上海市長(zhǎng)壽路社區(qū)學(xué)齡前兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況調(diào)查及健康教育
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-15 17:12
【摘要】：研究背景：營(yíng)養(yǎng)過(guò)剩是指攝入某種或某些營(yíng)養(yǎng)素過(guò)多后產(chǎn)生的營(yíng)養(yǎng)代謝異常,常表現(xiàn)為超重及肥胖。2005年全國(guó)調(diào)查相關(guān)報(bào)道顯示,沿海大城市中兒童青少年超重率已增至14.1%～19.3%,肥胖率6.0%-13.2%。其中上海學(xué)齡前兒童總超重率已達(dá)15.1%,其中肥胖占6.9%。而且還在逐年增加。當(dāng)前在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中,兒童肥胖問(wèn)題已愈來(lái)愈收到醫(yī)學(xué)界和社會(huì)各界的關(guān)注。因?yàn)闋I(yíng)養(yǎng)過(guò)剩導(dǎo)致的兒童肥胖和營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良一樣,同樣在影響著兒童、青少年的正常發(fā)育,給健康帶來(lái)一定的危害。 兒童肥胖的發(fā)生、發(fā)展遵循的生理機(jī)制依次為：能量攝入、能量消耗、能量?jī)?chǔ)存增加、體脂累積并最終產(chǎn)生肥胖肥胖,受遺傳、環(huán)境因素共同影響。遺傳決定肥胖的易感性,但個(gè)體是否真的成為肥胖,須由環(huán)境因素決定。近年來(lái)伴隨都市化、工業(yè)化、生活現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程加快,一些環(huán)境因素正通過(guò)以下途徑加速兒童肥胖流行：1.膳食熱量過(guò)多；2.體力活動(dòng)不足；3.生活方式由“動(dòng)”趨“靜”。與此同時(shí),群眾的營(yíng)養(yǎng)健康知識(shí)缺乏、兒童的不良飲食生活行為、各種不良社會(huì)因素(如單純追逐盈利的食品營(yíng)銷手段、“胖就是健康”等陳舊觀念)等,共同構(gòu)成“肥胖易感環(huán)境”。 研究目的：了解長(zhǎng)壽路社區(qū)學(xué)齡前兒童的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況及家長(zhǎng)、幼托機(jī)構(gòu)工作人員的營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)、態(tài)度和行為現(xiàn)狀,并進(jìn)行健康教育以降低營(yíng)養(yǎng)過(guò)剩的發(fā)生率。 研究方法：采用分層隨機(jī)抽樣的方法,選取長(zhǎng)壽路社區(qū)各幼托機(jī)構(gòu)的360名兒童及其家長(zhǎng)以及幼托機(jī)構(gòu)工作人員作為樣本,對(duì)其進(jìn)行健康體檢,計(jì)算BMI指數(shù),并建立健康檔案；應(yīng)用自行設(shè)計(jì)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)、態(tài)度、行為(簡(jiǎn)稱K-A-P)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行調(diào)查；對(duì)樣本兒童家長(zhǎng)及幼托機(jī)構(gòu)工作人員以及社區(qū)居民進(jìn)行為期9個(gè)月的健康教育；干預(yù)后體檢及K-A-P問(wèn)卷；對(duì)健康教育前后的體檢結(jié)果及K-A-P問(wèn)卷結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。 主要研究結(jié)果：參照徐秀等所著上海地區(qū)0-6歲兒童BMI的參考值,以BMI指數(shù)為參數(shù),取18.1BMI19.4為超重,取BMI指數(shù)≥19.4為肥胖。 健康教育前：長(zhǎng)壽路社區(qū)學(xué)齡前兒童的平均BMI指數(shù)為15.86+1.55,超重兒童34人,占所有樣本的9.4%,肥胖兒童21人,占所有樣本的5.9%；兒童家長(zhǎng)(360人)及幼托機(jī)構(gòu)工作人員(40人)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)K-A-P平均得分為84.96分。 健康教育后：長(zhǎng)壽路社區(qū)學(xué)齡前兒童的平均BMI指數(shù)為15.26±1.50,超重兒童25人,占所有樣本數(shù)的7.1%；肥胖兒童16人,占所有樣本數(shù)的4.5%；健康教育后調(diào)查對(duì)象為兒童家長(zhǎng)(352人)及幼托機(jī)構(gòu)工作人員(40人)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)K-A-P平均得分為92.27分。 結(jié)論： 隨著近年來(lái)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人民經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高,以及國(guó)外以動(dòng)物性食物為主的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的引入,造成某些營(yíng)養(yǎng)素尤其是供能營(yíng)養(yǎng)素過(guò)量攝入,最終導(dǎo)致全社會(huì)尤其是兒童的營(yíng)養(yǎng)過(guò)剩,進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致超重和肥胖比例逐年升高。 本項(xiàng)結(jié)果表明,長(zhǎng)壽路社區(qū)學(xué)齡前兒童存在超重及肥胖比例較高的現(xiàn)象,同時(shí)兒童家長(zhǎng)尤其是高年齡段及低文化程度者營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)匱乏,但大多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)具有良好的接受營(yíng)養(yǎng)健康教育的態(tài)度,并有意愿改變不良營(yíng)養(yǎng)行為,建立良好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)習(xí)慣。我們對(duì)長(zhǎng)壽路社區(qū)學(xué)齡前兒童家長(zhǎng)及幼托機(jī)構(gòu)工作人員進(jìn)行了為期9個(gè)月的營(yíng)養(yǎng)健康教育,通過(guò)健康教育,改善了長(zhǎng)壽路社區(qū)學(xué)齡前兒童的超重及肥胖情況(P0.01),提高了家長(zhǎng)及幼托機(jī)構(gòu)工作人員的營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)、態(tài)度、行為認(rèn)知水平(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND: Overnutrition refers to the abnormal metabolism of nutrients caused by excessive intake of certain nutrients, often manifested as overweight and obesity. A national survey in 2005 showed that the overweight rate of children and adolescents in coastal cities has increased to 14.1%-19.3%, and the obesity rate is 6.0%-13.2%. In developed countries, the problem of childhood obesity has attracted more and more attention from medical and social circles. Because overnutrition leads to childhood obesity and malnutrition, it also affects the normal development of children and adolescents, and brings certain harm to health.
The occurrence and development of childhood obesity follow the following physiological mechanisms: energy intake, energy consumption, increased energy storage, body fat accumulation and eventually obesity, affected by genetic and environmental factors. Industrialization and modernization of life are accelerating. Some environmental factors are accelerating the epidemic of childhood obesity through the following ways: 1. excessive dietary calories; 2. inadequate physical activity; 3. lifestyle from "movement" to "quiet". At the same time, the lack of nutritional and health knowledge of the masses, children's unhealthy eating and living behavior, and various adverse social factors (such as single) Purely profit-seeking food marketing means, "fat is healthy" and other obsolete concepts, together constitute a "obesity-susceptible environment.
Objective: To understand the nutritional status of preschool children in Longevity Road community and the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents and staff in kindergartens, and to carry out health education to reduce the incidence of overnutrition.
Methods: By stratified random sampling, 360 children, their parents and staff of kindergartens in Longevity Road community were selected as samples for physical examination, BMI index was calculated and health records were established. The health education was conducted for 9 months among the parents of the children and the staff of the kindergartens and the residents of the community. The physical examination and K-A-P questionnaire were conducted after the intervention. The results of physical examination and K-A-P questionnaire before and after the health education were statistically analyzed.
The main results were as follows: Referring to the BMI reference values of 0-6 years old children in Shanghai by Xu Xiu and others, taking BMI index as parameter, taking 18.1 BMI 19.4 as overweight, taking BMI index (>19.4) as obesity.
Before health education: the average BMI of preschool children in Longevity Road Community was 15.86+1.55, 34 overweight children, accounting for 9.4% of all samples, 21 obese children, accounting for 5.9% of all samples, and the average nutritional K-A-P score of parents (360) and staff of kindergartens (40) was 84.96.
After health education, the average BMI index of preschool children in Longevity Road Community was 15.26 (+ 1.50), overweight children 25 (7.1%) and obese children 16 (4.5%). The average nutritional K-A-P score of parents (352) and nursery staff (40) was 92.27.
Conclusion:
In recent years, with the development of our country's economy, the improvement of people's economic level and the introduction of animal-based diet abroad, some nutrients, especially energy-supplying nutrients, have been overtaken, which eventually leads to the overnutrition of the whole society, especially children, and further leads to the increasing proportion of overweight and obesity year by year.
The results showed that the proportion of overweight and obesity was high among preschool children in Longevity Road Community, and the nutritional knowledge of parents was deficient, especially those of the older age and lower education level. However, most parents had good attitude to nutritional health education and were willing to change malnutritional behavior and establish good nutritional habits. Habitus. We conducted 9-month nutritional health education for parents of preschool children and staff of kindergartens in Longevity Road Community. Through health education, the overweight and obesity of preschool children in Longevity Road Community were improved (P 0.01), and the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior cognition of parents and staff in kindergartens were improved (P 0.05). ).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R153.2
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND: Overnutrition refers to the abnormal metabolism of nutrients caused by excessive intake of certain nutrients, often manifested as overweight and obesity. A national survey in 2005 showed that the overweight rate of children and adolescents in coastal cities has increased to 14.1%-19.3%, and the obesity rate is 6.0%-13.2%. In developed countries, the problem of childhood obesity has attracted more and more attention from medical and social circles. Because overnutrition leads to childhood obesity and malnutrition, it also affects the normal development of children and adolescents, and brings certain harm to health.
The occurrence and development of childhood obesity follow the following physiological mechanisms: energy intake, energy consumption, increased energy storage, body fat accumulation and eventually obesity, affected by genetic and environmental factors. Industrialization and modernization of life are accelerating. Some environmental factors are accelerating the epidemic of childhood obesity through the following ways: 1. excessive dietary calories; 2. inadequate physical activity; 3. lifestyle from "movement" to "quiet". At the same time, the lack of nutritional and health knowledge of the masses, children's unhealthy eating and living behavior, and various adverse social factors (such as single) Purely profit-seeking food marketing means, "fat is healthy" and other obsolete concepts, together constitute a "obesity-susceptible environment.
Objective: To understand the nutritional status of preschool children in Longevity Road community and the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents and staff in kindergartens, and to carry out health education to reduce the incidence of overnutrition.
Methods: By stratified random sampling, 360 children, their parents and staff of kindergartens in Longevity Road community were selected as samples for physical examination, BMI index was calculated and health records were established. The health education was conducted for 9 months among the parents of the children and the staff of the kindergartens and the residents of the community. The physical examination and K-A-P questionnaire were conducted after the intervention. The results of physical examination and K-A-P questionnaire before and after the health education were statistically analyzed.
The main results were as follows: Referring to the BMI reference values of 0-6 years old children in Shanghai by Xu Xiu and others, taking BMI index as parameter, taking 18.1 BMI 19.4 as overweight, taking BMI index (>19.4) as obesity.
Before health education: the average BMI of preschool children in Longevity Road Community was 15.86+1.55, 34 overweight children, accounting for 9.4% of all samples, 21 obese children, accounting for 5.9% of all samples, and the average nutritional K-A-P score of parents (360) and staff of kindergartens (40) was 84.96.
After health education, the average BMI index of preschool children in Longevity Road Community was 15.26 (+ 1.50), overweight children 25 (7.1%) and obese children 16 (4.5%). The average nutritional K-A-P score of parents (352) and nursery staff (40) was 92.27.
Conclusion:
In recent years, with the development of our country's economy, the improvement of people's economic level and the introduction of animal-based diet abroad, some nutrients, especially energy-supplying nutrients, have been overtaken, which eventually leads to the overnutrition of the whole society, especially children, and further leads to the increasing proportion of overweight and obesity year by year.
The results showed that the proportion of overweight and obesity was high among preschool children in Longevity Road Community, and the nutritional knowledge of parents was deficient, especially those of the older age and lower education level. However, most parents had good attitude to nutritional health education and were willing to change malnutritional behavior and establish good nutritional habits. Habitus. We conducted 9-month nutritional health education for parents of preschool children and staff of kindergartens in Longevity Road Community. Through health education, the overweight and obesity of preschool children in Longevity Road Community were improved (P 0.01), and the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior cognition of parents and staff in kindergartens were improved (P 0.05). ).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R153.2
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