【摘要】：研究目的:國家環(huán)境保護(hù)部于2013年發(fā)布《中國公民環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)(試行)》,對公民環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了界定,也為評價現(xiàn)階段公眾環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)現(xiàn)狀提供了基本參照。本研究在探討環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上,嘗試研制環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)評價問卷,并選擇安吉縣作為調(diào)研現(xiàn)場,通過開展居民環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查,科學(xué)、準(zhǔn)確地評估居民的環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)水平,探索居民環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)可能的影響因素,從而針對調(diào)查結(jié)果提出合理的措施和建議,為政府制定提升居民環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)水平的相關(guān)政策提供參考依據(jù)。研究方法:(1)在文獻(xiàn)綜述的基礎(chǔ)上,對環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行界定。(2)在內(nèi)涵界定的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合《中國公民環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)(試行)》的內(nèi)容,構(gòu)建環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)調(diào)查問卷的基本框架并設(shè)計具體的條目,通過預(yù)調(diào)查,形成本研究所需的調(diào)查問卷。(3)以安吉縣常住人口作為研究對象,采用多階段分層整群隨機(jī)抽樣方法,利用自編環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)問卷實施入戶調(diào)查,共調(diào)查946名居民,獲得居民環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)基本理念、基本知識、基本行為和基本技能四個維度的得分以及總得分。(4)運用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計軟件對收集的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行信效度檢驗、描述性分析、t檢驗、單因素方差分析、多重線性回歸分析等,從而檢驗問卷的科學(xué)性、評價居民環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)水平以及探索環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)的影響因素。研究結(jié)果:(1)共發(fā)放調(diào)查問卷1000份,回收有效問卷946份,有效率94.60%。被調(diào)查人群中,來自農(nóng)村地區(qū)的居民較多,男女比例均衡,平均年齡41.82歲,文化程度以初中和高中居多,農(nóng)民為主,多為已婚,家庭平均月收入多處于2000~6000元。(2)信度分析結(jié)果顯示,問卷總體的sCronbach'a系數(shù)為0.777,且除基本理念維度外,其余三個維度的sCronbach'a系數(shù)均0.6。相關(guān)性分析顯示,問卷各維度得分與總得分的相關(guān)系數(shù)介于0.478~0.790,且均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)。因子分析結(jié)果顯示,KMO值為0.766,Bartlett球形檢驗具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05),提取的4個公因子可解釋58.099%的方差變異。(3)安吉縣居民環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)得分的百分制平均分為72.06±10.42,環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)總的具備率為25.4%,四個分維度素養(yǎng)的百分制得分以及具備率由高到低依次為:基本理念(79.67±14.19,52.1%)、基本知識(74.01±13.89,34.2%)、基本行為(70.43±14.64,29.1%)、基本技能(52.89±29.86,27.3%)。(4)獨立樣本t檢驗結(jié)果顯示,不同地區(qū)的居民在基本理念、知識、技能上的得分差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05),且農(nóng)村高于城鎮(zhèn)。單因素方差分析顯示,不同年齡、文化程度、職業(yè)、婚姻狀況以及家庭平均月收入的居民在基本理念、知識、技能三個維度得分以及總得分的差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)。(5)多重線性逐步回歸分析顯示,年齡(β=-0.109)、文化程度(β=0.089)、職業(yè)(β=-0.072)(P值均0.05)為環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)的重要影響因素,在控制了人口學(xué)變量后,環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)主要受基本知識(β=0.383,P0.05)和基本行為(β=0.668,P0.05)的影響。年齡(β=-0.187)、文化程度(β=0.104)、職業(yè)(β=0.102)和月收入(β=0.131)(P值均0.05)是基本理念素養(yǎng)的重要影響因素;基本知識素養(yǎng)的影響因素包括年齡(β=-0.103)、文化程度(β=0.233)、月收入(β=0.076)(P值均0.05);基本行為素養(yǎng)受到年齡(β=0.065)(P0.05)的影響;年齡(β=-0.157)、文化程度(β=0.215)、職業(yè)(β=-0.080)、婚姻狀況(β=0.139)(P值均0.05)為基本技能素養(yǎng)的重要影響因素。研究結(jié)論:(1)自編環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)調(diào)查問卷的信度和效度可以接受,進(jìn)一步完善后可為日后環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)的測評工作提供參考。(2)安吉縣居民環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)總的具備率為25.4%,但依然有很大的提升空間。居民基本理念素養(yǎng)的具備率最高,其次為基本知識素養(yǎng)和基本行為素養(yǎng),基本技能素養(yǎng)的具備率最低,今后可從強(qiáng)化居民的基本理念入手,加強(qiáng)居民基本知識的學(xué)習(xí)和基本技能的掌握,以引導(dǎo)居民行為的轉(zhuǎn)變。(3)安吉縣居民的環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)與基本知識、基本行為密切相關(guān),影響兩者的主要因素為年齡、文化程度和月收入水平,今后應(yīng)根據(jù)人群的人口學(xué)背景以及具備各維度素養(yǎng)的特點制定環(huán)境與健康素養(yǎng)的針對性提升措施。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: In 2013, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the "Environment and Health Literacy of Chinese Citizens (Trial Implementation)". It defined the content of citizen's environment and health literacy, and provided basic reference for evaluating the current situation of public environment and health literacy. The questionnaire of environmental and health literacy evaluation was used to select Anji County as the investigation site. Through the investigation of the status quo of residents'environmental and health literacy, the level of residents' environmental and health literacy was assessed scientifically and accurately, and the possible influencing factors of residents'environmental and health literacy were explored. The reasonable measures and suggestions were put forward for the government. Methods: (1) On the basis of literature review, the connotation of environment and health literacy was defined. (2) On the basis of connotation definition, a questionnaire on environment and health literacy was constructed combining with the contents of . The basic framework and specific items were designed to form the questionnaire for this study through pre-survey. (3) Taking the permanent population of Anji County as the research object, a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a household survey with a self-compiled questionnaire on environment and health literacy. A total of 946 residents were investigated to obtain the residents'environmental and health literacy. (4) SPSS20.0 statistical software was used to test the reliability and validity of the collected data, descriptive analysis, t test, one-way ANOVA, multiple linear regression analysis and so on, so as to test the scientificity of the questionnaire and evaluate the residents'environmental and health literacy. Results: (1) A total of 1 000 questionnaires were sent out and 946 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective rate of 94.60%. Among the investigated population, there were more residents from rural areas, with a balanced sex ratio, with an average age of 41.82 years. Most of them were junior and senior middle school students, and most of them were farmers, mostly married. The average monthly income of the family was between 2000 and 6000 yuan. (2) The reliability analysis showed that the sCronbach'a coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.777, and the sCronbach'a coefficient of the other three dimensions was 0.6 except the basic concept dimension. Factor analysis showed that KMO value was 0.766, and Bartlett spherical test had statistical significance (P 0.05). The four common factors could explain 58.099% of variance variation. (3) The average percentage of environmental and health literacy scores of residents in Anji County was 72.06 + 10.42, and the total possession rate of environmental and health literacy was 25.4%. The percentile score and possession rate were 79.67 (+ 14.19, 52.1%), 74.01 (+ 13.89, 34.2%), 70.43 (+ 14.64, 29.1%) and 52.89 (+ 29.86, 27.3%) respectively. There was statistical significance (P 0.05), and the rural areas were higher than the urban areas. One-way ANOVA showed that residents of different ages, educational level, occupation, marital status and average monthly family income had significant differences in the scores of basic concepts, knowledge, skills and total scores in the three dimensions (P 0.05). (5) Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that there were significant differences in the scores. Age (beta = - 0.109), education level (beta = - 0.089), occupation (beta = - 0.072) (P value 0.05) were the important influencing factors of environment and health literacy. After controlling demographic variables, environment and health literacy were mainly influenced by basic knowledge (beta = 0.383, P 0.05) and basic behavior (beta = 0.668, P 0.05). Age (beta = - 0.187), education level (beta = 0.104), occupation (beta = 0.104). 0.102) and monthly income (beta = 0.131) (P value is 0.05) are the important influencing factors of basic concept literacy; the influencing factors of basic knowledge literacy include age (beta = - 0.103), education level (beta = 0.233), monthly income (beta = 0.076) (P value is 0.05); basic behavior literacy is affected by age (beta = 0.065) (P 0.05); age (beta = - 0.157), education level (beta = 0.215), position. Industry (beta = - 0.080), marital status (beta = - 0.139) (P = 0.05) were the important influencing factors of basic skills literacy. Research conclusions: (1) The reliability and validity of the self-compiled questionnaire on environment and health literacy were acceptable, which could provide reference for future environmental and health literacy evaluation. (2) Environmental and health literacy of residents in Anji County. The overall possession rate is 25.4%, but there is still much room for improvement. The residents'basic ideological accomplishment has the highest possession rate, followed by basic knowledge accomplishment and basic behavior accomplishment. The possession rate of basic skills accomplishment is the lowest. In the future, we can start with strengthening the residents' basic ideas, and strengthen the residents'basic knowledge and basic skills mastery. (3) The environment and health literacy of residents in Anji County are closely related to basic knowledge and behavior, and the main factors affecting them are age, education level and monthly income level. Shi.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R12
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本文編號：2189137

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