【摘要】：近年來,X射線光柵相位襯度成像成為當(dāng)前X射線成像學(xué)界的研究熱點,因其與傳統(tǒng)X光源的高度兼容性而被認(rèn)為是未來臨床醫(yī)學(xué)無損診斷的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。與現(xiàn)有的X射線吸收襯度成像技術(shù)相比,相位襯度成像技術(shù)在對軟組織等輕元素樣品成像時具有不可替代的分辨能力,能夠同時獲得動物和人體的骨骼、器官等硬組織和軟組織的高襯度、大視場、免造影的三維結(jié)構(gòu)成像。該技術(shù)在一次成像過程中,可以通過信息分離算法獲得吸收襯度圖像、相位襯度圖像和散射襯度圖像,三者各有特色,又相互補(bǔ)充,獲取的信息量遠(yuǎn)超過傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)用X射線CT裝置,因此在癌癥早期防治、免造影診斷、動物無損研究等方面具有重要的科研價值和潛在的應(yīng)用前景。本論文利用中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)國家同步輻射實驗室的一個基于幾何投影的X射線光柵相位襯度成像實驗平臺,開展小動物的無損成像研究�；谠撈脚_,本論文主要開展了以下兩方面的工作:1.基于X射線光柵相位襯度的小鼠肺部無損成像研究肺癌是臨床死亡率最高的惡性腫瘤之一,尋找更為有效的早期診斷手段成為治療肺癌等惡性腫瘤的迫切要求。我們利用基于幾何投影的X射線相位襯度成像技術(shù),對植有黑色素瘤的小鼠肺部進(jìn)行無損成像研究,在X射線相位襯度成像應(yīng)用于肺癌早期診斷方面進(jìn)行了有益的嘗試。實驗結(jié)果顯示:在植有黑色素瘤癌變的小鼠肺部樣品的相位襯度圖像中,不但觀察到了表面凸起的黑色素瘤,而且還展示了其內(nèi)部癌變組織的豐富細(xì)節(jié),并且其襯噪比高于正常肺部。上述研究證明了利用光柵相位襯度成像實現(xiàn)肺癌早期檢測的可能性,在肺癌早期診斷方面具有成像快、清晰等獨特優(yōu)勢。2.基于X射線光柵相位襯度的鯽魚無損成像研究探究常用魚類的結(jié)構(gòu)對于確保食品安全和人體健康具有非常重要的意義。我們基于幾何投影的X射線光柵相位襯度成像技術(shù),無損研究活體鯽魚的魚體結(jié)構(gòu),利用福爾馬林溶液處理樣品,發(fā)現(xiàn)成像結(jié)果清楚地顯示出魚腸軟組織的結(jié)構(gòu)。這是第一次利用常規(guī)X射線光源的光柵相位襯度成像技術(shù)觀察到魚腸軟組織。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)福爾馬林溶液處理鯽魚樣品的吸收襯度圖像、相位襯度圖像和散射襯度圖像的襯噪比均優(yōu)于新鮮鯽魚樣品,表明這種樣品處理方法可以作為X射線光柵相位襯度成像無損檢測實驗樣品處理方法的重要參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, X-ray grating phase contrast imaging has become a hot spot in the field of X-ray imaging. Because of its high compatibility with the traditional X-ray light source, it is considered to be the key technology of nondestructive diagnosis in clinical medicine in the future. Compared with the existing X-ray absorption-contrast imaging technology, the phase contrast imaging technique has irreplaceable resolution in imaging light element samples, such as soft tissue, and can obtain both animal and human bones. High contrast, large field of view, and non-contrast three-dimensional structure imaging of hard tissue and soft tissue such as organs. In the first imaging process, the absorption contrast image, the phase contrast image and the scattering contrast image can be obtained by the information separation algorithm. The three images have their own characteristics and complement each other. The amount of information obtained is much higher than that of the traditional medical X-ray CT device, so it has important scientific research value and potential application prospect in early cancer prevention and treatment, non-angiographic diagnosis, animal nondestructive research and so on. In this paper, the experimental platform of X-ray grating phase contrast imaging based on geometric projection is used in the National Synchrotron radiation Laboratory of the University of Science and Technology of China to study the nondestructive imaging of small animals. Based on the platform, this paper mainly carried out the following two aspects of work: 1. Non-destructive imaging of lung in mice based on phase contrast X-ray grating is one of the most fatal malignant tumors in clinic. It is an urgent requirement to find more effective early diagnostic methods for lung cancer and other malignant tumors. We have studied the nondestructive imaging of the lungs of mice implanted with melanoma by using the technique of phase contrast X-ray imaging based on geometric projection. We have made a useful attempt in the application of phase contrast imaging in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. The results showed that in the phase contrast images of lung samples of mice with melanoma carcinogenesis, not only the protruding melanoma on the surface was observed, but also the rich details of the cancerous tissue inside the tumor were shown. The ratio of contrast to noise is higher than that of normal lung. These studies prove the possibility of using grating phase contrast imaging to realize early detection of lung cancer, which has the unique advantages of fast imaging and clarity in early diagnosis of lung cancer. 2. Non-destructive Imaging of Carassius auratus based on X-ray grating Phase contrast it is very important to explore the structure of common fish for ensuring food safety and human health. Based on the geometric projection of X-ray grating phase contrast imaging technique, we studied the fish structure of live crucian carp without damage. The samples were treated with formalin solution, and the structure of the soft tissue of fish intestines was clearly shown by the imaging results. This is the first time to observe the soft tissue of fish intestines using raster phase contrast imaging with conventional X-ray sources. We also find that the contrast ratio of the phase contrast image and the scattering contrast image is better than that of the fresh crucian carp sample treated with formalin solution. It is shown that this method can be used as an important reference for the experimental sample processing of X-ray grating phase contrast imaging nondestructive testing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R814;O434.19

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