【摘要】：離心力量是力量素質(zhì)的重要一環(huán),發(fā)展肌肉離心力量能夠有效增加下肢穩(wěn)定性,降低損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。離心力量訓(xùn)練已經(jīng)成為力量訓(xùn)練和康復(fù)訓(xùn)練中的重要方法之一。就目前研究來看,向心結(jié)合離心訓(xùn)練對肌肉快速力量的影響和向心結(jié)合離心訓(xùn)練與速度因素之間關(guān)系的相關(guān)研究較為少見。本文試圖利用表面肌電這一手段從肌肉離心收縮的生理學(xué)角度來闡述說明向心結(jié)合不同速度離心力量訓(xùn)練對肌纖維動(dòng)員的影響以及神經(jīng)肌肉調(diào)控的變化,為向心結(jié)合離心訓(xùn)練的應(yīng)用提供理論支持。 隨機(jī)將30名北京體育大學(xué)足球?qū)ｍ?xiàng)男生分為向心結(jié)合快速離心力量訓(xùn)練組(F組)、向心結(jié)合慢速離心力量訓(xùn)練組(S組)和空白對照組(C組),F組和S組利用Miha力量訓(xùn)練儀進(jìn)行膝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸肌群的離心力量訓(xùn)練。F組和S組受試者在向心收縮到達(dá)關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)范圍末端后分別進(jìn)行1s和3s的離心收縮,每組重復(fù)7次,每次訓(xùn)練進(jìn)行5組,組間間歇3分鐘。每周訓(xùn)練3次,持續(xù)6周。C組不進(jìn)行任何力量訓(xùn)練。分別在訓(xùn)練前、訓(xùn)練2周后和訓(xùn)練結(jié)束后利用Megawin6000T16測試儀采集F組、S組以及C組受試者伸膝肌群和屈膝肌群在進(jìn)行向心結(jié)合快、慢速離心收縮過程中的表面肌電信號(hào)。肌電處理后進(jìn)行比較分析。 研究結(jié)果：1、向心結(jié)合快速離心力量訓(xùn)練6周后,股二頭肌離心力量訓(xùn)練時(shí),股直肌RMS顯著下降。2、向心結(jié)合慢速離心力量訓(xùn)練6周后,股四頭肌和股二頭肌的肌電特征均未發(fā)生顯著變化。3、6周訓(xùn)練后,股四頭肌離心力量訓(xùn)練時(shí)股外肌、股直肌、股內(nèi)肌的RMS呈現(xiàn)慢速組非常顯著低于快速組。股二頭肌離心力量訓(xùn)練時(shí)股直肌的動(dòng)員率和MPF慢速組顯著低于快速組；股內(nèi)肌的RMS慢速組顯著低于快速組；股二頭肌的RMS和MPF慢速組顯著低于快速組。 研究結(jié)論：1、向心結(jié)合快速離心力量和慢速力量訓(xùn)練前后,股四頭肌和股二頭肌參與離心收縮的肌纖維數(shù)量逐漸下降,動(dòng)員的肌纖維類型無顯著變化；2、向心結(jié)合快速離心力量訓(xùn)練過程中參與離心收縮的肌纖維數(shù)量顯著高于向心結(jié)合慢速離心力量訓(xùn)練,神經(jīng)肌肉協(xié)調(diào)工作能力顯著優(yōu)于向心結(jié)合慢速離心力量訓(xùn)練,做功量小于向心結(jié)合慢速離心力量訓(xùn)練。在訓(xùn)練實(shí)踐中向心結(jié)合快速離心力量訓(xùn)練是較好的選擇。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal strength is an important part of strength quality. The development of muscle centrifugal strength can effectively increase the stability of lower limbs and reduce the risk of injury. Centrifugal strength training has become one of the important methods in strength training and rehabilitation training. As far as current research is concerned, the influence of concentric combined centrifugal training on muscle fast strength and the relationship between centripetal and centrifugal training and speed factors are rare. In this paper, surface electromyography is used to explain the effects of centripetal and centrifugal strength training on muscle fiber mobilization and the changes of neuromuscular regulation from the physiological point of view of muscle centrifugal contraction. It provides theoretical support for the application of centripetal training combined with centrifugal training. Thirty soccer special male students of Beijing physical Education University were randomly divided into three groups: group F, group S, and group C, respectively. Group F and group S underwent eccentric strength training of flexion and extensor muscles of the knee joint by Miha strength training instrument. The subjects of group F and group S underwent centrifugal contraction for 1 s and 3 s respectively after the concentric contraction reached the end of the range of motion of the joint, which were repeated 7 times in each group. Five groups were trained each time, the interval between groups was 3 minutes. Exercise 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Group C did not perform any strength training. Before training, 2 weeks after training and 2 weeks after training, the surface EMG signals of group F, group S and group C were collected by means of Megawin6000T16 tester. After electromyoelectric treatment, comparative analysis was carried out. The results were as follows: 1. After 6 weeks of concentric and rapid centrifugal strength training, the RMS of rectus femoris decreased significantly after 6 weeks of eccentric strength training, and after 6 weeks of concentric combined with slow centrifugal strength training, the RMS of rectus femoris decreased significantly. The electromyography of quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris did not change significantly. After 6 weeks of training, the RMS of the lateral, rectus and medial muscles of the quadriceps femoris was significantly lower in the slow group than in the fast group. The mobilization rate of rectus femoris and MPF slow group were significantly lower than those of fast group, RMS slow group was lower than fast group, RMS and MPF slow group of biceps femoris were significantly lower than that of fast group in eccentric strength training of biceps femoris. Conclusions: 1. Before and after the training of concentric and rapid centrifugal strength and slow strength, the number of myofibers of quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris participating in centrifugal contraction decreased gradually, but the types of muscle fibers mobilized did not change significantly; (2) the number of muscle fibers involved in centrifugal contraction was significantly higher than that in concentric combined with slow centrifugal strength training, and the ability of neuromuscular coordination was significantly better than that of centripetal and slow centrifugal strength training. The amount of work done is less than that of centripetal combined with slow centrifugal strength training. In training practice, it is a better choice to combine centripetal training with fast centrifugal strength training.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R455

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