本文關(guān)鍵詞： 間歇跑臺訓(xùn)練 運(yùn)動強(qiáng)度 骨量 骨代謝　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1研究目的 青少年的骨密度在整個青春期呈上升趨勢，青春期前期進(jìn)行運(yùn)動干預(yù)是提高骨密度的最佳時期,對骨密度的有利作用更明顯，青春期進(jìn)行負(fù)重(跳躍)運(yùn)動可以提高峰值骨量,青春期是峰值骨量形成的敏感時期，在生長發(fā)育的高峰期參加運(yùn)動可以促進(jìn)骨的構(gòu)建。結(jié)合目前動物和人體實驗的研究結(jié)果,強(qiáng)度不同的間歇跑臺訓(xùn)練骨代謝有顯著影響,本次試驗我選擇生長期大鼠為研究對象,通過對生長期大鼠股骨的骨含量和骨密度以及血液中骨代謝相關(guān)指標(biāo)的測定,探討不同強(qiáng)度的間歇跑臺訓(xùn)練對生長期大鼠骨代謝的影響,以期為廣大青少年運(yùn)動鍛煉和專業(yè)青少年運(yùn)動員的科學(xué)訓(xùn)練提供理論支持。 2實驗方法 選取4周齡雄性wistar大鼠70只(由山東魯抗醫(yī)藥股份有限公司提供)，平均體重為(67.99±5.83)g,根據(jù)體重隨機(jī)搭配分成7組（n=10）:即對照組和運(yùn)動組。運(yùn)動組按照大鼠攝氧量分為:65%組,70%組,75%組,80%組,85%組和90%組。跑臺訓(xùn)練8周,每周訓(xùn)練6d,每組訓(xùn)練分3次,每次不低于10min,中間間隔30min,最后一次運(yùn)動后24h,摘眼球取血，毀脊髓法處死后解剖，取后肢右側(cè)股骨剝離結(jié)締組織，用生理鹽水浸透的紗布包裹置-84℃冰箱保存，待骨含量(BMC：Bone mineral content)和骨密度(BMD：Bone mineral density)指標(biāo)的測試。同時測血清中的堿性磷酸酶（AKP: Alkline phosphatase）、抗酒石酸鹽酸性磷酸酶（StrACP: Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase），血磷（P：Blood phosphorus），，血鈣（Ca：Blood Calcium）的含量，所有數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理。 3實驗結(jié)果 3.1實驗前后體重變化 實驗前各組大鼠之間體重差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。實驗后70%組大鼠體重顯著低于對照組（P＜0.05），75%—90%組非常顯著低于對照組（P＜0.01），90%組顯著低于65%組和70%組（P＜0.05）。 3.2骨量變化 70%和75%組股骨BMD顯著高于對照組（P＜0.05）；65%組、75%組、85%組股骨BMC顯著高于對照組（P＜0.05），70%組極顯著高于對照組（P＜0.01）。 70%組股骨BMD顯著高于65%組（P＜0.05），85%組、90%組顯著低于65%組（P＜0.05）；90%組股骨BMC顯著低于65%組（P＜0.05）。 75%組、80%組、85%組、90%組股骨BMD、BMC均顯著低于70%組（P＜0.05）。 85%組、90%組股骨BMD和90%組BMC均顯著低于75%組（P＜0.05）。 90%組股骨BMD、BMC均顯著低于85%組（P＜0.05）。 3.3骨代謝生化標(biāo)志物 3.3.1運(yùn)動對骨形成和骨吸收生化標(biāo)志物的影響 8周跑臺訓(xùn)練后，各運(yùn)動組血清AKP、StrACP均顯著高于對照組（P＜0.05），其中70%組、80%組血清AKP和80%血清StrACP極顯著高于對照組（P＜0.01）。 70%組血清AKP顯著高于65%組（P＜0.05），85%組、90%組血清AKP顯著低于65%組（P＜0.05）；80%組、85%組、90%組血清StrACP顯著高于65%組（P＜0.05）。 80%組、85%組、90%組血清AKP顯著低于70%組和75%組（P＜0.05）；血清StrACP均顯著高于70%組和75%組（P＜0.05）。 90%組血清StrACP顯著高于80%組和85%組（P＜0.05）。 3.3.2運(yùn)動對血鈣、血磷調(diào)節(jié)激素的影響 65%組、70%組血鈣極顯著高于對照組（P＜0.01），90%組顯著低于對照組（P＜0.05）；65%組血磷顯著高于對照組（P＜0.05），其余各運(yùn)動組均極顯著高于對照組（P＜0.01）。 70%—90%五個運(yùn)動組血鈣顯著低于65%組（P＜0.05）；75%—90%四個運(yùn)動組血磷顯著高于65%組（P＜0.05）。 75%—90%四個運(yùn)動組血鈣顯著低于70%組（P＜0.05）；血磷顯著高于70%組（P＜0.05）。 80%組、90%組血鈣顯著低于75%組（P＜0.05）；85%組、90%組血磷顯著高于75%組（P＜0.05）。 85%組、90%組血鈣顯著低于80%組（P＜0.05），90%組血鈣顯著低于85%組（P＜0.05）。 4.結(jié)論 4.1隨著運(yùn)動負(fù)荷的增加大鼠體重出現(xiàn)顯著性的降低,對照組大鼠體重最大,90%組大鼠體重最低,長期大強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動導(dǎo)致大鼠出現(xiàn)運(yùn)動疲勞,攝食量減少,運(yùn)動消耗大量能量,使得大鼠自身組成物質(zhì)被分解代謝,出現(xiàn)異化趨勢。 4.270%VO2max的中等強(qiáng)度間歇跑臺訓(xùn)練使生長期大鼠骨量、骨密度增加最明顯。隨著運(yùn)動負(fù)荷的增加大鼠股骨BMD、BMC出現(xiàn)顯著性的降低。 4.3運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練組中70%組成骨細(xì)胞最活躍,血清AKP值最高,血清StrACP值最低,均有利于大鼠骨量的積累和骨密度的增加。訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)度大于80%VO2max時,破骨細(xì)胞活性增加迅速,從而影響骨量的積累和峰值骨量的形成。 4.4各運(yùn)動組血鈣和血磷含量隨運(yùn)動強(qiáng)度的增加分別出現(xiàn)減少和增加的趨勢。說明訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)度大于70%VO2max時,破骨細(xì)胞活性大于成骨細(xì)胞活性,大鼠骨量呈下降趨勢。 4.5肥胖人群,要想減肥的話,必須采取科學(xué)的運(yùn)動,同時嚴(yán)格控制自己的飲食。運(yùn)動強(qiáng)度應(yīng)該采用80%V02max以上的大強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動。 4.6青少年競技運(yùn)動員健身,采取70-85%VO2max每周三、四次的遞增負(fù)荷的有氧鍛煉。逐周增加5%左右的重量,使肌肉、骨骼感知到機(jī)械應(yīng)力的有效刺激。 4.7一般性運(yùn)動鍛煉人群,采取60-75%VO2max的有氧負(fù)荷運(yùn)動,根據(jù)自身身體狀況和季節(jié)氣候的變化,早晚安排適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動項目和適宜的運(yùn)動強(qiáng)度,循序漸進(jìn)的堅持運(yùn)動,逐周增加5%左右的重量。
[Abstract]:1 purpose of research
Bone mineral density in adolescents increased throughout adolescence, pre adolescent exercise intervention is the best time to improve bone density, beneficial effect on bone density is more obvious, puberty weight (jump) exercise can improve the peak bone mass, adolescence is the sensitive period of peak bone mass formation, participate in sports in the peak of growth and development can promote the construction of bone. Combined with the present experimental animal and human studies, intermittent different intensity had significant effects on bone metabolism run training, this test I choose growing rats as the research object, through the determination of rat femoral bone growth phase content and bone mineral density and bone metabolism in the blood related indicators, to explore the effect of different the strength of intermittent treadmill training on bone metabolism of growing rats, in order for the majority of young people exercise and professional scientific training to provide young athletes Theoretical support.
2 experimental method
70 4 week old male Wistar rats were selected (provided by Shandong Lukang Pharmaceutical Limited by Share Ltd), the average weight of (67.99 + 5.83) g, were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the collocation (n=10): control group and exercise group. Exercise group rats in accordance with oxygen uptake is divided into: 65% group, 70% group, 75% group, 80% group, 85% group and 90% group. 8 weeks of treadmill training, weekly training 6D, each training 3 times, each time interval of not less than 10min, 30min, 24h after the last training, eyeball blood, destroy the spinal cord were killed after dissection, hindlimb femur stripping with connective tissue. The saline soaked gauze wrapped -84 deg.c for refrigerator, bone mineral content (BMC:Bone mineral content) and bone density (BMD:Bone mineral density) were tested. At the same time measured in serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP: Alkline phosphatase), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (StrACP: Tartrate resistant acid phosphat ASE), the content of blood phosphorus (P:Blood phosphorus) and blood calcium (Ca:Blood Calcium), and all the data were statistically treated with SPSS17.0 software.
3 experimental results
3.1 body weight changes before and after the experiment
There was no significant difference in body weight between the groups before the experiment. After the experiment, the weight of the 70% groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the 75% to 90% group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01), and the 90% group was significantly lower than the 65% group and 70% group (P < 0.05).
3.2 bone mass change
The BMD in 70% and 75% groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); in the 65% group, the BMC in the 75% group and the 85% group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the 70% group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01).
The 70% groups of femur BMD were significantly higher than that of 65% groups (P < 0.05), 85% groups, 90% groups were significantly lower than 65% groups (P < 0.05), and 90% groups of femur were significantly lower than that of 65% groups (P < 0.05).
The 75% groups, 80% groups, 85% groups, and 90% groups of femur BMD, BMC were significantly lower than the 70% groups (P < 0.05).
The 85% groups, 90% groups of femur BMD and 90% groups of BMC were significantly lower than the 75% groups (P < 0.05).
The BMD and BMC of the 90% groups were significantly lower than that of the 85% groups (P < 0.05).
3.3 biochemical markers of bone metabolism
The effect of 3.3.1 exercise on bone formation and bone resorption biochemical markers
After 8 weeks treadmill training, the serum AKP and StrACP of each exercise group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Among the 70% groups, the serum AKP and 80% serum StrACP in the 80% groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01).
The serum AKP in the 70% groups was significantly higher than that in the 65% group (P < 0.05). In the 85% groups, the serum AKP in the 90% groups was significantly lower than that in the 65% group (P < 0.05); the serum StrACP in the 80% group, 85% group and 90% group was significantly higher than that in the 65% group (P < 65%).
The serum AKP of 80% groups, 85% groups and 90% groups was significantly lower than that of 70% groups and 75% groups (P < 0.05), and serum StrACP was significantly higher than that of 70% groups and 75% groups (P < 0.05).
The serum StrACP in the 90% groups was significantly higher than that of the 80% groups and 85% groups (P < 0.05).
The effect of 3.3.2 exercise on blood calcium and serum phosphorus regulation hormone
In the 65% group, the blood calcium level of the 70% groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01), and the 90% groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The plasma phosphorus in the 65% groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the rest of the exercise groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01).
The blood calcium in the 70% - 90% groups was significantly lower than that of the 65% groups (P < 0.05), and the blood phosphorus in the 75% - 90% groups was significantly higher than that in the 65% group (P < 0.05).
The blood calcium in the 75% - 90% groups was significantly lower than that of the 70% groups (P < 0.05), and the blood phosphorus was significantly higher than that in the 70% groups (P < 0.05).
The 80% groups, 90% groups of blood calcium significantly lower than 75% groups (P < 0.05), the 85% group, 90% groups of blood phosphorus was significantly higher than the 75% groups (P < 0.05).
The 85% groups, 90% groups of blood calcium were significantly lower than the 80% groups (P < 0.05), the 90% group of blood calcium was significantly lower than the 85% groups (P < 0.05).
4. conclusion
4.1 as the workload increases the weight of rats decreased significantly, the control group weight, 90% groups of rats was lowest, the long-term high-intensity exercise in rats of exercise fatigue, reduced food intake, exercise consumes a lot of energy, so that its components rat is decomposes, alienation trend.
Moderate intensity intermittent treadmill training of 4.270%VO2max increased the bone density and bone mineral density of growing rats significantly. With the increase of exercise load, the BMD and BMC of femur significantly decreased in rats.
4.3 exercise training group in 70%. The most active bone cells, serum AKP value is the highest, the lowest value of serum StrACP, increase the accumulation of bone mass and bone mineral density. The training intensity is greater than 80%VO2max, osteoclast activity increased rapidly, thus affecting the formation of bone mass accumulation and peak bone mass.
4.4, the blood calcium and phosphorus contents in exercise group decreased and increased with the increase of exercise intensity. It showed that when training intensity was greater than 70%VO2max, the activity of osteoclasts was larger than that of osteoblasts, and the bone volume of rats decreased.
4.5 obese people, if they want to lose weight, they must take a scientific exercise and strictly control their diet. The intensity of exercise should be more than 80%V02max.
4.6, the fitness of young athletes should be increased by 70-85%VO2max every four times every Wednesday. Increase the weight of 5% by week, so that muscles and bones can perceive the effective stimulation of mechanical stress.
4.7, the general exercise population should take aerobic exercise of 60-75%VO2max. According to their physical condition and seasonal climate change, arrange appropriate sports and appropriate exercise intensity sooner or later, step by step to adhere to exercise and increase the weight by around 5% a week.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G804.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 房冬梅;周道華;周鳳林;;不同應(yīng)力水平的持續(xù)運(yùn)動對生長期大鼠骨礦含量和力學(xué)特性的影響[J];北京體育大學(xué)學(xué)報;2007年04期

2 陳玉群;于華;;運(yùn)動對骨量的影響[J];湖北師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2008年03期

3 楊茲慧;;老年人骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折的預(yù)防和處理[J];海南醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報;2011年05期

4 封飛虎;崔友瓊;;運(yùn)動與兒童青少年骨健康[J];湖北體育科技;2007年01期

5 喬媛媛;王曉晨;王曼瑩;;運(yùn)動-雌激素-骨代謝相關(guān)性研究進(jìn)展[J];吉林體育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2009年04期

6 房冬梅;;大強(qiáng)度間歇跑臺運(yùn)動對大鼠長骨生長的影響[J];山東體育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2009年06期

7 房冬梅;;不同方式的運(yùn)動對生長期大鼠骨代謝及其相關(guān)激素的影響[J];天津體育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2009年04期

8 王峰;王彥偉;趙斌;卜慧楠;;負(fù)重訓(xùn)練對老齡大鼠骨生物力學(xué)性能的影響[J];天津體育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2011年05期

9 劉永在;蔡錦軍;吳彪;;中等負(fù)荷游泳對老齡鼠骨和骨骼肌代謝的影響[J];體育科學(xué)研究;2009年04期

10 袁春華,陳佩杰,陳敏雄;男性青少年骨密度與下肢跳躍能力的關(guān)系及運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練對其影響[J];體育學(xué)刊;2004年06期

本文編號：1480705