【摘要】：隨著航空業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展，航空公司對飛行員和空中乘務員的需求越來越大。飛行員決定著安全水平，而空中乘務員體現(xiàn)著航空公司的服務品質(zhì)，這兩大人群是航空公司的靈魂，直接關(guān)系著航空公司的利益，因此，選拔高質(zhì)量的飛行員及空中乘務員顯得尤為重要。在人才選拔過程中，人格特征是決定飛行員及空中乘務員是否勝任崗位的一項很重要的指標。本研究主要分為兩大部分：第一部分：民航飛行員人格模型的構(gòu)建 目的：探討民航飛行員的人格特點，建立適合飛行員群體個性特征的人格模型，為飛行員的選拔提供理論依據(jù)與技術(shù)支持。 方法：采用完全隨機抽樣的方法，應用DXC-6型多項群體心理測評儀對民航飛行員進行16PF人格測驗，計算機播放指導語和題目并記錄被試作答的答案。 結(jié)果： (1)飛行員16PF各因子原始分與原常模進行單樣本t檢驗，在聰慧性、穩(wěn)定性、恃強性、興奮性、有恒性、敢為性、敏感性、懷疑性、幻想性、世故性、憂慮性、獨立性、自律性和緊張性14個因子上差異顯著，有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）；飛行員16PF時間分與原常模進行單樣本t檢驗，在樂群性、聰慧性、穩(wěn)定性、有恒性、幻想性、世故性、憂慮性、實驗性、獨立性、自律性10個因子上差異顯著，有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）； (2)16PF大部分因素同質(zhì)性信度(Cronbach α)在0.50～0.81之間，斯皮爾曼分半信度在0.53～0.80之間,因素之間相關(guān)系數(shù)在0.00～0.59之間不等，絕大多數(shù)處于中等偏下的水平； (3)優(yōu)秀飛行員組與一般飛行員組進行獨立樣本t檢驗、秩和檢驗，在穩(wěn)定性、恃強性、興奮性、有恒性、敢為性、憂慮性、獨立性、緊張性、適應焦慮性、內(nèi)外向型、感情用事與安詳機警型、心理健康因素、專業(yè)成就個性因素和創(chuàng)造能力個性因素14個因子得分上差異顯著，有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05)； (4)對兩個人群16PF各因子標準分進行逐步差別分析，興奮性、敢為性、敏感性、懷疑性、憂慮性、獨立性、自律性、緊張性8個變量指標進入判別方程，判別系數(shù)依次為㧟0.278，0.176，0.345，0.216，0.266，㧟0.140，㧟0.283，0.172，常數(shù)項為㧟2.652，分界值C=㧟0.519； (5)因子分析提取公因子8個，其特征值分別為3.660，2.248，1.192，1.154，1.087，0.996，0.955，0.790，解釋變異量分別為22.88%，14.05%，7.45%，7.22%，6.79%，6.23%，5.97%，4.94%，累積解釋變異量75.51%。 結(jié)論： (1)16PF在民航飛行員群體中信效度良好； (2)飛行員具有情緒穩(wěn)定、獨立自信、理智隨和、自律負責的人格特點；優(yōu)秀飛行員人格呈現(xiàn)出情緒穩(wěn)定、外向、心理健康程度高、剛毅果斷、專業(yè)成就高的特點。 (3)對優(yōu)秀飛行員與一般飛行員進行判別的函數(shù)表達式為：Y=㧟0.278F+0.176H+0.345I+0.216L+0.266O㧟0.14Q2㧟0.283Q3+0.172Q4㧟2.652 當Y≤㧟0.519時，判別為優(yōu)秀飛行員；當Y㧟0.519時，，判別為一般飛行員； (4)基于16PF，民航飛行員的人格結(jié)構(gòu)模型為八因子模型。第二部分：空中乘務員人格模型的建構(gòu) 目的：探討空中乘務員的人格特點，建立相應的人格模型，為空中乘務員的選拔提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。 方法：采用隨機抽樣的方法，借助DXC-6型多項群體心理測評儀對空中乘務員進行16PF人格測驗，計算機播放指導語和題目并記錄被試作答的答案以及作答時間。 結(jié)果： (1)空乘16PF各因子原始分與原常模進行單樣本t檢驗，除恃強性、世故性兩因子外，空乘其余14個因子得分均與原常模均差異顯著，有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）； (2)男、女乘務員16PF各因子原始分進行獨立樣本t檢驗，在樂群性、敏感性、幻想性、憂慮性4個因子上得分差異顯著，有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05），其中女乘務員在這4個因子上得分上高于男乘務員； (3)空乘16PF初級因子時間分與原常模進行單樣本t檢驗，結(jié)果顯示在敏感性、幻想性、世故性、實驗性、緊張性5個因子維度上差異顯著，有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）； (4)16PF大部分因素同質(zhì)性信度在0.60～0.81之間，斯皮爾曼分半信度在0.63～0.85之間，相關(guān)系數(shù)在0.00～0.60之間不等，絕大多數(shù)因素之間的相關(guān)系數(shù)處于中等偏下的水平； (5)優(yōu)秀空乘組與一般空乘組進行獨立樣本t檢驗、秩和檢驗，在樂群性、穩(wěn)定性、興奮性、有恒性、懷疑性、幻想性、自律性、緊張性、專業(yè)成就因素及新環(huán)境成長能力因素得分上差異顯著，有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05)，且在樂群性、穩(wěn)定性、有恒性、懷疑性、自律性、專業(yè)成就因素及新環(huán)境成長能力7個因子維度上，優(yōu)秀乘務員組得分高于一般乘務員組(P0.05)； (6)經(jīng)逐步差別分析，聰慧性、有恒性、獨立性3個變量指標進入判別方程，判別系數(shù)依次為㧟0.341，㧟0.488，0.404常數(shù)項為㧟1.254，分界值C=㧟0.325； (7)經(jīng)因子分析，空乘的人格結(jié)構(gòu)為八因子模型，8個公因子的特征值分別為3.866，1.900，1.419，1.235，1.026，0.975，0.794，0.778，解釋變異量分別為24.16%，11.88%，8.87%，7.72%，6.41%，6.09%，4.96%，4.86%,累積解釋變異量74.96%。 結(jié)論： (1)16PF在空中乘務員群體中信效度良好； (2)空中乘務員總體呈現(xiàn)出開朗隨和、情緒穩(wěn)定、自律負責、感情細膩的人格特征。男、女乘務員在樂群性、敏感性、幻想性、憂慮性4個因子維度上呈現(xiàn)出完全不同的個性特點，其中女乘務員較之男乘務員，人格特征更多的表現(xiàn)出外向熱情、感情細膩等特點。優(yōu)秀空中乘務員具有外向熱情、情緒穩(wěn)定、隨和自律、有恒負責的人格特征；同時優(yōu)秀乘務員也表現(xiàn)出專業(yè)成就能力強、新環(huán)境適應能力強的特點。 (3)優(yōu)秀空中乘務員與一般乘務員判別函數(shù)模型表達式為：Y=㧟0.341B㧟0.488G+0.404Q2㧟1.254 當Y≤㧟0.325時，判別為優(yōu)秀空中乘務員；當Y㧟0.325時，判別為一般空中乘務員； (4)基于16PF的16項根源特質(zhì)，空中乘務員的人格特征呈現(xiàn)八因子結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the aviation industry, the demand for pilots and flight attendants is increasing. Pilots determine the level of safety and air crew embodies the service quality of the airline. These two people are the soul of the airline, directly related to the interests of the airline company. Therefore, the selection of high quality pilots and empty space. In the process of talent selection, personality is a very important index to determine whether the pilot and the flight attendant are competent. This study is divided into two parts: the first part: the construction of the personality model of the civil aviation pilot
Objective: To explore the personality characteristics of civil aviation pilots and to establish a personality model suitable for the personality of the pilot group, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the selection of pilots.
Methods: using the method of complete random sampling, the 16PF personality test was carried out for civil aviation pilots with DXC-6 multi group psychological tester. The computer played guidance and questions and recorded the answers to the answers.
Result:
(1) a single sample t test was carried out between the original 16PF factor and the original norm of the pilot. The difference between the 14 factors of intelligence, stability, bulness, excitement, identity, sensitivity, suspicion, fantasy, sophistication, anxiety, independence, self-discipline and tension was statistically significant (P0.05); the pilot's 16PF time and the original norm A single sample t test was performed on 10 factors of music, intelligence, stability, identity, fantasy, sophistication, anxiety, experimentation, independence and self-discipline, with statistical significance (P0.05).
(2) the homogeneity reliability (Cronbach alpha) of most factors of 16PF was between 0.50 and 0.81, and the half reliability of Spielman was between 0.53 and 0.80. The correlation coefficient between factors ranged from 0 to 0.59, and the overwhelming majority was at the middle level.
(3) the excellent pilot group and the general pilot group carried out independent sample t test, rank sum test, in stability, bulness, excitement, constancy, dares, anxiety, independence, tension, adaptation to anxiety, internal and external type, emotional and serenity, psychological health, professional achievement personality factors and creative personality factors 14 factors. There was a significant difference in factor scores, with statistical significance (P0.05).
(4) step by step analysis of the standard scores of each factor of 16PF in two groups, 8 variables, excitability, dares, sensibility, suspicion, anxiety, independence, self-discipline and tension, were entered into the discriminant equation, and the discriminant coefficient was 0.278,0.176,0.345,0.216,0.266,? 0.140,? 0.283,0.172, the constant term was 2.652, and the boundary value C=? 0.519;
(5) factor analysis extracts 8 common factors, whose eigenvalues are 3.660,2.248,1.192,1.154,1.087,0.996,0.955,0.790 respectively, and the explanatory variations are 22.88%, 14.05%, 7.45%, 7.22%, 6.79%, 6.23%, 5.97%, 4.94%, respectively, to explain the variation of 75.51%.
Conclusion:
(1) 16PF has good validity in civil aviation pilots.
(2) the pilots have the characteristics of emotional stability, independence, self confidence, intellectual and self-discipline, and self disciplined personality. The personality of the excellent pilot is characterized by emotional stability, extrovert, high mental health, resolute and resolute, and high professional achievement.
(3) The function expression for distinguishing excellent pilots from ordinary pilots is Y=? 0.278F+0.176H+0.345I+0.216L+0.266O?0.14Q2?0.283Q3+0.172Q4?2.652?
When Y is less than 0.519, it is classified as an excellent pilot; when Y? 0.519, it is classified as a general pilot.
(4) Based on 16PF, the personality structure model of civil aviation pilots is an eight-factor model. Part II: Construction of the personality model of air crew
Objective: To explore the personality characteristics of air crew and establish the corresponding personality model so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the selection of air crew.
Methods: using the random sampling method, the air flight attendants were tested on the 16PF personality test with the aid of the DXC-6 multi group psychological tester. The computer played the guidance and questions and recorded the answer and the time of answer.
Result:
(1) a single sample t test of the original 16PF factor of the flight attendants and the original norm was carried out. Besides the strength and the two factor of the world, the scores of the other 14 factors of the flight attendants were all significantly different from those of the original norm (P0.05).
(2) male, female flight attendants 16PF factors of the original score of the independent sample t test, in the group, sensitivity, fantasy, anxiety, 4 factors are significant differences, there is statistical significance (P0.05), of which the female stewardess on these 4 factors is higher than the male steward;
(3) a single sample t test was performed on the primary factor time and the original norm of the 16PF. The results showed that there were significant differences in the 5 factors of sensitivity, fantasy, sophistication, experimentation and tension (P0.05).
(4) the homogeneity reliability of most factors of 16PF is between 0.60 and 0.81, and the half reliability of Spielman is between 0.63 and 0.85, the correlation coefficient varies from 0 to 0.60, and the correlation coefficient between most factors is at the middle level.
(5) the independent sample t test of the excellent flight attendants and the general flight attendants, the rank sum test, the scores in the scores of the group, stability, excitement, constancy, suspicion, fantasy, self-discipline, tension, professional achievement factors and new environment growth factors, are statistically significant (P0.05), and in the group, stability, persistence, and suspicion. The score of excellent flight attendant group was higher than that of general flight attendant group (P 0.05).
(6) after the gradual difference analysis, the 3 variables of intelligence, persistence and independence entered the discriminant equation. The discriminant coefficient was 0.341, the 0.488,0.404 constant term was 1.254, and the boundary value was C=? 0.325.
(7) by factor analysis, the personality structure of the flight attendants is a eight factor model, and the eigenvalues of 8 common factors are 3.866,1.900,1.419,1.235,1.026,0.975,0.794,0.778 respectively, and the explanatory variations are 24.16%, 11.88%, 8.87%, 7.72%, 6.41%, 6.09%, 4.96%, 4.86%, cumulative interpretation of variation 74.96%.
Conclusion:
(1) 16PF has good validity in the air crew group.
(2) the flight attendants generally show an open and easy-going, emotional stability, self-discipline, and delicate personality characteristics. Male and female attendants have completely different personality characteristics on the 4 factors of happiness, sensitivity, fantasy and anxiety, of which female stewardship is more extroverted than male stewardship, and more personality characteristics show extrovert enthusiasm. The excellent air crew is enthusiastic, emotionally stable, easy-going and self disciplined, and has a constant and responsible personality. At the same time, the excellent crew also shows the ability of professional achievement and the ability to adapt to the new environment.
(3) the discriminant function model for excellent flight attendants and general attendants is: Y=? 0.341B? 0.488G+0.404Q2? 1.254
When Y is less than 0.325, it is classified as an excellent flight attendant; when Y? 0.325, it is classified as a general air steward.
(4) based on the 16 root characteristics of 16PF, the personality characteristics of flight attendants show a eight factor structure.
【學位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R851.3

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