武漢市蓄電池行業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生現(xiàn)狀及作業(yè)工人健康效應(yīng)調(diào)查
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 16:23
【摘要】：目的： 通過對武漢市蓄電池企業(yè)的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生現(xiàn)況及其作業(yè)工人健康狀況進行調(diào)查，探討影響工人血鉛水平及健康的主要因素，為鉛蓄電池企業(yè)采取更有效、更有針對性的勞動保護措施及職業(yè)衛(wèi)生對策提供依據(jù)。 方法: 隨機抽取生產(chǎn)規(guī)模和工藝水平具代表性的2家蓄電池企業(yè)及其作業(yè)工人為研究對象；分別對企業(yè)進行現(xiàn)場空氣采樣，測定鉛塵和鉛煙含量，同時對其工藝布局及勞動保護措施等職業(yè)衛(wèi)生學(xué)相關(guān)內(nèi)容進行調(diào)查；隨機抽取兩企業(yè)374名作業(yè)工人作為觀察對象，對其進行常規(guī)的職業(yè)健康體檢和個人職業(yè)防護行為的問卷調(diào)查；調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)采用Epidata3.0軟件進行雙錄入，Excel2003進行數(shù)據(jù)運算，SPSS16.0進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。 結(jié)果: 1、蓄電池企業(yè)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示：鉛煙平均濃度為0.137mg/m3，超標率達64%；鉛塵平均濃度為0.228mg/m3，超標率達56.7%。空氣鉛煙/鉛塵濃度總超標率達72.7%。企業(yè)生產(chǎn)車間房頂建有8個通風口，裝有抽風設(shè)備，但并未開啟；車間濕式清掃頻率不高；作業(yè)工人工間休息區(qū)設(shè)在生產(chǎn)車間內(nèi)部；飲水區(qū)離生產(chǎn)線距離不足５米；每個工位操作臺上均設(shè)有下抽風系統(tǒng)；部分工位為作業(yè)工人配了防毒面具；企業(yè)為每位在崗工人都發(fā)放了工作服、棉紗口罩、棉布手套、耳塞等個人防護用品，并進行了崗前個人防護培訓(xùn)；其中一家企業(yè)將食堂設(shè)在生產(chǎn)車間樓上。 2、作業(yè)工人職業(yè)健康體檢結(jié)果顯示：作業(yè)工人血鉛濃度均值為280.5±159.8μg/L，其中，高血鉛者224例（59.9%），達到臨床觀察值水平67例（17.9%），達到臨床診斷值水平10例（2.7%）。同時其他的健康指標異常情況為：貧血者149例（39.8%）；谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶升高者35例（9.4%）；神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)有自覺癥狀但檢查未顯示異常者205例（54.8%），，消化系統(tǒng)癥狀者154例（41.2%），心血管系統(tǒng)異常率非常高，主要表現(xiàn)為心電圖檢查異常者338例（90.3%）。 3、作業(yè)工人的個人衛(wèi)生防護行為調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示：40.1%（約150人）的工人表示經(jīng)常戴口罩。兩家企業(yè)幾乎所有作業(yè)工人都在車間內(nèi)飲水，其中一家企業(yè)的作業(yè)工人相當于在車間就餐，52.1%的工人餐前未換下工作服。17.9%的工人下班未洗澡換衣，甚至有工人直接將工作服穿回家中換洗。 4、作業(yè)工人血鉛水平影響因素的分析結(jié)果顯示：作業(yè)工人崗位鉛接觸水平（F=64.44，p0.01）、年齡（F=2.66，p=0.0480.05）、工齡（F=29.91，p0.01）、個人防護及衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣（F=66.30，p0.01）、吸煙（t=5.105，p0.01）、飲酒（t=5.008，p0.01）等均對工人血鉛水平有影響，且具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。將上述影響因素納入多元回歸分析，得到多元回歸方程：Y=329.73+72.25X1+3.08X2-5.68X3-20.83X4-53.70X5（X1=鉛接觸水平，X2=年齡，X3=工齡，X4=個人行為，X5=吸煙），鉛接觸水平對作業(yè)工人血鉛濃度影響最大，吸煙及個人防護行為次之，年齡對血鉛濃度的影響最小。 結(jié)論： 1、被調(diào)查企業(yè)工作場所空氣鉛煙、鉛塵濃度高于國家標準接觸限值的水平，超限倍數(shù)超標率高。兩家企業(yè)生產(chǎn)布局不合理，車間排毒設(shè)施不完善，現(xiàn)有的通風設(shè)施未開啟，職業(yè)衛(wèi)生防護部分措施流于形式。 2、工人自我防護行為較差，不佩戴防護用品的現(xiàn)象較為普遍，作業(yè)工人高血鉛者比例較高，心血管系統(tǒng)異常率較高，作業(yè)工人健康狀況不容樂觀。 3、作業(yè)工人鉛接觸水平、個人防護行為及工齡是影響其血鉛水平的主要因素。面對蓄電池行業(yè)嚴重的鉛污染現(xiàn)狀，政府及職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理部門應(yīng)加大投入和加強監(jiān)督，企業(yè)要配備完善的防護設(shè)施及設(shè)備，加強工人崗前、崗中培訓(xùn)及健康教育，提高蓄電池工人鉛煙/鉛塵的自我防護意識，指導(dǎo)工人養(yǎng)成健康的衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。
[Abstract]:Objective:
Through the investigation of the current status of occupational health and the health status of the workers in Wuhan battery enterprises, the main factors affecting the blood lead level and health of the workers are discussed, and the basis is provided for the more effective, more targeted labor protection measures and occupational health countermeasures for the lead-acid battery enterprises.
Method:
2 typical storage battery enterprises and their workers were selected as the research objects randomly. The field air sampling, the determination of lead dust and the content of lead smoke were carried out respectively, and the technical layout and labor protection measures were investigated, and the 374 masterpieces of the two enterprises were randomly selected. As the object of observation, the workers carried out a questionnaire survey on the routine occupational health examination and personal occupational protection behavior. The survey data were recorded by Epidata3.0 software, Excel2003 was used for data operation, and SPSS16.0 was statistically analyzed.
Result:
1, the result of the battery enterprise survey shows that the average concentration of lead smoke is 0.137mg/m3, the exceeding standard rate is 64%, the average concentration of lead dust is 0.228mg/m3, the excess rate reaches the total standard of 56.7%. air lead smoke / lead dust, and the total exceeding standard of 56.7%. air lead smoke / lead dust is up to 8 air vent in the roof of 72.7%. enterprise production workshop, which is equipped with suction equipment, but it is not open; the frequency of wet cleaning in the workshop is not high; The working workers' rest area is located inside the production workshop; the water area is less than 5 meters away from the production line; the ventilation system is set on each station operating table; some workers are equipped with gas masks for the workers; the enterprises have issued work clothes, cotton yarn mouth cover, cotton gloves, earplug and other personal protective supplies for every working worker. And pre job personal protection training was conducted, one of which built the dining hall upstairs in the production workshop.
2, the occupational health examination results showed that the mean blood lead concentration of the workers was 280.5 + 159.8 mu g/L, of which 224 cases (59.9%) were high blood lead (59.9%), 67 cases (17.9%) reached the clinical observation level, and the clinical diagnostic value was 10 (2.7%). At the same time, the other abnormal health indicators were 149 cases (39.8%) and alanine aminotransferase. 35 cases (9.4%) were high, 205 cases (54.8%) had no abnormal symptoms but 154 cases (41.2%) of digestive system symptoms, and the abnormal rate of cardiovascular system was very high. The main manifestations were 338 cases (90.3%) with abnormal electrocardiogram examination.
3, the investigation of the workers' personal health protection behavior showed that 40.1% (about 150 people) said they often wear masks. Almost all the workers in the two enterprises were drinking water in the workshop. One of the workers in one enterprise was equivalent to the meal in the workshop, and 52.1% of the workers who did not replace the.17.9% in the work clothes before the meal did not take a bathing change from work. Some workers even wear their work clothes home for change.
4, the analysis of the influence factors of the blood lead level of the workers showed that the lead level (F=64.44, P0.01), the age (F=2.66, p=0.0480.05), the working age (F=29.91, P0.01), the personal protection and health habits (F=66.30, P0.01), smoking (t=5.105, P0.01), drinking (t=5.008, P0.01) were all affecting the blood lead level of the workers, and the statistics were statistically significant. The above factors were included in multiple regression analysis to obtain multiple regression equations: Y=329.73+72.25X1+3.08X2-5.68X3-20.83X4-53.70X5 (X1= lead exposure level, X2= age, X3= working age, X4= personal behavior, X5= smoking). Lead exposure had the greatest influence on the concentration of blood lead in workers, smoking and personal protection, age to blood. The effect of lead concentration is the least.
Conclusion:
1, the air lead smoke in the workplace of the enterprise is investigated. The concentration of lead dust is higher than the level of the national standard, the excess rate is high. The production layout of the two enterprises is unreasonable, the plant detoxification facilities are not perfect, the existing ventilation facilities are not opened, and some measures of occupational health protection are in the form.
2, the workers' self-protection behavior is poor, the phenomenon of not wearing protective equipment is more common, the proportion of workers with high blood lead is higher, the abnormal rate of cardiovascular system is high, and the health status of workers is not optimistic.
3, lead exposure level, personal protection behavior and working age are the main factors affecting the level of blood lead. Facing the serious lead pollution status of the battery industry, the government and occupational health management departments should increase investment and strengthen supervision. Enterprises should be equipped with perfect protection facilities and equipment, and strengthen workers' pre job training and health education. To improve the self-protection consciousness of lead smoke / lead dust in battery workers, and guide workers to develop healthy habits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R13
本文編號：2144382
[Abstract]:Objective:
Through the investigation of the current status of occupational health and the health status of the workers in Wuhan battery enterprises, the main factors affecting the blood lead level and health of the workers are discussed, and the basis is provided for the more effective, more targeted labor protection measures and occupational health countermeasures for the lead-acid battery enterprises.
Method:
2 typical storage battery enterprises and their workers were selected as the research objects randomly. The field air sampling, the determination of lead dust and the content of lead smoke were carried out respectively, and the technical layout and labor protection measures were investigated, and the 374 masterpieces of the two enterprises were randomly selected. As the object of observation, the workers carried out a questionnaire survey on the routine occupational health examination and personal occupational protection behavior. The survey data were recorded by Epidata3.0 software, Excel2003 was used for data operation, and SPSS16.0 was statistically analyzed.
Result:
1, the result of the battery enterprise survey shows that the average concentration of lead smoke is 0.137mg/m3, the exceeding standard rate is 64%, the average concentration of lead dust is 0.228mg/m3, the excess rate reaches the total standard of 56.7%. air lead smoke / lead dust, and the total exceeding standard of 56.7%. air lead smoke / lead dust is up to 8 air vent in the roof of 72.7%. enterprise production workshop, which is equipped with suction equipment, but it is not open; the frequency of wet cleaning in the workshop is not high; The working workers' rest area is located inside the production workshop; the water area is less than 5 meters away from the production line; the ventilation system is set on each station operating table; some workers are equipped with gas masks for the workers; the enterprises have issued work clothes, cotton yarn mouth cover, cotton gloves, earplug and other personal protective supplies for every working worker. And pre job personal protection training was conducted, one of which built the dining hall upstairs in the production workshop.
2, the occupational health examination results showed that the mean blood lead concentration of the workers was 280.5 + 159.8 mu g/L, of which 224 cases (59.9%) were high blood lead (59.9%), 67 cases (17.9%) reached the clinical observation level, and the clinical diagnostic value was 10 (2.7%). At the same time, the other abnormal health indicators were 149 cases (39.8%) and alanine aminotransferase. 35 cases (9.4%) were high, 205 cases (54.8%) had no abnormal symptoms but 154 cases (41.2%) of digestive system symptoms, and the abnormal rate of cardiovascular system was very high. The main manifestations were 338 cases (90.3%) with abnormal electrocardiogram examination.
3, the investigation of the workers' personal health protection behavior showed that 40.1% (about 150 people) said they often wear masks. Almost all the workers in the two enterprises were drinking water in the workshop. One of the workers in one enterprise was equivalent to the meal in the workshop, and 52.1% of the workers who did not replace the.17.9% in the work clothes before the meal did not take a bathing change from work. Some workers even wear their work clothes home for change.
4, the analysis of the influence factors of the blood lead level of the workers showed that the lead level (F=64.44, P0.01), the age (F=2.66, p=0.0480.05), the working age (F=29.91, P0.01), the personal protection and health habits (F=66.30, P0.01), smoking (t=5.105, P0.01), drinking (t=5.008, P0.01) were all affecting the blood lead level of the workers, and the statistics were statistically significant. The above factors were included in multiple regression analysis to obtain multiple regression equations: Y=329.73+72.25X1+3.08X2-5.68X3-20.83X4-53.70X5 (X1= lead exposure level, X2= age, X3= working age, X4= personal behavior, X5= smoking). Lead exposure had the greatest influence on the concentration of blood lead in workers, smoking and personal protection, age to blood. The effect of lead concentration is the least.
Conclusion:
1, the air lead smoke in the workplace of the enterprise is investigated. The concentration of lead dust is higher than the level of the national standard, the excess rate is high. The production layout of the two enterprises is unreasonable, the plant detoxification facilities are not perfect, the existing ventilation facilities are not opened, and some measures of occupational health protection are in the form.
2, the workers' self-protection behavior is poor, the phenomenon of not wearing protective equipment is more common, the proportion of workers with high blood lead is higher, the abnormal rate of cardiovascular system is high, and the health status of workers is not optimistic.
3, lead exposure level, personal protection behavior and working age are the main factors affecting the level of blood lead. Facing the serious lead pollution status of the battery industry, the government and occupational health management departments should increase investment and strengthen supervision. Enterprises should be equipped with perfect protection facilities and equipment, and strengthen workers' pre job training and health education. To improve the self-protection consciousness of lead smoke / lead dust in battery workers, and guide workers to develop healthy habits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R13
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