【摘要】：傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備是傳染病預(yù)防控制的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和重要條件,是傳染病預(yù)防控制體系的重要組成部分,是疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)技術(shù)水平和現(xiàn)場處置能力的直接反映。目前,我國傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備體系不完善,裝備零散分散,模塊化程度不高,裝備配置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一,且缺乏科學(xué)的保障能力評估方法和模擬仿真手段,致使傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備在研制、配發(fā)、運(yùn)用、評價(jià)等方面存在諸多不足,制約著我國傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備的發(fā)展。為此,本課題通過對傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備的模塊化設(shè)計(jì)與編配,以實(shí)現(xiàn)傳染病防控裝備保障流程、保障環(huán)節(jié)及裝備運(yùn)用方式的規(guī)范化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;在模塊化裝備編配的基礎(chǔ)上,通過開展裝備保障能力評估和模擬仿真,以實(shí)現(xiàn)特定傳染病疫情背景下的傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備仿真運(yùn)行和保障能力評價(jià),形成適用于不同層面疾控機(jī)構(gòu)需求的現(xiàn)場防控裝備優(yōu)化編配、保障能力評估的模擬仿真平臺(tái),從而達(dá)到優(yōu)化對傳染病現(xiàn)場防控工作任務(wù)規(guī)劃并輔助疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行決策的目標(biāo)。主要研究內(nèi)容及方法:1、傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備模塊化設(shè)計(jì)和研究應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)論原理,對傳染病現(xiàn)場防控任務(wù)需求進(jìn)行分析與分解,根據(jù)各裝備的功能需求,建立傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備系統(tǒng)的各級子系統(tǒng)與基本模塊,應(yīng)用模塊聚類算法對相關(guān)模塊裝備進(jìn)行細(xì)分,從而建立傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備模塊化體系;采用聚類分析方法對模塊化體系結(jié)論進(jìn)行理論驗(yàn)證,從數(shù)學(xué)角度在一定程度上實(shí)現(xiàn)裝備的模塊分解與劃分;從系統(tǒng)論角度分析傳染病現(xiàn)場防控工作的任務(wù)需求,根據(jù)傳染病傳播的基本特征及傳染病防控工作的基本流程進(jìn)一步明確傳染病現(xiàn)場防控工作中的裝備需求,再通過裝備的模塊化組合,實(shí)現(xiàn)傳染病防控裝備的模塊化配置;針對不同傳染病背景和疾控機(jī)構(gòu)的職能范圍和保障力量,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)場調(diào)研與函調(diào)等方法確定傳染病防控裝備的種類與數(shù)量需求,進(jìn)而建立適應(yīng)不同任務(wù)需求的傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備配置方案,實(shí)現(xiàn)對模塊化設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)論的應(yīng)用驗(yàn)證。2、傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備保障能力評估研究根據(jù)傳染病現(xiàn)場防控任務(wù)需求,應(yīng)用綜合評價(jià)方法,針對傳染病現(xiàn)場防控任務(wù)的任務(wù)完成度和任務(wù)保障效能,對傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備進(jìn)行評估。評估中選用了綜合評價(jià)方法包括線性加權(quán)綜合法、德爾菲專家調(diào)查法、層次分析法及模糊綜合評價(jià)法等評估方法。通過測試數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證可知,我國部分疾控機(jī)構(gòu)在傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備的配置上還十分薄弱,應(yīng)對疫情等級為較大以上傳染病防控能力亟待加強(qiáng),在傳染病防控裝備功能和數(shù)量的配置上還有待完善;在裝備保障效能方面,當(dāng)前我國部分在研傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備具備了較好的保障性能。在以上評估理論基礎(chǔ)上,通過開發(fā)傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備保障能力評估軟件平臺(tái),實(shí)現(xiàn)裝備評估的智能化、數(shù)字化,從而有效簡化評估形式,以期實(shí)現(xiàn)裝備評估平臺(tái)的推廣應(yīng)用,并為傳染病現(xiàn)場防控工作的指揮決策及各級疾控機(jī)構(gòu)的裝備配置、選型以及采購等提供重要參考依據(jù)和輔助決策。3、傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備仿真系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā)應(yīng)用傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備模塊化研究與保障能力評估的研究成果,對傳染病現(xiàn)場防控過程及裝備運(yùn)用流程進(jìn)行模擬仿真。以模擬仿真理論為基礎(chǔ),討論傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備模擬仿真系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、建模及運(yùn)行方式,并以地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)為基礎(chǔ)平臺(tái),以計(jì)算機(jī)編程技術(shù)為技術(shù)手段,開發(fā)傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備模擬仿真軟件平臺(tái)。該平臺(tái)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)典型傳染病現(xiàn)場處置背景環(huán)境生成,相關(guān)疾控機(jī)構(gòu)、防控裝備及傳染病基本信息查詢,典型傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備展示,傳染病應(yīng)急處置力量裝備配置方案生成,傳染病現(xiàn)場防控流程模擬與裝備運(yùn)行仿真等功能,為進(jìn)一步形成由裝備配置模型、控制系統(tǒng)、多屏多媒體系統(tǒng)等構(gòu)成的、可視、可控、可調(diào)及人機(jī)交互的電子集成平臺(tái)提供軟件基礎(chǔ),為傳染病現(xiàn)場處置機(jī)構(gòu)提供決策支持。綜上所述,本課題針對傳染病現(xiàn)場防控工作的勤務(wù)任務(wù)與裝備需求,構(gòu)建了傳染病防控裝備模塊化體系,對傳染病防控工作的不同流程及不同處置對象進(jìn)行了裝備模塊化配置,建立了基于不同等級傳染病處置力量的裝備編配方案;在裝備模塊需求的基礎(chǔ)上,采用綜合評價(jià)方法進(jìn)行了裝備保障能力評估;針對傳染病現(xiàn)場防控工作流程,以GIS為基礎(chǔ)平臺(tái),以計(jì)算機(jī)編程技術(shù)為技術(shù)手段,開發(fā)了傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備模擬仿真軟件平臺(tái)。通過本研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)了傳染病防控裝備保障流程、保障環(huán)節(jié)及裝備運(yùn)用方式的規(guī)范化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和最優(yōu)化;實(shí)現(xiàn)了適于不同層面疾控機(jī)構(gòu)需求的現(xiàn)場防控裝備優(yōu)化編配和保障能力評估,為傳染病防控裝備的優(yōu)化配置與合理編配提供理論基礎(chǔ);建立了基于裝備模塊化編配的模擬仿真平臺(tái),實(shí)現(xiàn)了典型疾控機(jī)構(gòu)、典型事件、典型環(huán)境下防控裝備的編配模擬,直觀反映防控裝備保障環(huán)節(jié),為傳染病防控工作的實(shí)施與演練提供仿真數(shù)據(jù)與決策支持。通過本研究,對今后各類疾控機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)場防控裝備科學(xué)編配和保障能力的提高意義重大。課題研究的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)為:(1)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)論理論分析傳染病防控工作需求,建立了傳染病防控裝備模塊化體系,為傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備研發(fā)、配置提供決策參考;(2)依據(jù)傳染病現(xiàn)場防控工作對裝備的需求定位,實(shí)現(xiàn)了傳染病防控裝備模塊化配置并構(gòu)建了裝備編配方案,為傳染病防控裝備的優(yōu)化配置與合理編配提供了理論基礎(chǔ);(3)基于裝備的模塊化需求,采用模糊綜合評價(jià)法對裝備編配方案的保障能力進(jìn)行評估,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對傳染病防控過程裝備效能評價(jià)的輔助決策;(4)設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了傳染病現(xiàn)場防控裝備評估與模擬仿真系統(tǒng),為傳染病防控工作的實(shí)施與演練提供仿真數(shù)據(jù)與決策支持。
[Abstract]:Infectious disease on-site prevention and control equipment is the material basis and important condition of infectious disease prevention and control, is an important part of the system of infectious disease prevention and control, is a direct reflection of the technical level of disease prevention and control institutions and on-site disposal capacity. There are many shortcomings in the development, distribution, application and evaluation of infectious disease field prevention and control equipment, which restrict the development of infectious disease field prevention and control equipment in our country. Modular design and deployment to realize the standardization and standardization of the equipment support process, the support links and the use of equipment; on the basis of modular equipment deployment, through the evaluation of equipment support capability and simulation, to achieve the simulation operation of infectious disease field prevention and control equipment under the specific epidemic situation. The main contents and methods are as follows: 1. Infectious diseases are now in use Modularization design and application system theory principle of field prevention and control equipment are studied. The task requirement of field prevention and control of infectious diseases is analyzed and decomposed. According to the functional requirements of each equipment, the subsystems and basic modules of field prevention and control equipment system of infectious diseases are established. The modularization system of the equipment for disease prevention and control on the spot is analyzed; the conclusion of the modularization system is theoretically verified by cluster analysis method, and the module decomposition and division of the equipment is realized to a certain extent from the mathematical point of view; the task requirement of the work of infectious disease prevention and control on the spot is analyzed from the system theory point of view, according to the basic characteristics of infectious disease transmission and the work of infectious disease prevention and control. The basic process is to further clarify the equipment requirements in the field prevention and control of infectious diseases, and then to realize the modular configuration of infectious disease prevention and control equipment by modular combination of equipment; to determine the equipment for infectious disease prevention and control by means of field investigation and correspondence investigation in accordance with different infectious disease background and functional scope and safeguard strength of disease control agencies. Secondly, according to the requirement of infectious disease on-site prevention and control task, the comprehensive evaluation method is applied to the task of infectious disease on-site prevention and control. Task completeness and task support effectiveness are evaluated for infectious disease field prevention and control equipment. Comprehensive evaluation methods are selected, including linear weighted synthesis method, Delphi expert investigation method, AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The equipment configuration of field prevention and control is still very weak, and the ability of preventing and controlling infectious diseases with epidemic grade above is urgent to be strengthened, and the function and quantity of the equipment need to be improved. On the basis of evaluation theory, the intelligent and digital evaluation of equipment is realized by developing a software platform for evaluating the support capability of equipment for infectious disease field prevention and control, and the evaluation forms are effectively simplified, so as to realize the popularization and application of the equipment evaluation platform, and to make command and decision for the work of infectious disease field prevention and control as well as the equipment allocation and selection of disease control institutions at all levels. 3. The design and development of simulation system for infectious disease field prevention and control equipment. The research results of modularization research and support capability evaluation of infectious disease field prevention and control equipment are used to simulate the process of infectious disease field prevention and control and equipment application. This paper discusses the design, modeling and operation mode of simulation system for infectious disease field prevention and control equipment, and develops a simulation software platform for infectious disease field prevention and control equipment based on geographic information system (GIS) and computer programming technology. The functions of disease control institutions, basic information inquiry of prevention and control equipment and infectious diseases, demonstration of typical infectious diseases on-site prevention and control equipment, generation of contingency disposal equipment configuration scheme, simulation of infectious diseases on-site prevention and control process and Simulation of equipment operation, etc. are further formed, which are composed of equipment configuration model, control system and multi-screen multimedia system. The visual, controllable, adjustable and man-machine interactive electronic integration platform provides software foundation for decision-making support for infectious disease field disposal agencies. In summary, this topic constructs a modular system for infectious disease prevention and control equipment, and different processes and requirements for infectious disease prevention and control work. Different disposal objects are disposed modularily, and equipment allocation schemes based on different levels of infectious disease disposal forces are established; equipment support capability is evaluated by comprehensive evaluation method on the basis of equipment module requirements; and the work flow of infectious disease field prevention and control is analyzed based on GIS and computer programming technology. A simulation software platform for infectious disease prevention and control equipment is developed for technical means. Through this research, the standardization, standardization and optimization of the support process, support links and equipment operation modes of infectious disease prevention and control equipment are realized, and the optimal allocation and support capability of field prevention and control equipment suitable for the needs of different levels of disease control institutions are realized. The evaluation provides a theoretical basis for the optimal allocation and rational allocation of infectious disease prevention and control equipment, establishes a simulation platform based on the modular allocation of equipment, realizes the allocation simulation of typical disease control institutions, typical events, and typical environment, directly reflects the support links of prevention and control equipment, and provides the implementation and performance of infectious disease prevention and control work. Through this study, it is of great significance to improve the scientific allocation and support capability of various kinds of disease control and prevention equipment in the future. The main innovations of this research are as follows: (1) Analyzing the work requirements of infectious disease prevention and control by applying the theory of system theory, and establishing the modular system of infectious disease prevention and control equipment for transmission. Research and development of infectious disease prevention and control equipment on-site, configuration to provide decision-making reference; (2) According to the work of infectious disease prevention and control on-site equipment needs positioning, the realization of infectious disease prevention and control equipment modular configuration and equipment configuration scheme, for infectious disease prevention and control equipment optimization configuration and rational allocation provides a theoretical basis; (3) equipment-based modular needs Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the support capability of equipment allocation scheme, and the auxiliary decision-making of equipment effectiveness evaluation in the process of infectious disease prevention and control is realized. (4) The evaluation and simulation system of equipment for infectious disease prevention and control is designed and implemented, which provides simulation data and decision support for the implementation and drilling of infectious disease prevention and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R824

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