【摘要】：1.目的 通過比較某超硬材料建設(shè)項目搬遷前后職業(yè)病危害的控制效果,探討其搬遷后職業(yè)病危害控制效果的改善情況及影響因素,為今后職業(yè)病防治工作提供依據(jù)。 2.方法 2.1職業(yè)衛(wèi)生調(diào)查 包括生產(chǎn)過程衛(wèi)生學(xué)的調(diào)查：調(diào)查生產(chǎn)工藝流程及項目運行的基本概況,從而確定生產(chǎn)過程中可能產(chǎn)生(或存在)的各種職業(yè)病危害的名稱；作業(yè)環(huán)境衛(wèi)生學(xué)情況的調(diào)查：調(diào)查項目選址及生產(chǎn)工藝、總平面布局、個人使用的防護用品、為防止或減輕職業(yè)病危害而設(shè)置的防護設(shè)施、應(yīng)急救援裝備和設(shè)施的配置情況；職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理情況的調(diào)查：包括職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理機構(gòu)及人員的配置情況,職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理制度的制定及制度的具體落實情況,職業(yè)病危害的定期檢測情況、勞動者的職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護情況、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理檔案情況等。 2.2職業(yè)病危害因素檢測 在生產(chǎn)狀態(tài)正常的情況下,依據(jù)《工作場所空氣中有害物質(zhì)監(jiān)測的采樣規(guī)范》、《工作場所空氣中粉塵測定》、《工作場所空氣有毒物質(zhì)測定》、《工作場所物理因素測量》、《照明測量方法》等規(guī)范、標準的規(guī)定,對該廠生產(chǎn)運行過程中可能產(chǎn)生(或存在)的各種職業(yè)病危害進行現(xiàn)場采樣和實驗室檢測分析,對各種職業(yè)病危害的濃度(或強度)及生產(chǎn)車間設(shè)置的各種防護設(shè)施的防護效果進行評定。 3.結(jié)果 檢測結(jié)果方面：在搬遷前日常檢測和搬遷后控制效果評價中,氨、硫酸、鹽酸、氫氧化鈉、工頻電場的濃度或強度均符合國家規(guī)定的限值要求。粉塵、噪聲為超標因素�；炝瞎ぁ喊艄�、提純工接觸粉塵的TWA結(jié)果搬遷后低于搬遷前。混料工、壓棒工接觸噪聲的8小時等效聲級結(jié)果搬遷后比搬遷前低10分貝左右。搬遷后工種個體粉塵檢測、崗位定點粉塵檢測結(jié)果合格率均高于搬遷前,χ2分別為16.23、5.45,P0.05,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。噪聲8h等效連續(xù)聲級檢測結(jié)果搬遷前和搬遷后比較,x2=0.19,P0.05,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 職業(yè)病防護設(shè)施方面：新建項目在搬遷前的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步完善了職業(yè)病防護設(shè)施,在混料間和壓制室安裝了除塵器,并對后處理生產(chǎn)線的破碎、球磨實施濕式作業(yè),在混料機和壓棒機本身機殼加裝了隔聲罩。 4.結(jié)論 新建項目工作場所存在的氨、硫酸、鹽酸、氫氧化鈉的濃度和工頻電場的強度均符合國家規(guī)定的限值要求,粉塵、噪聲為超標因素。和搬遷前相比,搬遷后粉塵和噪聲職業(yè)病危害得到了改善,主要原因在于職業(yè)病防護設(shè)施的補充完善和濕式作業(yè)的實施。
[Abstract]:1. Objective to compare the control effect of occupational disease hazards before and after the relocation of a superhard material construction project, and to discuss the improvement of occupational disease hazard control effect and its influencing factors after relocation. To provide the basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in the future. 2. Methods 2.1 Occupational health survey included investigation of production process hygiene: investigation of production process flow and basic general situation of project operation. To determine the names of various occupational hazards that may occur (or exist) in the production process; to investigate the hygienic conditions of the working environment; to investigate the site selection and production process of the project, the general layout of the plan, and the protective articles used by individuals, The allocation of protective facilities, emergency rescue equipment and facilities for the prevention or mitigation of occupational disease hazards; investigation of occupational health management: including the allocation of occupational health management institutions and personnel, The establishment and implementation of the occupational health management system, the regular monitoring of occupational disease hazards, and the occupational health monitoring of workers, 2.2 Detection of occupational disease hazard factors under normal production conditions, According to "sampling Standard for Monitoring harmful substances in Workplace Air", "Dust Measurement in Workplace Air", "determination of toxic substances in Workplace Air", "physical Factor Measurement in Workplace", "Lighting Measurement method", etc. Field sampling and laboratory analysis of various occupational hazards that may occur (or exist) in the course of production and operation of the plant, The concentration (or intensity) of various occupational hazards and the protective effects of various protective facilities installed in the workshop were evaluated. Results: the concentration or strength of ammonia, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and power frequency electric field in routine detection before relocation and evaluation of control effect after relocation were all in accordance with the limit required by the state. Dust and noise are over standard factors. The TWA results of workers exposed to dust were lower than those before removal. The equivalent sound level after 8 hours of contact noise of compactor and bar is about 10 decibels lower than that before moving. After relocation, the qualified rate of dust detection at fixed point was higher than that before relocation, 蠂 2 was 16.2355.45 (P0.05), the difference was statistically significant. Noise 8 h equivalent continuous sound level test results were compared before and after the relocation, the difference was not statistically significant. Occupational disease protection facilities: on the basis of the relocation of the new project, the new project has further improved the occupational disease protection facilities, installed a dust collector in the mixing room and the compacting chamber, and has broken down the reprocessing production line and carried out wet operation in the ball mill. Sound isolating cover is installed in the housing of mixer and bar press. 4. Conclusion the concentration of ammonia, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and the intensity of power frequency electric field in the workplace of the newly built project are all in line with the limit required by the state, and the dust and noise are the factors of exceeding the standard. Compared with before relocation, dust and noise occupational hazards were improved after relocation, mainly due to the improvement of occupational disease protection facilities and the implementation of wet operation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R135

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