【摘要】：[目的]進(jìn)一步了解我省城鄉(xiāng)居民膳食結(jié)構(gòu)、行為方式及其相關(guān)慢性疾病的流行病學(xué)特點及變化規(guī)律,評價城鄉(xiāng)居民營養(yǎng)與健康水平,為我省制定相關(guān)政策、指導(dǎo)居民采納健康生活方式提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 [方法]根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況將我省分為城市、農(nóng)村、半農(nóng)半牧區(qū)和牧區(qū)四個經(jīng)濟(jì)類型進(jìn)行多階段隨機整群抽樣。第一階段分別從每一類地區(qū)隨機抽取1個縣/區(qū),共確定4個調(diào)查縣/區(qū)；第二階段采用系統(tǒng)隨機抽樣的方法,從抽到的樣本縣/區(qū)中抽取3個鄉(xiāng)／街道；第三階段采用系統(tǒng)隨機抽樣的方法,從樣本鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)/街道中抽取3個村/居委會；第四階段是從抽中的村/居委會中隨機抽取30戶家庭為調(diào)查樣本戶。對抽取的住戶全體成員均進(jìn)行詢問調(diào)查及醫(yī)學(xué)體檢,從每個鄉(xiāng)中隨機抽取2/3的村進(jìn)行實驗室檢測；從每個縣中抽1個村/居委會進(jìn)行居民膳食調(diào)查。采用Epidata3.02建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,采用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計軟件對資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。 [結(jié)果]本次調(diào)查共涉及4個縣/區(qū),12個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),共調(diào)查住戶1116戶,4349人。男性2141人,女性2206人。平均每標(biāo)準(zhǔn)人日糧谷類食物攝入量為408.61g,蔬菜水果為228.21g,畜禽肉類及水產(chǎn)品為75.06g,奶類及豆類為187.59g,食用油為34.68g,鹽和醬油為13g；每標(biāo)準(zhǔn)人能量攝入為2213.71kcal,蛋白質(zhì)為65.76g,脂肪為74.09g；維生素攝入量為321.48μg,硫胺素為0.76mg,核黃素為1mg,煙酸為12.69mg,抗壞血酸為95.84mg,維生素E為29.7mg；礦物質(zhì)每標(biāo)準(zhǔn)人鈣的攝入量為495.95mg,鐵為25.08mg,鋅為11.19mg。從能量的食物來源來看谷類食物提供的能量占總能量的54.45%。本次共調(diào)查7-17歲青少年3720人,男性1875人、女性1845人。不同地區(qū)青少年的平均身高和體重除個別年齡段外男性均高于女性,平均體質(zhì)指數(shù)各年齡組均是男性略高于女性。18歲以上成人2791人,男性1227人,女性1564人,平均身高161.27cm,平均體重60.67kg。5歲以下兒童生長遲緩率為12.1%,四個調(diào)查地區(qū)中城市生長遲緩率最低、其次為半農(nóng)半牧區(qū)、農(nóng)村第三、牧區(qū)最高。18歲以上成人營養(yǎng)不良率為6.49%。我省嬰兒低體重比例為9.95%,明顯高于2002年全國平均水平3.6%。我省4個月以內(nèi)嬰兒基本純母乳喂養(yǎng)率為56.8%,3歲以下嬰幼兒平均斷奶時間為8.5月。3個調(diào)查地區(qū)貧血患病率為15.2%,血紅蛋白均值為148.5g/L。按WHO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)超重率為16.9%、肥胖率為3.7%。 [結(jié)論]青海省人群的健康面臨雙重疾病負(fù)擔(dān)。城鄉(xiāng)個體營養(yǎng)與健康水平的差異加大了疾病預(yù)防控制工作的難度。
[Abstract]:[objective] to further understand the epidemiological characteristics and changes of dietary structure, behavior patterns and related chronic diseases of urban and rural residents in our province, evaluate the nutrition and health level of urban and rural residents, and formulate relevant policies for our province. Guide residents to adopt healthy lifestyle and provide scientific basis. [methods] according to the economic situation, the province was divided into four economic types: urban, rural, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas and pastoral areas to carry out multi-stage random cluster sampling. In the first stage, 1 county / district was randomly selected from each type of area, and 4 counties / districts were selected, and in the second stage, 3 townships / streets were selected from the sampled counties / districts by the method of systematic random sampling. In the third stage, 3 villages / neighborhood committees were selected from the sample villages / streets by the method of systematic random sampling, and 30 families were randomly selected from the villages / neighborhood committees in the fourth stage as sample households. All the members of the selected households were investigated by inquiry and medical examination, 2 / 3 of the villages were randomly selected from each village for laboratory examination, and 1 village / neighborhood committee was selected from each county to carry out the survey of residents' diet. Epidata3.02 was used to establish database and SPSS13.0 software was used to analyze the data. [results] the survey involved 4 counties / districts, 12 townships and 1116 households. There were 2141 males and 2206 females. The average dietary intake of cereals, vegetables and fruits, livestock and poultry meat and aquatic products, milk and beans, edible oil, salt and soy sauce were 408.61 g, 228.21 g, 75.06 g, 187.59 g, 34.68 g and 13g respectively, the energy intake, protein and fat were 2213.71 kg, 65.76 g and 74.09 g, respectively. Vitamin intake was 321.48 渭 g, thiamine 0.76 mg, riboflavin 1 mg, niacin 12.69 mg, ascorbic acid 95.84 mg, vitamin E 29.7 mg, mineral intake 495.95 mg per standard human, iron 25.08 mg, zinc 11.19 mg. From the source of energy, cereals provide 54.45% of the total energy. A total of 3720 adolescents aged 7-17 years were investigated, including 1875 males and 1845 females. The average height and weight of adolescents in different areas were higher than that of females except for some age groups. The average BMI of all age groups was slightly higher than that of females. The average body mass index was 2791 adults over 18 years old, 1227 males and 1564 females. The average height was 161.27 cm, and the average weight of children under 60.67kg.5 was 12.1.The growth retardation rate was the lowest in urban areas, followed by semi-farm and semi-pastoral areas, and the third in rural areas. The malnutrition rate of adults over 18 years of age was 6.49 in pastoral areas. The proportion of low body weight of infants in our province is 9.95, which is obviously higher than the national average of 3.6 in 2002. The average weaning time of infants under 3 years old was 8.5 months. The prevalence rate of anemia was 15.2g / L and the mean hemoglobin was 148.5 g / L in three investigated areas. The overweight rate was 16.9 according to WHO standard, and the obesity rate was 3.7. [conclusion] the health of the population in Qinghai Province is faced with double disease burden. The difference between urban and rural individual nutrition and health level increased the difficulty of disease prevention and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R151.42

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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