【摘要】：目的：從腎功能、腎組織病理方面觀察大鼠腎臟接受照射后的改變,探討不同劑量電子線單次照射大鼠腎臟產(chǎn)生的放射生物學(xué)效應(yīng),為腹部放療的臨床應(yīng)用提供基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)。 方法：120只雄性Sprague-Dawley (SD)大鼠隨機(jī)分為健康對(duì)照組、8Gy照射組、10Gy照射組、12Gy照射組及15Gy照射組,每組24只。用10%水合氯醛(0.3m1/100g)注射大鼠腹腔麻醉,將其俯臥于大鼠特制照射模具上,將大鼠四肢拉伸固定。,置于模擬機(jī)下定位以確定照射范圍,探及兩側(cè)腎臟具體位置,于體表標(biāo)記照射野,限光筒限定照射野大小為2.5cm×2.5cm的方野。將定位好的大鼠置于Siemens Primus M直線加速器下,采用5MeV的電子線照射雙側(cè)腎臟,照射劑量分別為8Gy、10Gy、12Gy、15Gy。劑量率為300cGy/min,源皮距(Sourse skin distance,SSD)為100cm。對(duì)照組麻醉后佯裝照射。 測(cè)定大鼠放射結(jié)束后第1、3、6、9月的腎臟系數(shù)(kidney coefficient)、收縮壓(SBP)、血漿胱抑素C (CysC)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)、尿蛋白/尿肌酐(UP/UC)的變化。HE染色觀察大鼠腎臟的病理形態(tài)學(xué)改變。 結(jié)果：與健康對(duì)照組相比,8Gy及以上照射組的腎臟系數(shù)照射后9個(gè)月均顯著變小(P0.01)；15Gy照射組SBP于照射后9個(gè)月顯著升高(P0.01)；Scr、BUN：12Gy及以上照射組于6個(gè)月起顯著增高(P0.01),8Gy、10Gy組于9個(gè)月顯著增高(P0.01)。UP/UC:15Gy組于照射后3月起開(kāi)始顯著升高(P0.01)；8Gy、10Gy、12Gy組于6個(gè)月起開(kāi)始顯著升高(P0.01)。CysC:10Gy及以上組照射后6個(gè)月起顯著升高(P0.01),8Gy組于9個(gè)月顯著升高(P0.01)。于9個(gè)月時(shí)各照射組均可觀察到不同程度腎臟體積縮小,皮質(zhì)比例減小。腎臟組織病理學(xué)顯示：光鏡下觀察可見(jiàn),空白對(duì)照組腎臟結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,皮質(zhì)、髓質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)正常,腎小球、腎小管及間質(zhì)均無(wú)異常改變。各照射組均觀察到不同程度腎臟體積縮小,皮質(zhì)比例減小,系膜細(xì)胞溶解,后期呈現(xiàn)硬化趨勢(shì)。其中15Gy組硬化趨勢(shì)最為明顯。系膜基質(zhì)與上皮細(xì)胞粘連,腎小球毛細(xì)血管袢增厚,血管腔擴(kuò)大,腎小管上皮細(xì)胞間隙增大,部分上皮細(xì)胞腫脹、溶解、壞死。細(xì)胞基膜明顯增厚。8Gy組9月病理變化較輕微,以系膜增生為主。15Gy組(3月開(kāi)始)、12Gy組(6月開(kāi)始)可觀察到腎小管間質(zhì)纖維化改變,但基本無(wú)炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)。9月時(shí)各照射組均可觀察到不同程度的血栓形成,隨劑量升高程度遞增。 結(jié)論：大鼠雙腎接受單次不同劑量電子線體外照射可引起不同程度腎臟形態(tài)及功能損傷,且損傷程度與損傷出現(xiàn)時(shí)間與照射劑量相關(guān),即一定范圍內(nèi)(8Gy-15Gy)照射劑量越小所造成的腎臟損傷程度越輕,出現(xiàn)時(shí)間越晚。
[Abstract]:Aim: to observe the changes of kidney after irradiation in rats from the aspects of renal function and renal histology, and to explore the radiobiological effects of single irradiation with different doses of electron rays, so as to provide basic parameters for the clinical application of abdominal radiotherapy. Methods: 120 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into healthy control group, 8Gy irradiation group, 10Gy irradiation group, 12Gy irradiation group and 15Gy irradiation group with 24 rats in each group. The rats were anesthetized intraabdominal with 10% chloral hydrate (0.3m1/100g). The rats were prone to lie on the special irradiation mould of the rats, and the limbs of the rats were stretched and fixed. The rats were positioned under the simulator to determine the irradiation range, and to explore the specific position of the kidneys on both sides. The irradiation field was marked on the body surface, and the size of the irradiation field was limited to the square field of 2.5cm 脳 2.5cm. The localized rats were exposed to Siemens Primus M linear accelerator. The bilateral kidneys were irradiated with 5MeV electron lines at doses of 8, 10 and 12, respectively. The dose rate was 300 cGY / min and the distance between source skin and (Sourse skin distance,SSD was 100 cm. The control group pretended irradiation after anesthesia. Renal coefficient (kidney coefficient), systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma cystine C (CysC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatine (Scr), were measured at the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 9th month after radiation in rats. The changes of urinary protein / urinary creatinine (UP/UC). The pathomorphological changes of kidney in rats were observed by HE staining. Results: compared with the healthy control group, the renal coefficient of 8Gy and above groups decreased significantly at 9 months after irradiation (P 0.01), and the SBP of 15Gy irradiation group increased significantly at 9 months after irradiation (P 0.01). The levels of Scr,BUN:12Gy and above in the irradiation group increased significantly from 6 months (P 0.01), and those in the 10 GY group increased significantly at 9 months (P 0.01). The levels in the UP/UC:15Gy group began to increase significantly from 3 months after irradiation (P 0.01). The levels of CysC: 10Gy and above increased significantly from 6 months after irradiation (P 0.01), and those in 8Gy group increased significantly at 9 months after irradiation (P 0.01). At 9 months, the volume of kidney decreased and the proportion of cortex decreased in all irradiation groups. Renal histology showed that under light microscope, the renal structure of the blank control group was clear, the cortex and medulla structure were normal, and there were no abnormal changes in glomeruli, tubules and stroma. In each irradiation group, the volume of kidney decreased, the proportion of cortex decreased, the Mesangial cells dissolved, and showed a trend of sclerosis in the later stage. Among them, the hardening trend was the most obvious in 15Gy group. Mesangial matrix adheres to epithelial cells, thickening of glomerular capillary loop, enlargement of vascular cavity, enlargement of renal tubular epithelial cell space, swelling, dissolution and necrosis of some epithelial cells. The pathological changes of the cell basement membrane were mild in the 8GY group in September, mainly Mesangial hyperplasia. The renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis was observed in the 15GY group (from 3 months) and the 12Gy group (from 6 months). However, there was no inflammatory cell infiltration. Thrombus formation was observed in all irradiation groups at 9 months, and increased with the increase of dose. Conclusion: single different doses of electron beam irradiation can cause different degrees of renal morphological and functional damage in rats, and the degree of injury is related to the time of injury and the dose of irradiation. That is to say, the smaller the dose of 8Gy-15Gy, the lighter the degree of renal injury and the later the occurrence time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R730.55

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