本文選題：失重模擬　切入點(diǎn)：耳蝸　出處：《北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)》2017年03期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：目的:觀察模擬載人飛船中微重力和噪聲環(huán)境下大鼠耳蝸毛細(xì)胞的形態(tài)學(xué)特點(diǎn),探討耳蝸三回(底回、中回和頂回)毛細(xì)胞的不同變化。方法:選取32只雄性健康SD大鼠,隨機(jī)分為空白組、失重組、噪聲組和失重+噪聲組4組,每組8只。失重組以持續(xù)尾吊法模擬微重力,噪聲組以持續(xù)2周的(72±2)d B SPL的穩(wěn)態(tài)噪聲及之后的3次高達(dá)160 d B SPL的脈沖噪聲模擬飛船內(nèi)復(fù)合噪聲環(huán)境,失重+噪聲組同時(shí)給予模擬微重力和噪聲環(huán)境,空白組不做任何處理,常規(guī)飼養(yǎng)2周。暴露后檢測(cè)聽性腦干反應(yīng)(auditory brainstem response,ABR)閾值,處死大鼠即刻取耳蝸基底膜行免疫熒光及掃描電子顯微鏡(scanning electron microscope,SEM)觀察。結(jié)果:給予模擬環(huán)境暴露后,各組大鼠ABR閾值升高,各實(shí)驗(yàn)組大鼠暴露前后ABR閾值差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。免疫熒光結(jié)果顯示:失重組底回以內(nèi)毛細(xì)胞缺失為主,中回可見毛細(xì)胞腫脹,頂回毛細(xì)胞雜亂不清。噪聲組底回以外毛細(xì)胞缺失為主,多見于最外層毛細(xì)胞,中回毛細(xì)胞腫脹,頂回雜亂并有毛細(xì)胞的缺失。失重+噪聲組底回核缺失較明顯,主要存在最外層毛細(xì)胞,內(nèi)毛細(xì)胞也存在較多缺失。中回和頂回缺失發(fā)生在最內(nèi)層外毛細(xì)胞。電子顯微鏡觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)失重組底回纖毛大片倒伏,偶有缺失,頂回和中回毛細(xì)胞纖毛無明顯異常。噪聲組底回纖毛大片倒伏伴缺失,頂回和中回均有缺失,其中頂回最為嚴(yán)重。失重+噪聲組底回纖毛大片融合伴缺失,中回纖毛融合、倒伏并缺失,頂回內(nèi)外毛細(xì)胞纖毛大量缺失。4組的損傷程度:失重+噪聲組噪聲組失重組空白組;三回毛細(xì)胞損傷程度:底回中回頂回。結(jié)論:模擬載人飛船內(nèi)微重力和噪聲環(huán)境中暴露2周可致大鼠耳蝸形態(tài)學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生顯著變化,尤以失重+噪聲組變化最明顯,三回毛細(xì)胞中以底回最重,頂回最輕。
[Abstract]:Objective: to observe the morphological characteristics of cochlear hair cells in simulated manned spaceship under microgravity and noise, and to explore the different changes of hair cells in the third gyrus of cochlea (bottom gyrus, middle gyrus and parietal gyrus). Methods: 32 male healthy SD rats were selected. They were randomly divided into four groups: blank group, lost recombination group, noise group and weightlessness noise group, with 8 rats in each group. The noise group was simulated with the steady state noise of 72 鹵2kb SPL for 2 weeks and the pulse noise up to 160dB SPL three times thereafter. The weightless noise group was given the simulated microgravity and noise environment at the same time, and the blank group did not do any processing. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold was detected after exposure, and the cochlear basement membrane was immediately taken from the rats for immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: after exposure to simulated environment, the rats were exposed to simulated environment. The ABR threshold of each group was increased, and the difference of ABR threshold was statistically significant before and after exposure in each experimental group (P 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence showed that the loss of hair cells was mainly within the basal gyrus and the swelling of hair cells was observed in the middle gyrus. The loss of outer hair cells in the noise group was mainly seen in the outermost hair cells, the hair cells in the middle gyrus were swollen, the hair cells in the middle gyrus were swollen, and the hair cells were lost in the hair cells of the parietal gyrus. The loss of the nucleus of the bottom gyrus in the noise group was more obvious than that in the noise group. There are mainly outer layers of hair cells, and there are many deletions in inner hair cells. The deletions of middle gyrus and parietal gyrus occur in the inner outer layer of hair cells. There was no obvious abnormality in the cilia of the parietal gyrus and the middle gyrus. In the noise group, there was a loss of large area of the cilium in the bottom gyrus, and the absence of both the parietal gyrus and the middle gyrus, among which the most serious was in the parietal gyrus. The degree of damage in the group of mass loss of ciliated hair cells inside and outside the parietal gyrus: the noise group of weightlessness noise group lost the regrouping blank group; Conclusion: exposure to simulated microgravity and noise for 2 weeks can cause significant changes in cochlea morphology in rats, especially in weightlessness noise group. Of the three hair cells, the bottom gyrus is the heaviest and the terminal gyrus the lightest.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民解放軍306醫(yī)院耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科;
【基金】：全軍“十二五”重大課題(AWS11J003)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：R85
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本文編號(hào)：1575123