【摘要】：住宅環(huán)境及居民生活習(xí)慣對居民健康影響的問卷調(diào)查研究于2012年4月于重慶展開。本文主要分析了對重慶市民呼吸類疾病的影響。此調(diào)查分為兩個(gè)階段，第一個(gè)階段為現(xiàn)狀研究階段，我們通過問卷對重慶市兩所小學(xué)共1348戶住宅的住宅環(huán)境及其居民的生活習(xí)慣和健康狀況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，問卷反饋率為79%。 通過對問卷中居民健康狀況的統(tǒng)計(jì)，發(fā)現(xiàn)小學(xué)生的呼吸類疾病發(fā)病率約為30%，成年男女的呼吸類疾病約為15%，而老年人的呼吸類疾病發(fā)病率約為8%，呼吸類疾病對兒童的影響是最大的。心血管類疾病和風(fēng)濕類疾病則是隨著年齡的增長出現(xiàn)越來越高的發(fā)病率，對于心血管疾病，小學(xué)生發(fā)病率為0.3%，成年男性和成年女性為2.1%和2.2%；對于風(fēng)濕類疾病，小學(xué)生發(fā)病率為1.2%，成年男女分別為3.1%和4.5%。 本文分析了影響小學(xué)生兒童，成年男性，成年女性呼吸類疾病的室內(nèi)環(huán)境因素和行為習(xí)慣因素。在經(jīng)過單因素和多因素logistic回歸分析后，得出與小學(xué)生呼吸類疾病有顯著關(guān)系的因素有建筑500米內(nèi)是否有污染的水源，建筑500米內(nèi)是否有喧雜的街道，開窗時(shí)空氣是否得到改善，冬季臥室照射到陽光的時(shí)間，衛(wèi)生間是否有異味，視覺環(huán)境是否良好共六種因素；與成年男性呼吸類疾病有顯著關(guān)系的因素有主干道與住宅的距離是否小于200米，建筑500米內(nèi)是否有垃圾場，廚房油煙量的多少，每天使用電腦時(shí)間是否大于六小時(shí)，，從室外回到家中是否感覺有異味，主臥是否有異味，衛(wèi)生間是否有異味，視覺環(huán)境是否良好共八種因素；與成年女性呼吸類疾病有顯著關(guān)系的因素有客廳開窗時(shí)間，廚房油煙狀況，室內(nèi)吸煙狀況，室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)狀況和聽覺環(huán)境是否良好共五種因素。 在第二階段入戶調(diào)研的階段，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)重慶住宅裝修時(shí)間在一年內(nèi)的甲醛超標(biāo)率嚴(yán)重，超標(biāo)率達(dá)65.0%，而裝修時(shí)間在一年以上的住宅情況依然嚴(yán)重，超標(biāo)率為23.6%。住宅各個(gè)房間的甲醛污染濃度中，臥室最嚴(yán)重，書房其次，客廳污染最輕。
[Abstract]:A questionnaire study on the effects of residential environment and living habits on residents' health was conducted in Chongqing in April 2012. This paper mainly analyzes the effect of respiratory diseases on Chongqing residents. This investigation is divided into two stages. The first stage is the current situation research stage. We investigated the residential environment and residents' living habits and health status of 1348 houses in two primary schools in Chongqing. The feedback rate of the questionnaire is 79%. Through the statistics of the health status of the residents in the questionnaire, It was found that the incidence of respiratory diseases in primary school students was about 30 percent, that in adult men and women was about 15 percent, and that in the elderly was about 8 percent. The effect of respiratory diseases on children was the greatest. Cardiovascular diseases and rheumatic diseases increase with age. For primary school students, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is 0.3%, for adult males and females is 2.1% and 2.2%; for rheumatic diseases, The incidence of primary school students was 1.2 and that of adult males and females was 3.1% and 4.5% respectively. The indoor environmental factors and behavioral habit factors affecting respiratory diseases in primary school children, adult males and adult females were analyzed. After univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was concluded that the factors significantly related to respiratory diseases of primary school students were whether there were polluted water sources within 500m of buildings, whether there were noisy streets within 500m of buildings, and whether the air was improved when windows were opened. The time when the bedroom is exposed to the sun in winter, whether the bathroom has odour or not, whether the visual environment is good or not is six factors. The main road and the distance between the house and the main road are significantly related to the respiratory diseases of adult male. Whether the distance between the main road and the house is less than 200 meters, Is there a garbage dump within 500 meters of the building, the amount of cooking fume in the kitchen, whether the time of using the computer is more than six hours a day, whether there is a peculiar smell in the home from outside, whether the main bedroom has a peculiar smell, and whether the toilet has a peculiar smell. There were eight factors of good visual environment and five factors of significant relationship with respiratory diseases of adult women, such as sitting room window opening time, kitchen oil smoke status, indoor smoking status, indoor air quality status and sound environment. In the second stage of household investigation, we found that the formaldehyde exceeding standard rate of Chongqing residence decoration time is serious in one year, the exceeding standard rate is 65.0, and the housing decoration time is more than one year, the situation is still serious, the exceeding standard rate is 23.6. Residential rooms of formaldehyde pollution concentration, the bedroom is the most serious, the study next, the living room pollution is the lightest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X508;R126.8

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陸如山;胡世平;;WHO關(guān)注空氣污染對人類健康的影響[J];國外醫(yī)學(xué)情報(bào);2001年02期

2 胡偉,吳國平,滕恩江,魏復(fù)盛;被動(dòng)吸煙對兒童呼吸健康的影響[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)研究;2000年04期

3 秦鈺慧,張曉明,金慧芝,李青,范德利,尹先仁,李震,房偉,王桂芳,陳秀芬,李杰;室內(nèi)空氣污染的研究[J];環(huán)境與健康雜志;1991年03期

4 王少利,郭新彪,張金良;北京市大氣污染對學(xué)齡兒童呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和癥狀的影響[J];環(huán)境與健康雜志;2004年01期

5 胡衡生,黃勵(lì),張新英,羅洪亮,朱易;大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量對學(xué)齡兒童呼吸健康的影響[J];環(huán)境與健康雜志;2004年06期

6 趙立峰;崔明;;焦作市部分裝修居室空氣污染調(diào)查[J];環(huán)境與健康雜志;2007年09期

7 陸思華,白郁華,龔幸頤,虞江平;北大園區(qū)室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量衛(wèi)生學(xué)研究[J];環(huán)境與健康雜志;1999年01期

8 李延紅,蘇瑾,楊濱,薄萍,朱穎俐,相喜魁;裝飾材料中甲醛對居室空氣污染和健康危害研究[J];勞動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué);2001年01期

9 王紅玉,孫寶清,鄭勁平,安嘉穎,羅定芬,吳瑞卿,鐘南山;兒童哮喘與特應(yīng)性的關(guān)系[J];實(shí)用醫(yī)學(xué)雜志;2002年11期

10 周玲,李林,胡森科,程占勝;新裝修居室空氣中甲醛污染狀況的研究[J];西安醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(中文版);1999年04期

本文編號(hào)：2182584