is analyzed. In combination with the latest progress in the training of combat wound treatment techniques for combat personnel in foreign troops, and the development of our army itself, we have developed training tools for the first aid of war wounds on the battlefield for combat personnel. To establish the training standard and technical method of combat personnel first aid in war field. The following two parts are discussed: the first part, based on the epidemiological characteristics of war wound in modern war, the requirement of first aid in war field is analyzed. Focus on the treatment of potential survivors, and draw up a list of emergency rescue techniques for our army's combatants on the battlefield as follows: 1.The emphasis is on the "massive bleeding" caused by the war scene. Emergency treatment of airway obstruction and pneumothorax 2. The method of judging shock in the field 3. Prevention of hypothermia 4. Using hard eye mask to protect eyes. 5. Using oral antibiotics and painkiller 6. Fixing long bone fracture with splint. Wound dressing of Burn wounds. Wound handling techniques. Tissue evacuation and Combat stress Prevention (Commander). Part II, According to the research progress of the current war rescue training, combined with the current situation of the first aid training for our army's combat personnel on the battlefield, To compile training materials to make clear the training standard-"training standards for first aid training of combat personnel on site", and to develop wearable first aid training models for war field combat injuries. And in the PLA Army officers Academy pilot work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R82

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